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Fanelli G, Benedetti F, Kasper S, Zohar J, Souery D, Montgomery S, Albani D, Forloni G, Ferentinos P, Rujescu D, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A, Fabbri C. Higher polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia may be suggestive of treatment non-response in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110170. [PMID: 33181205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to 60% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to the first treatment with antidepressants. Response to antidepressants is a polygenic trait, although its underpinning genetics has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate if polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for major psychiatric disorders and trait neuroticism (NEU) were associated with non-response or resistance to antidepressants in MDD. PRSs for bipolar disorder, MDD, NEU, and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed in 1,148 patients with MDD. Summary statistics from the largest meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies were used as base data. Patients were classified as responders, non-responders to one treatment, non-responders to two or more treatments (treatment-resistant depression or TRD). Regression analyses were adjusted for population stratification and recruitment sites. PRSs did not predict either non-response vs response or TRD vs response after Bonferroni correction. However, SCZ-PRS was nominally associated with non-response (p = 0.003). Patients in the highest SCZ-PRS quintile were more likely to be non-responders than those in the lowest quintile (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.21-4.10, p = 0.02). Patients in the lowest SCZ-PRS quintile showed higher response rates when they did not receive augmentation with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), while those in the highest SCZ-PRS quintile had a poor response independently from the treatment strategy (p = 0.009). A higher genetic liability to SCZ may reduce treatment response in MDD, and patients with low SCZ-PRSs may show higher response rates without SGA augmentation. Multivariate approaches and methodological refinements will be necessary before clinical implementations of PRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Médicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Diego Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dan Rujescu
- University Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Repeated fluoxetine treatment induces transient and long-term astrocytic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex of normal adult rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107:110252. [PMID: 33484756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (Flx)-induced neuronal plasticity plays an important role in the effective treatment of depression and mood disorders. It is less understood whether repeated Flx treatment induces astrocytic plasticity that outlasts the presence of the drug in the body. We showed previously that Flx-induced neuronal plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) persisted up to 20 days after the treatment. In this study, adult rats were subjected to a 15-day repeated Flx treatment at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Astrocytic metabolites and markers were assessed in the mPFC at day 1 (d1) and day 20 (d20) after the treatment. Significant transient reductions in the concentrations of astrocytic metabolites taurine and myo-inositol and the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) were observed in the mPFC of Flx-treated rats at d1, which recovered to the control levels at d20. Further, Flx treatment resulted in long-lasting changes in Kir4.1 expression in the mPFC, which remained downregulated at d20. The expression of 5-HT1A receptor in the mPFC of Flx-treated rats was downregulated at d1 but became upregulated at d20. In summary, repeated Flx treatment induces both transient and long-term astrocytic plasticity in the mPFC of adult rats. The changes observed at d1 are consistent with disturbed water homeostasis and astrocytic de-maturation in the mPFC. The persistent changes in the expressions of Kir4.1 and 5-HT1A at d20, presumably of the astrocytic origin, might have contributed to the long-term neurotrophic effects of repeated Flx treatment in the mPFC.
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Zhang L, Liu X, Li T, Xu B, Fu B. Fluoxetine May Enhance VEGF, BDNF and Cognition in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3819-3825. [PMID: 35002241 PMCID: PMC8721155 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s334647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) enhance angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play an important role in neurogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the effect of SSRIs on cognition and serum BDNF and VEGF in patients with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) is largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS It was an open label study. Fifty VCIND patients were randomly allocated to receive fluoxetine (20 mg/d; n = 25) or no fluoxetine (control group; n = 25) for 12 weeks. VCIND patients received fluoxetine 20 mg/d and secondary prevention of stroke for 12 weeks in the fluoxetine group, whereas the control group received only secondary prevention of stroke for 12 weeks. The primary outcome and secondary outcome were of assessment of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) score, Ten Point Clock drawing test score (TPC), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Trail Making Test form a (TMTa), Trail Making Test form b (TMTb) and Digit Span Test score at baseline and week 12 in the both groups. And serum concentration of BDNF and VEGF was also tested at baseline and week 12 in both groups. RESULTS After 12 weeks, TPC scores increased more significantly in the fluoxetine group than in the control group, while TMTa score and TMTb score were decreased more significantly in the fluoxetine group than in the control group. We also found that the serum concentration of BDNF and VEGF in the fluoxetine group increased more significantly than in the control group. However, we found no significant differences in mean change from baseline between fluoxetine and control group in ADAS-Cog score, Digit Span Test score and VFT score. CONCLUSION Fluoxetine may enhance cognition in certain cognitive domains and serum concentration of BDNF and VEGF in patients with VCIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Binfang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, People's Republic of China
