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Schintu S, Kravitz DJ, Silson EH, Cunningham CA, Wassermann EM, Shomstein S. Dynamic changes in spatial representation within the posterior parietal cortex in response to visuomotor adaptation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3651-3663. [PMID: 35989306 PMCID: PMC10068280 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) population receptive field (pRF) mapping to demonstrate that retinotopic organization extends from the primary visual cortex to ventral and dorsal visual pathways, by quantifying visual field maps, receptive field size, and laterality throughout multiple areas. Visuospatial representation in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is modulated by attentional deployment, raising the question of whether spatial representation in the PPC is dynamic and flexible, and whether this flexibility contributes to visuospatial learning. To answer this question, changes in spatial representation within the PPC and early visual cortex were recorded with pRF mapping before and after prism adaptation (PA)-a well-established visuomotor technique that modulates visuospatial attention according to the direction of the visual displacement. As predicted, results showed that adaptation to left-shifting prisms increases pRF size in left PPC, while leaving space representation in the early visual cortex unchanged. This is the first evidence that PA drives a dynamic reorganization of response profiles in the PPC. These findings show that spatial representations in the PPC not only reflect changes driven by attentional deployment but dynamically change in response to modulation of external factors such as manipulation of the visuospatial input during visuomotor adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schintu
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, 2125 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Center for Mind/BrainSciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben, 5/B, Rovereto, TN, 38068, Italy
| | - D J Kravitz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, 2125 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - E H Silson
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - C A Cunningham
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - E M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - S Shomstein
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, 2125 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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A registered re-examination of the effects of leftward prism adaptation on landmark judgements in healthy people. Cortex 2023; 158:139-157. [PMID: 36529083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that active adaptation to a shift of the visual field, caused by laterally-displacing prisms, induces short-term sensorimotor aftereffects. More recent evidence suggests that prism adaptation may also stimulate higher-level changes in spatial cognition, which can modify the spatial biases of healthy people. The first reported, and most replicated, higher-level aftereffect is a rightward shift in the point of subjective equality (PSE) for a perceptual bisection task (the landmark task), following adaptation to leftward prisms. A recent meta-analysis suggests that this visuospatial aftereffect should be robustly induced by an extended period of adaptation to strong leftward prisms (15°, ∼26.8 prism dioptres). However, we have been unable to replicate this effect, suggesting that the effect size estimated from prior literature might be over-optimistic. This Registered Report compared visuospatial aftereffects on the landmark task for a 15° leftward prism adaptation group (n = 102) against a sham-adaptation control group (n = 102). The effect size for the comparison was Cohen's d = .27, 95% CI [-.01, .55], which did not pass the criterion set for significance. A Bayesian analysis indicated that the data were more than 4.1 times as likely under the null than under an informed experimental hypothesis. Exploratory analyses showed no evidence for a rightward shift of landmark judgements in the prism group considered alone, and no relationship between sensorimotor and visuospatial aftereffects. We further found no support for previous suggestions that visuospatial aftereffects are modulated by a person's baseline bias (leftward or rightward) for the landmark task. Null findings are also presented for a preliminary group of 62 participants adapted to 15° leftward prisms, and an additional group of 29 participants adapted to 10° leftward prisms. We do not rule out the possibility that leftward prisms might induce higher-level visuospatial aftereffects in healthy people, but we should be more sceptical about this claim.
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Using prism adaptation to alleviate perception of unilateral tinnitus: A case study. Cortex 2022; 157:197-210. [PMID: 36335820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is described as an uncomfortable sound or noise heard by an individual in the absence of an external sound source. Treating this phantom perception remains difficult even if drug and nondrug therapies are used to alleviate symptoms. The present case study aimed to investigate whether prism adaptation could induce beneficial aftereffects in a tinnitus sufferer. A 75-year-old man, R. B., with chronic unilateral tinnitus in the left ear reported a self-estimation of parameters of his tinnitus-discomfort, pitch and loudness-and performed a manual line-bisection task to study the consequences of lateralized auditory disorder on spatial representation. Aftereffects of prism adaptation were assessed using a sensorimotor open-loop pointing task. In parallel, a control group completed the line-bisection task and the open-loop pointing task before and after lens exposure, under the same experimental condition as those of R. B. Throughout the pretests, the patient assessed his tinnitus at a constant medium pitch (around 3000 Hz), and he was biased toward the affected ear in both the sensorimotor task and the estimation of the subjective center in the manual line-bisection task. Although both optical deviations were effective, an exposure to prism adaptation to a rightward optical deviation (i.e., toward the unaffected ear) produced stronger aftereffects. In posttests, the tinnitus pitch decreased to 50 Hz and the subjective center was shifted toward the right side (i.e., unaffected ear side). Furthermore, the line-bisection task seemed to reflect the changes in the tinnitus perception, and spatial representation could be a new tool to assess tinnitus indirectly. Our findings suggest that prism adaptation may have benefits on unilateral tinnitus and open a new avenue for its treatment.
