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Rivera-Esteban J, Muñoz-Martínez S, Higuera M, Sena E, Bermúdez-Ramos M, Bañares J, Martínez-Gomez M, Cusidó MS, Jiménez-Masip A, Francque SM, Tacke F, Minguez B, Pericàs JM. Phenotypes of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1774-1789.e8. [PMID: 38604295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops as a consequence of liver cirrhosis, but HCC epidemiology has evolved drastically in recent years. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading cause of HCC. A substantial proportion of MASLD-associated HCC (MASLD-HCC) also can develop in patients without cirrhosis. The specific pathways that trigger carcinogenesis in this context are not elucidated completely, and recommendations for HCC surveillance in MASLD patients are challenging. In the era of precision medicine, it is critical to understand the processes that define the profiles of patients at increased risk of HCC in the MASLD setting, including cardiometabolic risk factors and the molecular targets that could be tackled effectively. Ideally, defining categories that encompass key pathophysiological features, associated with tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies, should facilitate the identification of specific MASLD-HCC phenotypes. In this review, we discuss MASLD-HCC, including its epidemiology and health care burden, the mechanistic data promoting MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and MASLD-HCC. Its natural history, prognosis, and treatment are addressed specifically, as the role of metabolic phenotypes of MASLD-HCC as a potential strategy for risk stratification. The challenges in identifying high-risk patients and screening strategies also are discussed, as well as the potential approaches for MASLD-HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Esteban
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Martínez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sena
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Bermúdez-Ramos
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Gomez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Serra Cusidó
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Jiménez-Masip
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang Z, Meng FY, Lu LZ, Guo QQ, Lv CJ, Tan NH, Deng Z, Chen JY, Zhang ZS, Zou B, Long HP, Zhou Q, Tian S, Mei S, Tian XF. Calculus bovis inhibits M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation to suppress liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3511-3533. [PMID: 39156500 PMCID: PMC11326087 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i29.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calculus bovis (CB), used in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits anti-tumor effects in various cancer models. It also constitutes an integral component of a compound formulation known as Pien Tze Huang, which is indicated for the treatment of liver cancer. However, its impact on the liver cancer tumor microenvironment, particularly on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), is not well understood.
AIM To elucidate the anti-liver cancer effect of CB by inhibiting M2-TAM polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.
METHODS This study identified the active components of CB using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, evaluated its anti-neoplastic effects in a nude mouse model, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms via network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular docking. In vitro assays were used to investigate the effects of CB-containing serum on HepG2 cells and M2-TAMs, and Wnt pathway modulation was validated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.
RESULTS This study identified 22 active components in CB, 11 of which were detected in the bloodstream. Preclinical investigations have demonstrated the ability of CB to effectively inhibit liver tumor growth. An integrated approach employing network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular docking implicated the Wnt signaling pathway as a target of the antineoplastic activity of CB by suppressing M2-TAM polarization. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed that CB significantly hinders M2-TAM polarization and suppresses Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The inhibitory effect of CB on M2-TAMs was reversed when treated with the Wnt agonist SKL2001, confirming its pathway specificity.
CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CB mediates inhibition of M2-TAM polarization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, contributing to the suppression of liver cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan-Ying Meng
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin-Zhu Lu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang-Jun Lv
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nian-Hua Tan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Hepatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe Deng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Shu Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Zou
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Ping Long
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sha Tian
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si Mei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Fei Tian
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Formulas and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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Cabibbo G, Celsa C, Rimassa L, Torres F, Rimola J, Kloeckner R, Bruix J, Cammà C, Reig M. Navigating the landscape of liver cancer management: Study designs in clinical trials and clinical practice. J Hepatol 2024; 80:957-966. [PMID: 38307346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its prognosis is highly heterogeneous, being related not only to tumour burden but also to the severity of underlying chronic liver disease. Moreover, advances in systemic therapies for HCC have increased the complexity of patient management. Randomised-controlled trials represent the gold standard for evidence generation across all areas of medicine and especially in the oncology field, as they allow for unbiased estimates of treatment effect without confounders. Observational studies have many problems that could reduce their internal and external validity. However, large prospective (well-conducted) observational real-world studies can detect rare adverse events or monitor the occurrence of long-term adverse events. How best to harness real world data, which refers to data generated from the routine care of patients, and real-world 'evidence', which is the evidence generated from real-world data, represents an open challenge. In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of the benefits and limitations of different study designs, particularly focusing on randomised-controlled trials and observational studies, to address important and not fully resolved questions in HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cabibbo
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS London, UK
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Ferran Torres
- Biostatistics Unit, Medical School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rimola
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Liver Oncology Unit, Radiology Department, CDI, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Institute of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Lubeck, 23583 Lubeck, Germany
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Reig
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Liver Oncology Unit, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.