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Brymer KJ, Johnston J, Botterill JJ, Romay-Tallon R, Mitchell MA, Allen J, Pinna G, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of Reelin evaluated in the repeated-corticosterone chronic stress paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1707-1716. [PMID: 31926481 PMCID: PMC7419539 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present report examines the effects of repeated or single intrahippocampal Reelin infusions on measures of depressive-like behavior, cognition, and hippocampal neurogenesis in the repeated-corticosterone (CORT) paradigm. Rats received subcutaneous injections of CORT for 3 weeks and Reelin was infused through an inserted canula in the left hippocampus on days 7, 14, and 21, or only on day 21 of CORT injections. CORT increased immobility in the forced-swim test and impaired object-location memory. Notably, these effects were reversed by both repeated and single-Reelin infusions. CORT decreased both the number and complexity of doublecortin-labeled maturing newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, and a single-Reelin infusion increased the number but not complexity of newborn neurons, while repeated Reelin infusions restored both. Injection of the AMPA antagonist CNQX blocked the rescue of the behavioral phenotype by Reelin but did completely block the effects of Reelin on hippocampal neurogenesis. Reelin is able to rescue the deficits in AMPA, NMDA, GABAA receptors, mTOR and p-mTOR induced by CORT. These novel results demonstrate that a single intrahippocampal Reelin infusion into the dorsal hippocampus has fast-acting antidepressant-like effects, and that some of these effects may be at least partially independent of Reelin actions on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Jenessa Johnston
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Justin J Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Lama A, Pirozzi C, Annunziata C, Morgese MG, Senzacqua M, Severi I, Calignano A, Trabace L, Giordano A, Meli R, Mattace Raso G. Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts brain fog improving depressive-like behaviour in obese mice: Possible role of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:845-859. [PMID: 32346865 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is accompanied by metabolic and neurochemical changes that have been associated with depression. Recent studies indicate that palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts metabolic effects and holds neuroprotective potential. However, studies on HFD exposure in mice which investigate the effects of PEA on monoamine system and synaptic plasticity are limited. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In C57Bl/6J male mice, obesity was established by HFD feeding for 12 weeks. Then, mice were treated with ultra-micronized PEA (30 mg·kg-1 daily p.o.) or vehicle for 7 weeks along with HFD. Mice receiving chow diet and vehicle served as controls. Thereafter, depressive-, anhedonic-like behaviour and cognitive performance were measured. Monoamine analyses were performed on brain areas (nucleus accumbens, Nac; prefrontal cortex, PFC; hippocampus), and markers of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis were evaluated in hippocampus. KEY RESULTS PEA limited depressive- and anhedonic-like behaviour, and cognitive deficits induced by HFD. PEA induced an increase in 5-HT levels in PFC, and a reduction of dopamine and 5-HT turnover in Nac and PFC, respectively. Moreover, PEA increased dopamine levels in the hippocampus and PFC. At a molecular level, PEA restored brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway in hippocampus and PFC, indicating an improvement of synaptic plasticity. In particular, PEA counteracted the reduction of glutamatergic synaptic density induced by HFD in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 of the hippocampus, where it also exhibited neurogenesis-promoting abilities. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PEA may represent an adjuvant therapy to limit depressive-like behaviours and memory deficit, affecting monoamine homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Do antidepressants promote neurogenesis in adult hippocampus? A systematic review and meta-analysis on naive rodents. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yi JH, Jeon J, Kwon H, Cho E, Yun J, Lee YC, Ryu JH, Park SJ, Cho JH, Kim DH. Rubrofusarin Attenuates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depressive Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3454. [PMID: 32414166 PMCID: PMC7278964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether rubrofusarin, an active ingredient of the Cassia species, has an antidepressive effect in chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model. Although acute treatment using rubrofusarin failed, chronic treatment using rubrofusarin ameliorated CRS-induced depressive symptoms. Rubrofusarin treatment significantly reduced the number of Fluoro-Jade B-positive cells and caspase-3 activation within the hippocampus of CRS-treated mice. Moreover, rubrofusarin treatment significantly increased the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of CRS-treated mice. CRS induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and regulated development and DNA damage responses, and reductions in the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway activity were also reversed by rubrofusarin treatment. Microglial activation and inflammasome markers, including nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD, which were induced by CRS, were ameliorated by rubrofusarin. Synaptic plasticity dysfunction within the hippocampus was also rescued by rubrofusarin treatment. Within in vitro experiments, rubrofusarin blocked corticosterone-induced long-term potentiation impairments. These were blocked by LY294002, which is an Akt inhibitor. Finally, we found that the antidepressant effects of rubrofusarin were blocked by an intracerebroventricular injection of LY294002. These results suggest that rubrofusarin ameliorated CRS-induced depressive symptoms through PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 169148, Korea;
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.J.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (Y.C.L.)
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Zhang J, Li J, Zhu Y, Miao Z, Tian Y. Forced running exercise mitigates radiation-induced cognitive deficits via regulated DNA hydroxymethylation. Epigenomics 2020; 12:385-396. [PMID: 32041423 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Roles of forced running exercise (FE) in remediation of neurogenesis inhibition and radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction were investigated in a whole-brain irradiation mice model via the regulation of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation modification (5 hmC) and its catalytic enzymes ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins. Materials & methods: Hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, DNA 5 hmC level and Tet expression were determined in mice. Results: The expression of DNA 5 hmC and Tet2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly decreased in hippocampus postradiation. FE mitigated radiation-induced neurogenesis deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, FE increased 5 hmC and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. SC1, a Tet inhibitor, reversed partly such changes. Conclusion: Tet-mediated 5 hmC modification represents a kind of diagnostic biomarkers of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Targeting Tet-related epigenetic modification may be a novel therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou City, 215000, PR China
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