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Schintu S, Gotts SJ, Freedberg M, Shomstein S, Wassermann EM. Effective connectivity underlying neural and behavioral components of prism adaptation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:915260. [PMID: 36118425 PMCID: PMC9479732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) is a form of visuomotor training that produces both sensorimotor and cognitive aftereffects depending on the direction of the visual displacement. Recently, a neural framework explaining both types of PA-induced aftereffects has been proposed, but direct evidence for it is lacking. We employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a form of effective connectivity analysis, to establish directionality among connected nodes of the brain network thought to subserve PA. The findings reveal two distinct network branches: (1) a loop involving connections from the parietal cortices to the right parahippocampal gyrus, and (2) a branch linking the lateral premotor cortex to the parahippocampal gyrus via the cerebellum. Like the sensorimotor aftereffects, the first branch exhibited qualitatively different modulations for left versus right PA, and critically, changes in these connections were correlated with the magnitude of the sensorimotor aftereffects. Like the cognitive aftereffects, changes in the second branch were qualitatively similar for left and right PA, with greater change for left PA and a trend correlation with cognitive aftereffects. These results provide direct evidence that PA is supported by two functionally distinct subnetworks, a parietal–temporal network responsible for sensorimotor aftereffects and a fronto-cerebellar network responsible for cognitive aftereffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Schintu
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Trentino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Selene Schintu,
| | - Stephen J. Gotts
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Freedberg
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Shomstein
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eric M. Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Clarke S, Farron N, Crottaz-Herbette S. Choosing Sides: Impact of Prismatic Adaptation on the Lateralization of the Attentional System. Front Psychol 2022; 13:909686. [PMID: 35814089 PMCID: PMC9260393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal studies revealed differences between the effect of adaptation to left- vs. right-deviating prisms (L-PA, R-PA) in normal subjects. Whereas L-PA leads to neglect-like shift in attention, demonstrated in numerous visuo-spatial and cognitive tasks, R-PA has only minor effects in specific aspects of a few tasks. The paucity of R-PA effects in normal subjects contrasts with the striking alleviation of neglect symptoms in patients with right hemispheric lesions. Current evidence from activation studies in normal subjects highlights the contribution of regions involved in visuo-motor control during prism exposure and a reorganization of spatial representations within the ventral attentional network (VAN) after the adaptation. The latter depends on the orientation of prisms used. R-PA leads to enhancement of the ipsilateral visual and auditory space within the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), switching thus the dominance of VAN from the right to the left hemisphere. L-PA leads to enhancement of the ipsilateral space in right IPL, emphasizing thus the right hemispheric dominance of VAN. Similar reshaping has been demonstrated in patients. We propose here a model, which offers a parsimonious explanation of the effect of L-PA and R-PA both in normal subjects and in patients with hemispheric lesions. The model posits that prismatic adaptation induces instability in the synaptic organization of the visuo-motor system, which spreads to the VAN. The effect is lateralized, depending on the side of prism deviation. Successful pointing with prisms implies reaching into the space contralateral, and not ipsilateral, to the direction of prism deviation. Thus, in the hemisphere contralateral to prism deviation, reach-related neural activity decreases, leading to instability of the synaptic organization, which induces a reshuffling of spatial representations in IPL. Although reshuffled spatial representations in IPL may be functionally relevant, they are most likely less efficient than regular representations and may thus cause partial dysfunction. The former explains, e.g., the alleviation of neglect symptoms after R-PA in patients with right hemispheric lesions, the latter the occurrence of neglect-like symptoms in normal subjects after L-PA. Thus, opting for R- vs. L-PA means choosing the side of major IPL reshuffling, which leads to its partial dysfunction in normal subjects and to recruitment of alternative or enhanced spatial representations in patients with hemispheric lesions.