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He X, Li K, Wei R, Zuo M, Yao W, Zheng Z, He X, Fu Y, Li C, An C, Liu W. A multitask deep learning radiomics model for predicting the macrotrabecular-massive subtype and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2023; 128:1508-1520. [PMID: 37801197 PMCID: PMC10700409 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) is a special subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has commonly a dismal prognosis. This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning radiomics (MDLR) model for predicting MTM and HCC patients' prognosis after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). METHODS From June 2018 to March 2020, 158 eligible patients with HCC who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled in MTM related cohorts, and 752 HCC patients who underwent HAIC were included in HAIC related cohorts during the same period. DLR features were extracted from dual-phase (arterial phase and venous phase) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the entire liver region. Then, an MDLR model was used for the simultaneous prediction of the MTM subtype and patient prognosis after HAIC. The MDLR model for prognostic risk stratification incorporated DLR signatures, clinical variables and MTM subtype. FINDINGS The predictive performance of the DLR model for the MTM subtype was 0.968 in the training cohort [TC], 0.912 in the internal test cohort [ITC] and 0.773 in the external test cohort [ETC], respectively. Multivariable analysis identified portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (p = 0.012), HAIC response (p < 0.001), HAIC sessions (p < 0.001) and MTM subtype (p < 0.001) as indicators of poor prognosis. After incorporating DLR signatures, the MDLR model yielded the best performance among all models (AUC, 0.855 in the TC, 0.805 in the ITC and 0.792 in the ETC). With these variables, the MDLR model provided two risk strata for overall survival (OS) in the TC: low risk (5-year OS, 44.9%) and high risk (5-year OS, 4.9%). INTERPRETATION A tool based on MDLR was developed to consider that the MTM is an important prognosis factor for HCC patients. MDLR showed outstanding performance for the prognostic risk stratification of HCC patients who underwent HAIC and may help physicians with therapeutic decision making and surveillance strategy selection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei He
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxuan Zuo
- Department of Minimal Invasive Intervention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechen Zheng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese, Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese, Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical, Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao An
- Department of Minimal Invasive Intervention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wendao Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese, Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Kong J, Xu S, Dai Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang P. Study of the Fe 3O 4@ZIF-8@Sor Composite Modified by Tannic Acid for the Treatment of Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39174-39185. [PMID: 37901534 PMCID: PMC10601084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents fail in clinical chemotherapy in the absence of targeting and acquired resistance. We, therefore, synthesized Fe3O4@ZIF-8@Sor@TA nanocomposite drugs based on the drug delivery properties of nanomaterials. ZIF-8 is a nanomaterial with a porous structure that can load anticancer drugs. The nanodrug used the paramagnetic property of Fe3O4 to deliver sorafenib (Sor) precisely to the tumor site, then used the pH responsiveness of ZIF-8 to slowly release Sor in the tumor microenvironment, and finally used tannic acid (TA) to inhibit P-glycoprotein to suppress the Sor resistance. The results of material characterization presented that the prepared material was structurally stable and was able to achieve a cumulative drug release of 38.2% at pH 5.0 for 72 h. The good biocompatibility of the composite was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments, which could improve antitumor activity and reduce Sor resistance through magnetic targeting TA. In conclusion, the Fe3O4@ZIF-8@Sor@TA material prepared in this study demonstrated high antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, promising to reduce drug resistance and providing a novel research approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University
of Medicine, Xiangyang City 441000, China
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Xu Z, Ye Z, Tang Y, Deng D, Zhou Q, Fang M, Zhang Y, Li X. Cost-effectiveness analysis of sintilimab plus IBI305 versus sorafenib for unresectable hepatic cell carcinoma in China. Cancer Med 2023; 12:14871-14880. [PMID: 37434398 PMCID: PMC10417160 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sintilimab combined with IBI305 treatment regimen had potential clinical benefits than sorafenib in the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatic cell carcinoma (HCC). However, whether sintilimab plus IBI305 has economic benefits in China remains unclear. METHODS From the perspective of Chinese payers, we used the Markov model to simulate patients with HCC receiving treatment with sintilimab plus IBI305 and sorafenib. The transition probability between health states was estimated using the parametric survival model, and the cumulative medical costs and utility of the two treatment methods were estimated. Considering the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) as the evaluation index, sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the impact of uncertainty on the results. RESULTS Compared to sorafenib, sintilimab plus IBI305 generated an additional $17552.17 and 0.33 quality-adjusted life years, resulting in an ICER of $52817.89. The analysis outcomes were most sensitive to the total cost of sintilimab plus IBI305. With a willingness-to-pay threshold of $38,334, sintilimab plus IBI305 showed a 1.28% probability of being cost-effective. The total cost of sintilimab plus IBI305 should be reduced by at least 31.9% to be accepted by Chinese payers. