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Giorgi M, Pellegrini M, Massimi M. Role of Phosphodiesterases in Biology and Pathology 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5339. [PMID: 38791377 PMCID: PMC11121124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP second messengers temporally, spatially, and integratedly according to their expression and compartmentalization inside the cell [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Campolo F, Assenza MR, Venneri MA, Barbagallo F. Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087617. [PMID: 37108780 PMCID: PMC10146088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Assenza
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Phosphodiesterase 5a Signalling in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010703. [PMID: 36614143 PMCID: PMC9820699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) is involved in cGMP hydrolysis, regulating many physiological processes. Increased activity of PDE5A has been found in several pathological conditions, and the pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications. We have identified the presence of three different Pde5a isoforms in cardiomyocytes, and we have found that the expression of specific Pde5a isoforms may have a causal role in the onset of pathological responses in these cells. In our previous study, we demonstrated that PDE5A inhibition could ameliorate muscular dystrophy by acting at different levels, as assessed by the altered genomic response of muscular cells following treatment with the PDE5A inhibitor tadalafil. Thus, considering the importance of PDE5A in various pathophysiological conditions, we further investigated the regulation of this enzyme. Here, we analysed the expression of Pde5a isoforms in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. We found that skeletal muscle tissues and myogenic cells express Pde5a1 and Pde5a2 isoforms, and we observed an increased expression of Pde5a1 in damaged skeletal muscles, while Pde5a2 levels remained unchanged. We also cloned and characterized the promoters that control the transcription of Pde5a isoforms, investigating which of the transcription factors predicted by bioinformatics analysis could be involved in their modulation. In conclusion, we found an overexpression of Pde5a1 in compromised muscle and identified an involvement of MyoD and Runx1 in Pde5a1 transcriptional activity.
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Basile L, Marino M, La Vignera S. Is sildenafil a doping drug in hypoxic conditions? Aging Male 2022; 25:156-158. [PMID: 35612871 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2079628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Basile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Degjoni A, Campolo F, Stefanini L, Venneri MA. The NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in platelets: The therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2465-2474. [PMID: 35950928 PMCID: PMC9805178 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating platelets in a quiescent state, the endothelium releases platelet antagonists including nitric oxide (NO) that acts by stimulating the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC). The latter produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) that inhibits platelet activation by stimulating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates hundreds of intracellular targets. Intracellular cGMP pools are tightly regulated by a fine balance between GC and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP-specific PDE, broadly expressed in most tissues in humans and rodents. In clinical practice, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and lower urinary tract symptoms. However, several studies have shown that PDE5i may ameliorate the outcome of various other conditions, like heart failure and stroke. Interestingly, NO donors and cGMP analogs increase the capacity of anti-platelet drugs targeting the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) receptor to block platelet aggregation, and preclinical studies have shown that PDE5i inhibits platelet functions. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PDE5i on platelet activation and aggregation focusing on the therapeutic potential of PDE5i in platelet disorders, and the outcomes of a combined therapy with PDE5i and NO donors to inhibit platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Cardarelli S, Miele AE, Campolo F, Massimi M, Mancini P, Biagioni S, Naro F, Giorgi M, Saliola M. Cellular Redox Metabolism Is Modulated by the Distinct Localization of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 5A Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158587. [PMID: 35955722 PMCID: PMC9368758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cAMP and/or cGMP hydrolyzing enzymes, components of transduction pathways regulating crucial aspects of cell life. Among them, cGMP-specific PDE5—being a regulator of vascular smooth muscle contraction—is the molecular target of several drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Production of full-length murine PDE5A isoforms in the milk-yeast Kluyveromyces lactis showed that the quaternary assembly of MmPDE5A1 is a mixture of dimers and tetramers, while MmPDE5A2 and MmPDE5A3 only assembled as dimers. We showed that the N-terminal peptide is responsible for the tetramer assembly of MmPDE5A1, while that of the MmPDE5A2 is responsible for its mitochondrial localization. Overexpression of the three isoforms alters at different levels the cAMP/cGMP equilibrium as well as the NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H balance and induces a metabolic switch from oxidative to fermentative. In particular, the mitochondrial localization of MmPDE5A2 unveiled the existence of a cAMP-cGMP signaling cascade in this organelle, for which we propose a metabolic model that could explain the role of PDE5 in some cardiomyopathies and some of the side effects of its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- UMR 5280 ISA-CNRS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de La Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Mara Massimi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
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Tadalafil and Steroid Hormones Interactions in Adipose, Bone and Prostate Tissues: Focus on Translational Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084191. [PMID: 35457011 PMCID: PMC9024809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) -associated symptoms. Besides its classical actions on PDE5 within the genitourinary tract, where the specific enzyme expression is maximal, it may exert different systemic effects. This is mainly due to the pleiotropic distribution of PDE5 enzyme throughout the human (and animal) body, where it can exert protective effects in different clinical conditions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that tadalafil may display novel actions on androgen receptor (AR) expression and activity and cytochrome P19a1 (Cyp19a1) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression in different in vitro systems, such as adipose, bone and prostate cancer cells, where it can act as a selective modulator of steroid hormone production. This may determine novel potential mechanism(s) of control in pathophysiologic pathways. In this review, we summarize basic research and translational results applicable to the use of tadalafil in the treatment of obesity, bone loss and prostate cancer.
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Brunetti A, Aversa A. Editorial overview: 'Caring for diabetes in its complexity: From targetable metabolic-organ crosstalk to novel drug interactions'. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102185. [PMID: 35180459 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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