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Halicka M, Vittersø AD, McCullough H, Goebel A, Heelas L, Proulx MJ, Bultitude JH. Prism adaptation treatment for upper-limb complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Pain 2021; 162:471-489. [PMID: 32833791 PMCID: PMC7808368 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Initial evidence suggested that people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have reduced attention to the affected side of their body and the surrounding space, which might be related to pain and other clinical symptoms. Three previous unblinded, uncontrolled studies showed pain relief after treatment with prism adaptation, an intervention that has been used to counter lateralised attention bias in brain-lesioned patients. To provide a robust test of its effectiveness for CRPS, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of prism adaptation for unilateral upper-limb CRPS-I. Forty-nine eligible adults with CRPS were randomized to undergo 2 weeks of twice-daily home-based prism adaptation treatment (n = 23) or sham treatment (n = 26). Outcomes were assessed in person 4 weeks before and immediately before treatment, and immediately after and 4 weeks after treatment. Long-term postal follow-ups were conducted 3 and 6 months after treatment. We examined the effects of prism adaptation vs sham treatment on current pain intensity and the CRPS symptom severity score (primary outcomes), as well as sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, self-reported psychological functioning, and experimentally tested neuropsychological functions (secondary outcomes). We found no evidence that primary or secondary outcomes differed between the prism adaptation and sham treatment groups when tested at either time point after treatment. Overall, CRPS severity significantly decreased over time for both groups, but we found no benefits of prism adaptation beyond sham treatment. Our findings do not support the efficacy of prism adaptation treatment for relieving upper-limb CRPS-I. This trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN46828292).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Halicka
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Axel D. Vittersø
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley McCullough
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pain Research Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Goebel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pain Research Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Pain Medicine, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Heelas
- Optimise Pain Rehabilitation Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Proulx
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Real & Virtual Environments Augmentation Labs, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Janet H. Bultitude
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Cai YC, Su X, Yang YM, Pan Y, Zhu L, Luo LJ. How Does Attention Alter Length Perception? A Prism Adaptation Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2091. [PMID: 32973630 PMCID: PMC7461973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How perceived size (length) of an object is influenced by attention is in debate. Prism adaptation (PA), as a type of sensory motor adaptation, has been shown to affect performance on a variety of spatial tasks in both neglect patient and healthy individuals. It has been hypothesized that PA's effects might be mediated by attentional mechanisms. In this study, we used PA to laterally shift spatial attention, and employed a precise psychophysical procedure to examine how the perceptual length of lines was influenced by this attentional shifting. Participants were presented with two separate lines in the left and right visual fields, and compared the length of the two lines. Forty-five healthy participants completed this line-length judgment task before and after a short period of adaptation to either left- (Experiment 1) or right-shifting (Experiment 2) prisms, or control goggles that did not shift the visual scene (Experiment 3). We found that participants initially tended to perceive the line presented in the left to be longer. This leftward bias of length perception was reduced by a short period of visuomotor adaptation to the left-deviating PA. However, for the right-shifting PA and plain glass goggles conditions, the initial length perception bias to the left line was unaffected. Mechanisms of this asymmetric effect of PA was discussed. Our results demonstrate that the length perception of a line can be influenced by a simple visuomotor adaptation, which might shift the spatial attention. This finding is consistent with the argument that attention can alter appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Cai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Luo
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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Facchin A, Folegatti A, Rossetti Y, Farnè A. The half of the story we did not know about prism adaptation. Cortex 2019; 119:141-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wearing prisms to hear differently: After-effects of prism adaptation on auditory perception. Cortex 2019; 115:123-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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The effect of prism adaptation on state estimates of eye position in the orbit. Cortex 2019; 115:246-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McIntosh RD, Brown BM, Young L. Meta-analysis of the visuospatial aftereffects of prism adaptation, with two novel experiments. Cortex 2019; 111:256-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Beyond time and space: The effect of a lateralized sustained attention task and brain stimulation on spatial and selective attention. Cortex 2018; 107:131-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Michel C, Bonnetain L, Amoura S, White O. Force field adaptation does not alter space representation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10982. [PMID: 30030482 PMCID: PMC6054688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prism adaptation is a well-known model to study sensorimotor adaptive processes. It has been shown that following prism exposure, after-effects are not only restricted to the sensorimotor level but extend as well to spatial cognition. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate in healthy individuals whether expansion to spatial cognition is restricted to adaptive processes peculiar to prism adaptation or whether it occurs as well following other forms of adaptive process such as adaptation to a novel dynamic environment during pointing movements. Representational after-effects were assessed by the perceptual line bisection task before and after adaptation to a leftward or a rightward force field. The main results showed that adaptation developed at sensorimotor level but did not influence space representation. Our results have therefore a strong methodological impact for prospective investigations focusing on sensorimotor plasticity while sparing space cognition. These methodological considerations will be particulary relevant when addressing sensorimotor plasticity in patients with specific representational feature to preserve. The discussion highlights the differences between prism and dynamic adaptation that could explain the lack of after-effect on space representation following force field adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Michel
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Lucie Bonnetain
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Amoura
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier White
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Facchin A, Bultitude JH, Mornati G, Peverelli M, Daini R. A comparison of prism adaptation with terminal versus concurrent exposure on sensorimotor changes and spatial neglect. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 30:613-640. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1484374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facchin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
- Centre of Research in Optics and Optometry, University of Milano-Bicocca (COMiB), Milano, Italy
- Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry, Vinci, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Mornati
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Milena Peverelli
