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Giri A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. Modulation of neural circuits by melatonin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3867-3895. [PMID: 38225412 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are two broad categories of neurological disorders characterized by progressive impairments in movement and cognitive functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems, and have emerged as a significant cause of mortality. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter imbalances are recognized as prominent pathogenic factors contributing to cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral anomalies. Consequently, preventing neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases has surfaced as a pivotal challenge in contemporary public health. This review explores the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders using both synthetic and natural bioactive compounds. A central focus lies on melatonin, a neuroregulatory hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to light-dark cycles. Melatonin, an amphiphilic molecule, assumes multifaceted roles, including scavenging free radicals, modulating energy metabolism, and synchronizing circadian rhythms. Noteworthy for its robust antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin exhibits diverse neuroprotective effects. The inherent attributes of melatonin position it as a potential key player in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated melatonin's efficacy in alleviating neuropathological symptoms across neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). The documented neuroprotective prowess of melatonin introduces novel therapeutic avenues for addressing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This comprehensive review encompasses many of melatonin's applications in treating diverse brain disorders. Despite the strides made, realizing melatonin's full neuroprotective potential necessitates further rigorous clinical investigations. By unravelling the extended neuroprotective benefits of melatonin, future studies promise to deepen our understanding and augment the therapeutic implications against neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66, Blagoevgrad, 2700, Bulgaria
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Sahu M, Tripathi R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Cross talk mechanism of disturbed sleep patterns in neurological and psychological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104767. [PMID: 35811007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders continue to increase in the elderly populace, particularly those suffering from neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This not only affects the quality of life but also accelerates the progression of the disease. There are many reasons behind sleep disturbances in such patients, for instance, medication use, nocturia, obesity, environmental factors, nocturnal motor disturbances and depressive symptoms. This review focuses on the mechanism and effects of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Wherein we discuss disturbed circadian rhythm, signaling cascade and regulation of genes during sleep deprivation. Moreover, we explain the perturbation in brainwaves during disturbed sleep and the ocular perspective of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric manifestations in sleep disorders. Further, as the pharmacological approach is often futile and carries side effects, therefore, the non-pharmacological approach opens newer possibilities to treat these disorders and widens the landscape of treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India.
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
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Sanchez REA, Kalume F, de la Iglesia HO. Sleep timing and the circadian clock in mammals: Past, present and the road ahead. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:3-14. [PMID: 34092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all mammals display robust daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. These approximately 24-h cycles, known as circadian rhythms, are driven by a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and affect biological processes ranging from metabolism to immune function. Perhaps the most overt output of the circadian clock is the sleep-wake cycle, the integrity of which is critical for health and homeostasis of the organism. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep. We discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying daily sleep timing, and the trajectory of circadian regulation of sleep across development. We conclude by proposing future research priorities for the field that will significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E A Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Franck Kalume
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Panagiotou M, Michel S, Meijer JH, Deboer T. The aging brain: sleep, the circadian clock and exercise. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114563. [PMID: 33857490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process likely stemming from damage accumulation and/or a decline in maintenance and repair mechanisms in the organisms that eventually determine their lifespan. In our review, we focus on the morphological and functional alterations that the aging brain undergoes affecting sleep and the circadian clock in both human and rodent models. Although both species share mammalian features, differences have been identified on several experimental levels, which we outline in this review. Additionally, we delineate some challenges on the preferred analysis and we suggest that a uniform route is followed so that findings can be smoothly compared. We conclude by discussing potential interventions and highlight the influence of physical exercise as a beneficial lifestyle intervention, and its effect on healthy aging and longevity. We emphasize that even moderate age-matched exercise is able to ameliorate several aging characteristics as far as sleep and circadian rhythms are concerned, independent of the species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panagiotou
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - S Michel
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J H Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - T Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Brancaccio M, Wolfes AC, Ness N. Astrocyte Circadian Timekeeping in Brain Health and Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:87-110. [PMID: 34773228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brancaccio
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Anne C Wolfes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Ness
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
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