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Hellyer SD, Aggarwal S, Chen ANY, Leach K, Lapinsky DJ, Gregory KJ. Development of Clickable Photoaffinity Ligands for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Based on Two Positive Allosteric Modulator Chemotypes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1597-1609. [PMID: 32396330 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) is a transmembrane-spanning class C G protein-coupled receptor that is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. A key challenge has been deciphering the contribution of mGlu2 relative to other closely related mGlu receptors in mediating different physiological responses, which could be achieved through the utilization of subtype selective pharmacological tools. In this respect, allosteric modulators that recognize ligand-binding sites distinct from the endogenous neurotransmitter glutamate offer the promise of higher receptor-subtype selectivity. We hypothesized that mGlu2-selective positive allosteric modulators could be derivatized to generate bifunctional pharmacological tools. Here we developed clickable photoaffinity probes for mGlu2 based on two different positive allosteric modulator scaffolds that retained similar pharmacological activity to parent compounds. We demonstrate successful probe-dependent incorporation of a commercially available clickable fluorophore using bioorthogonal conjugation. Importantly, we also show the limitations of using these probes to assess in situ fluorescence of mGlu2 in intact cells where significant nonspecific membrane binding is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shaili Aggarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Amy N. Y. Chen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David J. Lapinsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Johnson KA, Lovinger DM. Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in alcohol use disorder: Insights from preclinical investigations. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:193-232. [PMID: 32416868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are family C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system. Owing to recent advances in development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators of mGlu receptors, individual members of the mGlu receptor family have been proposed as targets for treating a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. In this chapter, we highlight preclinical evidence that allosteric modulators of mGlu receptors could be useful for reducing alcohol consumption and preventing relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We begin with an overview of the preclinical models that are used to study mGlu receptor involvement in alcohol-related behaviors. Alcohol exposure causes adaptations in both expression and function of various mGlu receptor subtypes, and pharmacotherapies aimed at reversing these adaptations have the potential to reduce alcohol consumption and seeking. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu2 and negative allosteric modulators of mGlu5 show particular promise for reducing alcohol intake and/or preventing relapse. Finally, this chapter discusses important considerations for translating preclinical findings toward the development of clinically useful drugs, including the potential for PAMs to avoid tolerance issues that are frequently observed with repeated administration of GPCR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Spampinato SF, Copani A, Nicoletti F, Sortino MA, Caraci F. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Glial Cells: A New Potential Target for Neuroprotection? Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:414. [PMID: 30483053 PMCID: PMC6243036 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation that finally lead to slow neuronal degeneration and death. Although neurons are the principal target, glial cells are important players as they contribute by either exacerbating or dampening the events that lead to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. A dysfunction of the glutamatergic system is a common event in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptors largely expressed in neurons as well as in glial cells. They often appear overexpressed in areas involved in neurodegeneration, where they can modulate glutamatergic transmission. Of note, mGlu receptor upregulation may involve microglia or, even more frequently, astrocytes, where their activation causes release of factors potentially able to influence neuronal death. The expression of mGlu receptors has been also reported on oligodendrocytes, a glial cell type specifically involved in the development of multiple sclerosis. Here we will provide a general overview on the possible involvement of mGlu receptors expressed on glial cells in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders and the potential use of subtype-selective mGlu receptor ligands as candidate drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of mGlu5 receptors might represent a relevant pharmacological tool to develop new neuroprotective strategies in these diseases. Recent evidence suggests that targeting astrocytes and microglia with positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of mGlu3 receptor or oligodendrocytes with mGlu4 PAMS might represent novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Troina, Italy
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Caprioli D, Justinova Z, Venniro M, Shaham Y. Effect of Novel Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors on Drug Self-administration and Relapse: A Review of Preclinical Studies and Their Clinical Implications. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:180-192. [PMID: 29102027 PMCID: PMC5837933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Results from preclinical rodent studies during the last 20 years implicated glutamate neurotransmission in different brain regions in drug self-administration and rodent models of relapse. These results, along with evidence for drug-induced neuroadaptations in glutamatergic neurons and receptors, suggested that addiction might be treatable by medications that inhibit glutamatergic responses to drugs of abuse, drug-associated cues, and stressors. This idea is supported by findings in rodent and primate models that drug self-administration and relapse are reduced by systemic injections of antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) or orthosteric agonists of mGluR2/3. However, these compounds have not advanced to clinical use because of potential side effects and other factors. This state of affairs has led to the development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGluRs. PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs, either of which can inhibit evoked glutamate release, may be suitable for testing in humans. We reviewed results from recent studies of systemically injected PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs in rodents and monkeys, focusing on whether they reduce drug self-administration, reinstatement of drug seeking, and incubation of drug craving. We also review results from rat studies in which PAMs or NAMs of mGluRs were injected intracranially to reduce drug self-administration and reinstatement. We conclude that PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs should be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zuzana Justinova
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jantas D, Grygier B, Zatorska J, Lasoń W. Allosteric and Orthosteric Activators of mGluR8 Differentially Affect the Chemotherapeutic-Induced Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Damage: The Impact of Cell Differentiation State. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:443-451. [PMID: 29753314 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The participation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in cancer growth and progression is still an understudied issue. Based on our recent data on high expression of mGluR8 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, in this study, we evaluated the effect of an mGluR8-specific positive allosteric modulator (PAM: AZ12216052) and orthosteric agonist [(S)-3,4-DCPG ((S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine)] on chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin, irinotecan or cisplatin)-evoked cell damage in undifferentiated (UN-) and retinoic acid-differentiated (RA-) SH-SY5Y cells. The data showed that AZ12216052 as well as a group III mGluR antagonist (UBP1112) but not (S)-3,4-DCPG partially inhibited the cell damage evoked by doxorubicin, irinotecan or cisplatin in UN-SH-SY5Y cells. In RA-SH-SY5Y, we observed only a modest protective effect of mGluR8 PAM. In contrast, both types of mGluR8 activators significantly enhanced toxic effects of doxorubicin and irinotecan in RA-SH-SY5Y cells. These data suggest that in undifferentiated neuroblastoma malignant cells, some mGluR8 modulators can decrease cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics which exclude them from the group of putative anticancer agents. On the other hand, in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated to a more mature neuron-like phenotype, that is non-malignant cells, the mGluR8 activators can aggravate the chemotherapeutic neurotoxicity which is a well-known undesired effect of these drugs. Our pharmacological data add new observations to the unexplored field of research on the role of mGluR8 in cancer, pointing to complexity of response which could be mediated by particular types of mGluR8 ligands at least in neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Grygier
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Zatorska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Fazio F, Ulivieri M, Volpi C, Gargaro M, Fallarino F. Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors for the treatment of neuroinflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 38:16-23. [PMID: 29471184 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation lies at the core of nearly all CNS disorders, including psychiatric disorders. Invading and local immune cells orchestrate the series of events that lead to either tissue repair or damage in response to neuroinflammation. Both lymphocytes and microglia express metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which respond to glutamate or other endogenous activators (e.g. some kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan metabolism) influencing immune phenotype and the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we offer an up-to-date on the role of individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune response, highlighting the relevance of this information in the development of subtype-selective mGlu receptor ligands for treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Ulivieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor and its signaling molecules as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cerebellar disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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