- Valduce Hospital Rehabilitation Center Villa Beretta, Costamasnaga, Italy
| | - Roberta Daini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
- Centre of Research in Optics and Optometry, University of Milano-Bicocca (COMiB), Milano, Italy
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Petitet P, O'Reilly JX, O'Shea J. Towards a neuro-computational account of prism adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2017; 115:188-203. [PMID: 29248498 PMCID: PMC6018603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation has a long history as an experimental paradigm used to investigate the functional and neural processes that underlie sensorimotor control. In the neuropsychology literature, prism adaptation behaviour is typically explained by reference to a traditional cognitive psychology framework that distinguishes putative functions, such as 'strategic control' versus 'spatial realignment'. This theoretical framework lacks conceptual clarity, quantitative precision and explanatory power. Here, we advocate for an alternative computational framework that offers several advantages: 1) an algorithmic explanatory account of the computations and operations that drive behaviour; 2) expressed in quantitative mathematical terms; 3) embedded within a principled theoretical framework (Bayesian decision theory, state-space modelling); 4) that offers a means to generate and test quantitative behavioural predictions. This computational framework offers a route towards mechanistic neurocognitive explanations of prism adaptation behaviour. Thus it constitutes a conceptual advance compared to the traditional theoretical framework. In this paper, we illustrate how Bayesian decision theory and state-space models offer principled explanations for a range of behavioural phenomena in the field of prism adaptation (e.g. visual capture, magnitude of visual versus proprioceptive realignment, spontaneous recovery and dynamics of adaptation memory). We argue that this explanatory framework can advance understanding of the functional and neural mechanisms that implement prism adaptation behaviour, by enabling quantitative tests of hypotheses that go beyond merely descriptive mapping claims that ‘brain area X is (somehow) involved in psychological process Y’. Traditional neuropsychological models of prism adaptation lack precision. Computational models improve explanatory and predictive power. A range of adaptation phenomena can be explained quantitatively. Mathematics offers a bridge between neural mechanisms and behaviour. A neuro-computational approach will advance neuropsychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Petitet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jill X O'Reilly
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jacinta O'Shea
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Schintu S, Patané I, Caldano M, Salemme R, Reilly KT, Pisella L, Farnè A. The asymmetrical effect of leftward and rightward prisms on intact visuospatial cognition. Cortex 2017; 97:23-31. [PMID: 29078083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rightward prismatic adaptation (RPA) can reduce neglect symptoms in patients whereas adaptation to leftward deviating prisms (LPA) can induce neglect-like behavior in healthy subjects. One influential anatomo-functional model of prismatic adaptation (PA) postulates that it inhibits activity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contralateral to the prismatic deviation. By hypo-activating the PPC and thus eventually acting on interhemispheric balance, both LPA and RPA could possibly affect visuospatial perception in healthy subjects, however, such behavioral modulation has seldom been reported after RPA. In the light of recent evidence showing that LPA-induced visuospatial shift need time to develop we hypothesized that RPA might induce significant changes in visuospatial cognition on a longer time scale. We thus assessed the Landmark task, as well as sensorimotor aftereffects, several times over 8 h after a single session of either LPA or RPA. In agreement with previous reports, sensorimotor effects were symmetrical and long-lasting, with both LPA and RPA inducing shifts of comparable amplitudes in the direction opposite to the deviation that lasted up to 8 h. Visuospatial cognition assessed by Landmark performance, was also significantly modulated for up to 8 h, but only after LPA. Interestingly, the timing and direction of this modulation differed according to participants' baseline bias. An initial leftward bias led to a rapid, but short-lasting rightward shift, whereas an initial rightward bias led to a slower-developing and longer-lasting leftward shift. These findings shed new light on a so-far relatively overlooked feature of spatial cognition that may interact with the effect of PA: the state of the visuospatial system prior to PA should be taken into account when attempting to understand and modulate visuospatial cognition in healthy and brain-damaged populations. This highlights the need for refining current models of PA's mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Schintu
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France.
| | - Ivan Patané
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France; Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Caldano
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Romeo Salemme
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
| | - Karen T Reilly
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Pisella
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
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Studying the neural bases of prism adaptation using fMRI: A technical and design challenge. Behav Res Methods 2016; 49:2031-2043. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Prism Adaptation Alters Electrophysiological Markers of Attentional Processes in the Healthy Brain. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1019-30. [PMID: 26791229 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1153-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglect patients typically show a rightward attentional orienting bias and a strong disengagement deficit, such that they are especially slow in responding to left-sided targets after right-sided cues (Posner et al., 1984). Prism adaptation (PA) can reduce diverse debilitating neglect symptoms and it has been hypothesized that PA's effects are so generalized that they might be mediated by attentional mechanisms (Pisella et al., 2006; Redding and Wallace, 2006). In neglect patients, performance on spatial attention tasks improves after rightward-deviating PA (Jacquin-Courtois et al., 2013). In contrast, in healthy subjects, although there is evidence that leftward-deviating PA induces neglect-like performance on some visuospatial tasks, behavioral studies of spatial attention tasks have mostly yielded negative results (Morris et al., 2004; Bultitude et al., 2013). We hypothesized that these negative behavioral findings might reflect the limitations of behavioral measures in healthy subjects. Here we exploited the sensitivity of event-related potentials to test the hypothesis that electrophysiological markers of attentional processes in the healthy human brain are affected by PA. Leftward-deviating PA generated asymmetries in attentional orienting (reflected in the cue-locked N1) and in attentional disengagement for invalidly cued left targets (reflected in the target-locked P1). This is the first electrophysiological demonstration that leftward-deviating PA in healthy subjects mimics attentional patterns typically seen in neglect patients. Significance statement: Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising tool for ameliorating many deficits in neglect patients and inducing neglect-like behavior in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying PA's effects are poorly understood but one hypothesis suggests that it acts by modulating attention. To date, however, there has been no successful demonstration of attentional modulation in healthy subjects. We provide the first electrophysiological evidence that PA acts on attention in healthy subjects by mimicking the attentional pattern typically reported in neglect patients: both a rightward attentional orienting bias (reflected in the cue-locked N1) and a deficit in attentional disengagement from the right hemispace (reflected in the target-locked P1). This study makes an important contribution to refining current models of the mechanisms underlying PA's cognitive effects.