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of whether the price of sintilimab plus IBI305 and sorafenib is covered by Medicare, sintilimab plus IBI305 is unlikely to be cost-effective for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhuo‐miao Ye
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yu‐kai Tang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dong‐feng Deng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Man Fang
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying‐ying Zhang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiang‐ping Li
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Yao H, Yu S, Luo Y, Wang M, Wang X, Xu S, Chen Y, Xie Z. Effects of plasma-derived exosomes from the normal and thin Bactrian camels on hepatocellular carcinoma and their differences at transcriptome and proteomics levels. Front Oncol 2023; 13:994340. [PMID: 36816960 PMCID: PMC9933125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.994340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant primary tumor. Bactrian camels have high economic and social values, but their potential medical value has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bactrian camel plasma-derived exosomes on HCC. Methods Plasma was obtained from thin and normal Bactrian camels, and used to isolate exosomes by ultracentrifugation. The exosomes were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Nano particle tracking analyzer. In vivo imaging of nude mice and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining of liver tissues were used to explore the effects of the exosomes on tumor growth. Finally, the differences of the two exosomes were further analyzed using small RNA sequencing and proteomics. Results In vivo imaging and HE staining showed that no significant differences were found in fluorescence value and liver tissue morphology between the control mice and the mice treated with the exosomes from thin Bactrian camels; while the fluorescence value and the live histology changes were alleviated in the mice with the exosomes from normal Bactrian camels. After sequencing and proteomic analysis, 40 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs, 15 down-regulated and 25 up-regulated) and 172 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 77 up-regulated and 95 down-regulated) were identified in the plasma-derived exosomes from normal Bactrian camels. These identified DE-miRNAs and DEPs were significantly enriched in many signaling pathways. Conclusions Normal Bactrian camel plasma-derived exosomes may inhibit the growth of HCC cells through regulating pathways of Ras, Ras-Association Proximate 1 (Rap1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and canonical Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Siriguleng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China,*Correspondence: Siriguleng Yu,
| | - Yuchen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Department of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Siriguleng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhifeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Liu K, Wu J, Xu Y, Li D, Huang S, Mao Y. Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib with or without PD-1 Inhibitors as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real-World Clinical Practice. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1079-1094. [PMID: 36212725 PMCID: PMC9534176 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s383685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regorafenib is the first oral targeted drug as a second-line agent in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who progressed on sorafenib treatment. Recently, several studies demonstrated that the combination of regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitors showed a synergistic effect. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of regorafenib with PD-1 inhibitors (RP) and regorafenib alone (R) as second-line treatment for advanced HCC. Methods From October 2018 to January 2022, our retrospective study evaluated advanced HCC patients who received regorafenib with PD-1 inhibitors or regorafenib alone as a second-line treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China. The efficacy and safety were compared between RP and R groups. Results In total, 78 patients were enrolled in our study and were separated into two groups – RP group (48) and R group (30) – according to the criteria. The ORR of RP group and R group was 18.8% and 10%, respectively, and the DCR was 66.7% and 43.3%, respectively. The RP group had a longer mPFS (5.9 months vs 3.0 months, P<0.001) and mOS (12.9 months vs 10.3 months, P=0.010) than the R group. Regorafenib monotherapy is an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. In OS, subgroup analysis showed that patients with AFP ≥ 400ng/mL, BCLC C stage and extrahepatic metastasis may benefit from RP, while in PFS, subgroup analysis showed that patients with BCLC C stage, AFP ≥ 400ng/mL, extrahepatic metastasis, ALBI ≥-2.60 and first-line treatment of sorafenib may benefit from RP. The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse reaction in the two groups was 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively, with no significant statistically difference (P=0.966). Conclusion In the second-line therapy of advanced HCC, compared to regorafenib alone, the combination of regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitors showed promising efficacy and tolerable drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Xu
