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Panarello S, González-Díez A, Berizzi AE, Malhaire F, Borràs-Tudurí R, Rovira X, Serra C, Prézeau L, Pin JP, Goudet C, Llebaria A, Gómez-Santacana X. Photoswitchable positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 to improve selectivity. iScience 2024; 27:110123. [PMID: 38966572 PMCID: PMC11223089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) regulate multiple functions in the nervous systems and are involved in several neurological disorders. However, selectively targeting individual mGlu subtypes with spatiotemporal precision is still an unmet need. Photopharmacology can address this concern through the utilization of photoswitchable compounds such as optogluram, which is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGlu4 that enables the precise control of physiological responses using light but does not have an optimal selectivity profile. Optogluram analogs were developed to obtain photoswitchable PAMs of mGlu4 receptor with an improved selectivity. Among them, optogluram-2 emerged as a photoswitchable ligand for mGlu4 receptor with activity as both PAM and allosteric agonists. It presents a higher selectivity and offers improved photoswitching of mGlu4 activity. These improved properties make optogluram-2 an excellent candidate to study the role of mGlu4 with a high spatiotemporal precision in systems where mGlu4 can be co-expressed with other mGlu receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panarello
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Organic Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix González-Díez
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Organic Chemistry of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Serra
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez-Santacana
- MCS, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia – CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5203 CNRS and U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier, France
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2
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Piantadosi SC, Lee MK, Wu M, Huynh H, Avila R, Pizzano C, Zamorano CA, Wu Y, Xavier R, Stanslaski M, Kang J, Thai S, Kim Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Kozorovitskiy Y, Good CH, Banks AR, Rogers JA, Bruchas MR. An integrated microfluidic and fluorescence platform for probing in vivo neuropharmacology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594203. [PMID: 38798493 PMCID: PMC11118345 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurotechnologies and genetic tools for dissecting neural circuit functions have advanced rapidly over the past decade, although the development of complementary pharmacological method-ologies has comparatively lagged. Understanding the precise pharmacological mechanisms of neuroactive compounds is critical for advancing basic neurobiology and neuropharmacology, as well as for developing more effective treatments for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, integrating modern tools for assessing neural activity in large-scale neural networks with spatially localized drug delivery remains a major challenge. Here, we present a dual microfluidic-photometry platform that enables simultaneous intracranial drug delivery with neural dynamics monitoring in the rodent brain. The integrated platform combines a wireless, battery-free, miniaturized fluidic microsystem with optical probes, allowing for spatially and temporally specific drug delivery while recording activity-dependent fluorescence using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), neurotransmitter sensors GRAB NE and GRAB DA , and neuropeptide sensors. We demonstrate the performance this platform for investigating neuropharmacological mechanisms in vivo and characterize its efficacy in probing precise mechanistic actions of neuroactive compounds across several rapidly evolving neuroscience domains.
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Coene J, Wilms S, Verhelst SHL. Photopharmacology of Protease Inhibitors: Current Status and Perspectives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303999. [PMID: 38224181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Proteases are involved in many essential biological processes. Dysregulation of their activity underlies a wide variety of human diseases. Photopharmacology, as applied on various classes of proteins, has the potential to assist protease research by enabling spatiotemporal control of protease activity. Moreover, it may be used to decrease side-effects of protease-targeting drugs. In this review, we discuss the current status of the chemical design of photoactivatable proteases inhibitors and their biological application. Additionally, we give insight into future possibilities for further development of this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Coene
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Wilms
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Steinmüller SAM, Odaybat M, Galli G, Prischich D, Fuchter MJ, Decker M. Arylazobenzimidazoles: versatile visible-light photoswitches with tuneable Z-isomer stability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5360-5367. [PMID: 38577348 PMCID: PMC10988581 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole heterocycles are of great importance in medicinal chemistry due to their applicability to a wide range of pharmacological targets, therefore representing a prototypical "privileged structure". In photopharmacology, azoheteroarene photoswitches have emerged as valuable tools for a variety of applications due to the high tuneability of their photophysical properties. Benzimidazole-based photoswitches could therefore enable the optically-controlled investigation of many pharmacological targets and find application in materials science. Here we report a combined experimental and computational investigation of such arylazobenzimidazoles, which allowed us to identify derivatives with near-quantitative bidirectional photoswitching using visible light and highly tuneable Z-isomer stability. We further demonstrate that arylazobenzimidazoles bearing a free benzimidazole N-H group not only exhibit efficient bidirectional photoswitching, but also excellent thermal Z-isomer stability, contrary to previously reported fast-relaxing Z-isomers of N-H azoheteroarenes. Finally, we describe derivatives which can be reversibly isomerized with cyan and red light, thereby enabling significantly "red-shifted" photocontrol over prior azoheteroarenes. The understanding gained in this study should enable future photopharmacological efforts by employing photoswitches based on the privileged benzimidazole structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A M Steinmüller
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Magdalena Odaybat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Davia Prischich
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Dumazer A, Gómez-Santacana X, Malhaire F, Jopling C, Maurel D, Lebon G, Llebaria A, Goudet C. Optical Control of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Using Istradefylline Photosensitivity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:645-655. [PMID: 38275568 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of inhibitors of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nevertheless, the widespread expression of A2AR throughout the body emphasizes the importance of temporally and spatially selective ligands. Photopharmacology is an emerging strategy that utilizes photosensitive ligands to attain high spatiotemporal precision and regulate the function of biomolecules using light. In this study, we combined photochemistry and cellular and in vivo photopharmacology to investigate the light sensitivity of the FDA-approved antagonist istradefylline and its potential use as an A2AR photopharmacological tool. Our findings reveal that istradefylline exhibits rapid trans-to-cis isomerization under near-UV light, and prolonged exposure results in the formation of photocycloaddition products. We demonstrate that exposure to UV light triggers a time-dependent decrease in the antagonistic activity of istradefylline in A2AR-expressing cells and enables real-time optical control of A2AR signaling in living cells and zebrafish. Together, these data demonstrate that istradefylline is a photoinactivatable A2AR antagonist and that this property can be utilized to perform photopharmacological experiments in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Dumazer
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez-Santacana
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Maurel
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Lebon
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Josa-Culleré L, Llebaria A. Visible-Light-Controlled Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1909-1927. [PMID: 36654474 PMCID: PMC9949698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The lack of selectivity of anticancer drugs limits current chemotherapy. Light-activatable drugs, whose activity can be precisely controlled with external light, could provide a more localized action of the drugs in the tumor, thus decreasing side effects and increasing efficacy. Herein, we introduce a series of photoswitchable azobenzene histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) whose activity can be controlled by external visible light. Initial HDACis isomerized under ultraviolet light and were up to >50-fold more active under illumination than in the dark in enzyme assays. These were then optimized toward compounds responding to more permeable and less harmful green light by introducing o-halogen atoms into the azobenzene. Selected compounds decreased cell viability only under illumination in four different cancer cell lines. Overall, we present photoswitchable HDACis with optimized activation wavelengths, which inhibit enzyme activity and cell viability only upon illumination with visible light, contributing to the still limited toolbox of photoswitchable anticancer drugs.
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