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Prism adaptation magnitude has differential influences on perceptual versus manual responses. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2761-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Prismatic Adaptation Induces Plastic Changes onto Spatial and Temporal Domains in Near and Far Space. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3495075. [PMID: 26981286 PMCID: PMC4769764 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3495075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large literature has documented interactions between space and time suggesting that the two experiential domains may share a common format in a generalized magnitude system (ATOM theory). To further explore this hypothesis, here we measured the extent to which time and space are sensitive to the same sensorimotor plasticity processes, as induced by classical prismatic adaptation procedures (PA). We also exanimated whether spatial-attention shifts on time and space processing, produced through PA, extend to stimuli presented beyond the immediate near space. Results indicated that PA affected both temporal and spatial representations not only in the near space (i.e., the region within which the adaptation occurred), but also in the far space. In addition, both rightward and leftward PA directions caused opposite and symmetrical modulations on time processing, whereas only leftward PA biased space processing rightward. We discuss these findings within the ATOM framework and models that account for PA effects on space and time processing. We propose that the differential and asymmetrical effects following PA may suggest that temporal and spatial representations are not perfectly aligned.
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Michel C. Beyond the Sensorimotor Plasticity: Cognitive Expansion of Prism Adaptation in Healthy Individuals. Front Psychol 2016; 6:1979. [PMID: 26779088 PMCID: PMC4700133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor plasticity allows us to maintain an efficient motor behavior in reaction to environmental changes. One of the classical models for the study of sensorimotor plasticity is prism adaptation. It consists of pointing to visual targets while wearing prismatic lenses that shift the visual field laterally. The conditions of the development of the plasticity and the sensorimotor after-effects have been extensively studied for more than a century. However, the interest taken in this phenomenon was considerably increased since the demonstration of neglect rehabilitation following prism adaptation by Rossetti et al. (1998). Mirror effects, i.e., simulation of neglect in healthy individuals, were observed for the first time by Colent et al. (2000). The present review focuses on the expansion of prism adaptation to cognitive functions in healthy individuals during the last 15 years. Cognitive after-effects have been shown in numerous tasks even in those that are not intrinsically spatial in nature. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a strong link between low-level sensorimotor plasticity and high-level cognitive functions and raise important questions about the mechanisms involved in producing unexpected cognitive effects following prism adaptation. Implications for the functional mechanisms and neuroanatomical network of prism adaptation are discussed to explain how sensorimotor plasticity may affect cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Michel
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
- INSERM, U 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité SensorimotriceDijon, France
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Calzolari E, Gallace A, Moseley GL, Vallar G. Effect of prism adaptation on thermoregulatory control in humans. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:339-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Learmonth G, Gallagher A, Gibson J, Thut G, Harvey M. Intra- and Inter-Task Reliability of Spatial Attention Measures in Pseudoneglect. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138379. [PMID: 26378925 PMCID: PMC4574708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy young adults display a leftward asymmetry of spatial attention ("pseudoneglect") that has been measured with a wide range of different tasks. Yet at present there is a lack of systematic evidence that the tasks commonly used in research today are i) stable measures over time and ii) provide similar measures of spatial bias. Fifty right-handed young adults were tested on five tasks (manual line bisection, landmark, greyscales, gratingscales and lateralised visual detection) on two different days. All five tasks were found to be stable measures of bias over the two testing sessions, indicating that each is a reliable measure in itself. Surprisingly, no strongly significant inter-task correlations were found. However, principal component analysis revealed left-right asymmetries to be subdivided in 4 main components, namely asymmetries in size judgements (manual line bisection and landmark), luminance judgements (greyscales), stimulus detection (lateralised visual detection) and judgements of global/local features (manual line bisection and grating scales). The results align with recent research on hemispatial neglect which conceptualises the condition as multi-component rather than a single pathological deficit of spatial attention. We conclude that spatial biases in judgment of visual stimulus features in healthy adults (e.g., pseudoneglect) is also a multi-component phenomenon that may be captured by variations in task demands which engage task-dependent patterns of activation within the attention network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Learmonth
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Aodhan Gallagher
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Gibson
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Thut
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Harvey
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Habchi O, Rey E, Mathieu R, Urquizar C, Farnè A, Pélisson D. Deployment of spatial attention without moving the eyes is boosted by oculomotor adaptation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:426. [PMID: 26300755 PMCID: PMC4523790 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates developed sophisticated solutions to select environmental visual information, being capable of moving attention without moving the eyes. A large body of behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicate a tight coupling between eye movements and spatial attention. The nature of this link, however, remains highly debated. Here, we demonstrate that deployment of human covert attention, measured in stationary eye conditions, can be boosted across space by changing the size of ocular saccades to a single position via a specific adaptation paradigm. These findings indicate that spatial attention is more widely affected by oculomotor plasticity than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouazna Habchi
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Rey
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
| | - Christian Urquizar
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unit 1028, CNRS Unit 5292, Bron, France and Lyon I University Lyon, France
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25