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenlang Huang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Mao
- Department of Digestive Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ye Mao, Email
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Byrne FL, Olzomer EM, Lolies N, Hoehn KL, Wegner MS. Update on Glycosphingolipids Abundance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094477. [PMID: 35562868 PMCID: PMC9102297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Low numbers of HCC patients being suitable for liver resection or transplantation and multidrug resistance development during pharmacotherapy leads to high death rates for HCC patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC etiology may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of HCC. UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), a key enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism, generates glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is the precursor for all glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Since UGCG gene expression is altered in 0.8% of HCC tumors, GSLs may play a role in cellular processes in liver cancer cells. Here, we discuss the current literature about GSLs and their abundance in normal liver cells, Gaucher disease and HCC. Furthermore, we review the involvement of UGCG/GlcCer in multidrug resistance development, globosides as a potential prognostic marker for HCC, gangliosides as a potential liver cancer stem cell marker, and the role of sulfatides in tumor metastasis. Only a limited number of molecular mechanisms executed by GSLs in HCC are known, which we summarize here briefly. Overall, the role GSLs play in HCC progression and their ability to serve as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for HCC, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Ellen M. Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Nina Lolies
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Yang JR, Wang J, Li HM, Gao S, Fan YC, Wang K. IL-6 Promoter Hypomethylation Acts As a Diagnostic Biomarker in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:746643. [PMID: 35359408 PMCID: PMC8962649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.746643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New biomarkers are needed to detect hepatocellular carcinoma at an earlier stage and to individualize treatment strategies. IL-6 has been proven to be associated with liver cancer in numerous studies. Aim To evaluate the value of the IL-6 promoter methylation level as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of liver cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 165 patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 198 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 31 healthy controls were involved. The methylight was detected the methylation level of the IL-6 promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained. Results IL-6 promoter methylation levels were significantly lower in patients with HCC (median 53.59%, interquartile range 52.01–54.75%) than in those with CHB (median 56.05%, interquartile range 54.65–57.67%; P<0.001). The level of IL-6 mRNA in patients with HCC (median 0.371, interquartile range 0.173-0.671) was significantly higher than that in patients with CHB (median 0.203, interquartile range 0.108-0.354; P<0.001) and HCs (median 0.189, interquartile range 0.140-0.262; P=0.001). Meanwhile, the PMR value of IL-6 was notably negatively correlated with the mRNA expression level (Spearman’s R=-0.201, P<0.001). The IL-6 PMR value of HCC patients in age (Spearman’s R=0.193, P=0.026) and TBIL (Spearman’s R=0.186, P=0.032) were very weak correlated. At the same time, the level of IL-6 promoter methylation was also an independent factor in the development of liver cancer. When the IL-6 promoter methylation level was used to diagnose HCC, its detective value was superior to AFP [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.773 vs. 0.686, P=0.027], And the combined use of AFP and IL-6 methylation level can improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (p=0.011). Conclusion IL-6 promoter hypomethylation is present in hepatocellular carcinoma, and it may be used as a noninvasive biomarker to detect early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Ming Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ;