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Schintu S, Pisella L, Jacobs S, Salemme R, Reilly KT, Farnè A. Prism adaptation in the healthy brain: the shift in line bisection judgments is long lasting and fluctuates. Neuropsychologia 2013; 53:165-70. [PMID: 24291512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rightward prism adaptation has been shown to ameliorate visuospatial biases in right brain-damaged patients with neglect, and a single session of prism adaptation can lead to improvements that last up to several hours. Leftward prism adaptation in neurologically healthy individuals induces neglect-like biases in visuospatial tasks. The duration of these effects in healthy individuals, typically assumed to be ephemeral, has never been investigated. Here we assessed the time-course of the adaptation-induced modifications in a classical perceptual line bisection task that was repeatedly administered for approximately 40min after a single session of adaptation to either a leftward or rightward prismatic deviation. Consistent with previous reports, only adaptation to leftward-deviating prisms induced a visuospatial shift on perceptual line bisection judgments. The typical pattern of pseudoneglect was counteracted by a rightward shift in midline judgments, which became significant between 5 and 10 min after adaptation, fluctuated between being significant or not several times in the 40 min following adaptation, and was present as late as 35 min. In contrast, the sensorimotor aftereffect was present immediately after adaptation to both rightward and leftward deviating prisms, decayed initially then remained stable until 40 min. These results demonstrate that both the sensorimotor and visuospatial effects last for at least 35 min, but that the visuospatial shift needs time to fully develop and fluctuates. By showing that the effects of prism adaptation in the undamaged brain are not ephemeral, these findings reveal the presence of another, so-far neglected dimension in the domain of the cognitive effects induced by prism adaptation, namely time. The prolonged duration of the induced visuospatial shift, previously considered to be a feature of prism adaptation unique to brain-damaged subjects, also applies to the normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Schintu
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France.
| | - Laure Pisella
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Jacobs
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Romeo Salemme
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
| | - Karen T Reilly
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion & Mouvement et Handicap, Lyon, France
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26
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Scarpina F, Van der Stigchel S, Nijboer TCW, Dijkerman HC. Prism adaptation changes the subjective proprioceptive localization of the hands. J Neuropsychol 2013; 9:21-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences; University of Pavia; Italy
- Experimental Psychology; Helmholtz Institute; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja Cornelia Wilhelmina Nijboer
- Experimental Psychology; Helmholtz Institute; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine; University Medical Centre Utrecht and Rehabilitation Centre De Hoogstraat; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Center; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Christiaan Dijkerman
- Experimental Psychology; Helmholtz Institute; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Center; Utrecht the Netherlands
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Bultitude JH, List A, Aimola Davies AM. Prism adaptation does not alter object-based attention in healthy participants. F1000Res 2013; 2:232. [PMID: 24715960 PMCID: PMC3962007 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-232.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispatial neglect (‘neglect’) is a disabling condition that can follow damage to the right side of the brain, in which patients show difficulty in responding to or orienting towards objects and events that occur on the left side of space. Symptoms of neglect can manifest in both space- and object-based frames of reference. Although patients can show a combination of these two forms of neglect, they are considered separable and have distinct neurological bases. In recent years considerable evidence has emerged to demonstrate that spatial symptoms of neglect can be reduced by an intervention called prism adaptation. Patients point towards objects viewed through prismatic lenses that shift the visual image to the right. Approximately five minutes of repeated pointing results in a leftward recalibration of pointing and improved performance on standard clinical tests for neglect. The understanding of prism adaptation has also been advanced through studies of healthy participants, in whom adaptation to leftward prismatic shifts results in temporary neglect-like performance. Here we examined the effect of prism adaptation on the performance of healthy participants who completed a computerised test of space- and object-based attention. Participants underwent adaptation to leftward- or rightward-shifting prisms, or performed neutral pointing according to a between-groups design. Significant pointing after-effects were found for both prism groups, indicating successful adaptation. In addition, the results of the computerised test revealed larger reaction-time costs associated with shifts of attention between two objects compared to shifts of attention within the same object, replicating previous work. However there were no differences in the performance of the three groups, indicating that prism adaptation did not influence space- or object-based attention for this task. When combined with existing literature, the results are consistent with the proposal that prism adaptation may only perturb cognitive functions for which normal baseline performance is already biased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet H Bultitude
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alexandra List
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Anne M Aimola Davies
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia ; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
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28
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Pia L, Neppi-Mòdona M, Rosselli FB, Muscatello V, Rosato R, Ricci R. The Oppel-Kundt illusion is effective in modulating horizontal space representation in humans. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 115:729-42. [PMID: 23409587 DOI: 10.2466/24.22.27.pms.115.6.729-742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A modified version of the Oppel-Kundt illusion (i.e., a filled space is perceived as more expanded than an empty space of the same length) has been previously employed to distort space representation both in patients with neglect (i.e., failure to report/react to stimuli located in the space contralateral to the brain lesion) and in healthy participants. In those experiments, participants had to bisect or extend horizontal segments on backgrounds of exponentially spaced vertical lines. The exclusive use of visuo-motor tasks, however, did not allow excluding that the results were accounted for by a bias occurring at a response level of stimulus processing rather than by a visual illusion. To address this issue, in addition to a traditional line bisection task, a line length estimation task was employed, which allowed separating response and illusion-related factors. The results demonstrated that performance depended on the visual illusion rather than on a response bias. It was concluded that this version of the Oppel-Kundt illusion can be successfully employed to modulate space representation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pia
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of Turin, Italy.
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29
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Fortis P, Ronchi R, Calzolari E, Gallucci M, Vallar G. Exploring the effects of ecological activities during exposure to optical prisms in healthy individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:29. [PMID: 23408549 PMCID: PMC3569946 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prism adaptation improves a wide range of manifestations of left spatial neglect in right-brain-damaged patients. The typical paradigm consists in repeated pointing movements to visual targets, while patients wear prism goggles that displace the visual scene rightwards. Recently, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel adaptation procedure, involving a variety of every-day visuo-motor activities. This "ecological" procedure proved to be as effective as the repetitive pointing adaptation task in ameliorating symptoms of spatial neglect, and was better tolerated by patients. However, the absence of adaptation and aftereffects measures for the ecological treatment did not allow for a full comparison of the two procedures. This is important in the light of recent findings showing that the magnitude of prism-induced aftereffects may predict recovery from spatial neglect. Here, we investigated prism-induced adaptation and aftereffects after ecological and pointing adaptation procedures. Forty-eight neurologically healthy participants (young and aged groups) were exposed to rightward shifting prisms while they performed the ecological or the pointing procedures, in separate days. Before and after prism exposure, participants performed proprioceptive, visual, and visual-proprioceptive tasks to assess prism-induced aftereffects. Participants adapted to the prisms during both procedures. Importantly, the ecological procedure induced greater aftereffects in the proprioceptive task (for both the young and the aged groups) and in the visual-proprioceptive task (young group). A similar trend was found for the visual task in both groups. Finally, participants rated the ecological procedure as more pleasant, less monotonous, and more sustainable than the pointing procedure. These results qualify ecological visuo-motor activities as an effective prism-adaptation procedure, suitable for the rehabilitation of spatial neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortis
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milano, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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Testing the activation–orientation account of spatial attentional asymmetries using transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2573-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Herlihey TA, Black SE, Ferber S. Terminal, but not concurrent prism exposure produces perceptual aftereffects in healthy young adults. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2789-2795. [PMID: 22921403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A short period of prism adaptation (PA) has been shown to reduce spatial neglect symptoms. Recent evidence suggests that the positive effects of PA might be restricted to visually guided actions, with PA having little effect on perception. However, the majority of studies have adopted a concurrent exposure technique that fosters the development of a change in felt arm position (proprioceptive straight ahead, PSA). Few studies have used terminal exposure that promotes a change in the perceived visual direction (visual straight ahead, VSA). The positive effects of PA might appear to be primarily action based because studies have adopted an exposure technique that promotes a change in proprioception. Here, we compare the effects of the two exposure types on a perceptual and a manual line bisection task in healthy young adults. Before and after seven minutes of exposure to leftward displacing prisms we measured performance on two line bisection tasks (manual and perceptual) and perceived straight ahead (PSA and VSA). During the exposure period participants made pointing movements while the view of their pointing arm was either (i) restricted to the second half of the pointing movement (concurrent exposure) or (ii) restricted to the final part of the pointing movement (terminal exposure). In line with the previous research, concurrent exposure produced a large shift in PSA and a shift on the manual line bisection task. Interestingly, terminal exposure produced a large shift in VSA and a shift in performance on the perceptual line bisection task. Our results shed light on the underlying mechanisms of prism-induced neglect recovery and help to address an apparent discrepancy within the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Herlihey
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5.
| | - Sandra E Black
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1; Faculty of Medicine, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Susanne Ferber
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1.