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A Pyroptosis-Based Prognostic Model for Immune Microenvironment Estimation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8109771. [PMID: 35047095 PMCID: PMC8763514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an aggressive malignant tumor, has a high incidence and unfavorable prognosis. Recently, the synergistic effect of pyroptosis in antitumor therapy and regulation of tumor immune microenvironment has made it possible to become a novel therapeutic method, but its potential mechanism still needs further exploration. Methods Differentially expressed genes with prognostic value in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LIHC) cohort were screened and incorporated into the risk signature by Cox proportional hazards regression model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to conduct survival comparisons and estimate prediction ability. The dataset of Liver Cancer-RIKEN, Japan Project from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-LIRI-JP) cohort was used to verify the reliability of the signature. Correlation analysis between clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration, drug sensitivities, and risk scores was conducted. Functional annotation analyses were performed for the genes differentially expressed between high-risk and low-risk groups. Results A risk signature consisting of 6 pyroptosis-related genes in HCC was developed and validated. KM curves and ROC curves revealed its considerable predictive accuracy. Higher risk scores meant more advanced grade, higher alpha-fetoprotein level, and stronger invasive ability. Overexpressed genes in high-risk population were more enriched in the immune-associated pathways, and these patients might be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors instead of Sorafenib. Intriguingly, 6 identified genes were promising to be prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HCC. Conclusions The signature may have crucial clinical significance in predicting survival prognosis, immune infiltration, and drug efficacy based on pyroptosis-related genes.
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Synthetic Tryptanthrin Derivatives Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via Akt and MAPKs in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111527. [PMID: 34829756 PMCID: PMC8615277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trytanthrin, found in Ban-Lan-Gen, is a natural product containing an indoloquinazoline moiety and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Chronic inflammation and hepatitis B are known to be associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, a series of tryptanthrin derivatives were synthesized to generate potent anti-tumor agents against HCC. This effort yielded two compounds, A1 and A6, that exhibited multi-fold higher cytotoxicity in HCC cells than the parent compound. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that A1 and A6 caused S-phase arrest and downregulated the expression of cyclin A1, B1, CDK2, and p-CDC2. In addition to inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis, A1 and A6 exhibited similar regulation of the phosphorylation or expression of multiple signaling targets, including Akt, NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. The anti-tumor activities of A1 and A6 were also attributable to the generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by an increase in p-p53 levels. Therefore, A1 and A6 have potential clinical applications since they target diverse aspects of cancer cell growth in HCC.
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Kim MY, Lee H, Ji SY, Kim SY, Hwangbo H, Park SH, Kim GY, Park C, Leem SH, Hong SH, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis by Isoalantolactone in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells through Activation of the ROS-Dependent JNK Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101627. [PMID: 34683920 PMCID: PMC8540929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone (IALT) is one of the isomeric sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. IALT is known to possess various biological and pharmacological activities, but its anti-cancer mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of IALT in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to evaluate the potential anti-cancer mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that IALT treatment concentration-dependently suppressed the cell survival of HCC Hep3B cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. IALT increased the expression of death-receptor-related proteins, activated caspases, and induced Bid truncation, subsequently leading to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, IALT contributed to the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by destroying mitochondrial integrity, following an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. However, IALT-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly attenuated in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting that IALT induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, IALT activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, and the anti-cancer effect of IALT was significantly diminished in the presence of a potent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. IALT also improved the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the ROS inhibitor significantly abrogated IALT-induced growth reduction, apoptosis, and JNK activation. Furthermore, ROS-dependent apoptosis was revealed as a mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity of IALT in a 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model of Hep3B cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that IALT exhibited anti-cancer activity in HCC Hep3B cells by inducing ROS-dependent activation of the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduated of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-890-3334 (S.H.H.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-890-3334 (S.H.H.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
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