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Thomas NA, Elias LJ. Perceptual asymmetries in greyscales: Object-based versus space-based influences. Cortex 2012; 48:553-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bultitude JH, Van der Stigchel S, Nijboer TCW. Prism adaptation alters spatial remapping in healthy individuals: evidence from double-step saccades. Cortex 2012; 49:759-70. [PMID: 22386659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The visual system is able to represent and integrate large amounts of information as we move our gaze across a scene. This process, called spatial remapping, enables the construction of a stable representation of our visual environment despite constantly changing retinal images. Converging evidence implicates the parietal lobes in this process, with the right hemisphere having a dominant role. Indeed, lesions to the right parietal lobe (e.g., leading to hemispatial neglect) frequently result in deficits in spatial remapping. Research has demonstrated that recalibrating visual, proprioceptive and motor reference frames using prism adaptation ameliorates neglect symptoms and induces neglect-like performance in healthy people - one example of the capacity for rapid neural plasticity in response to new sensory demands. Because of the influence of prism adaptation on parietal functions, the present research investigates whether prism adaptation alters spatial remapping in healthy individuals. To this end twenty-eight undergraduates completed blocks of a double-step saccade (DSS) task after sham adaptation and adaptation to leftward- or rightward-shifting prisms. The results were consistent with an impairment in spatial remapping for left visual field targets following adaptation to leftward-shifting prisms. These results suggest that temporarily realigning spatial representations using sensory-motor adaptation alters right-hemisphere remapping processes in healthy individuals. The implications for the possible mechanisms of the amelioration of hemispatial neglect after prism adaptation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet H Bultitude
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, UK.
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34
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Schmitz R, Deliens G, Mary A, Urbain C, Peigneux P. Selective modulations of attentional asymmetries after sleep deprivation. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3351-60. [PMID: 21871469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoneglect is a slight but consistent misplacement of attention toward the left visual field, commonly observed in young healthy subjects. This leftward attentional bias is thought to result from a right hemispheric dominance in visuospatial processing. Changes in endogenous levels of alertness may modulate attentional asymmetries and pseudoneglect in particular. In line with this hypothesis, it has been shown that sleep deprived shift-workers present a reversal of their attentional bias in a landmark (LDM) task (Manly, T., Dobler, V. B., Dodds, C. M., & George, M. A. (2005). Rightward shift in spatial awareness with declining alertness. Neuropsychologia, 43(12), 1721-1728). However, circadian disturbances and fatigue effects at the end of a shift work may have contributed to this reversal effect. In a first experiment, we show that sleep deprivation (SD) under controlled conditions does not markedly change the leftward bias, observable both at 21:00 and at 07:00 after SD. In a second experiment, we tested the hypothesis that a drastic reduction or inversion in the attentional bias would be present only when both the circadian drive for sleep propensity is maximal (i.e. around 05:00) and homeostatic sleep pressure is high. Thus participants were tested at 21:00 and under SD conditions at 05:00 and 09:00. Additionally, we used the greyscales (GS) task well-known to evidence a leftward bias in luminance judgments. Although results evidenced a consistent leftward bias both in the LDM and GS, we found a suppression of the leftward bias at the circadian nadir of alertness (05:00) after SD only for the GS, but not for the LDM. Noticeably, the leftward bias in the GS vanished at 05:00 after SD but reappeared at 09:00 despite continued SD, suggesting a predominant circadian influence on attentional asymmetries in the GS. Additionally, inter-sessions correlations evidenced a reproducible, consistent bias both in the LDM and GS, with no consistent relationship between the two tasks, suggesting independence of the neural networks subtending performance in LDM and GS. Overall, our results suggest that SD per se does not impede the leftward bias both in LDM and GS, whereas circadian-related variations in vigilance may impact attentional asymmetries in luminance judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Schmitz
- UR2NF [Unité de Recherches en Neuropsychologie et Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle], Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Hach S, Schütz-Bosbach S. Touching base: The effect of participant and stimulus modulation factors on a haptic line bisection task. Laterality 2011; 17:180-201. [PMID: 22385141 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.551128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring information about our environment through touch is vital in everyday life. Yet very little literature exists about factors that may influence haptic or tactile processing. Recent neuroimaging studies have reported haptic laterality effects that parallel those reported in the visual literature. With the use of a haptic variant of the classical line bisection task, the present study aimed to determine the presence of laterality effects on a behavioural level. Specifically, three handedness groups including strong dextrals, strong sinistrals, and-the to-date largely neglected group of-mixed-handers were examined in their ability to accurately bisect stimuli constructed from corrugated board strips of various lengths. Stimulus factors known to play a role in visuospatial perception including stimulus location, the hand used for bisection, and direction of exploration were systematically varied through pseudo-randomisation. Similar to the visual domain, stimulus location and length as well as participants' handedness and the hand used for bisection exerted a significant influence on participants' estimate of the centre of haptically explored stimuli. However, these effects differed qualitatively from those described for the visual domain, and the factor direction of exploration did not exert any significant effect. This indicates that laterality effects reported on a neural level are sufficiently pronounced to result in measurable behavioural effects. The results, first, add to laterality effects reported for the visual and auditory domain, second, are in line with supramodal spatial processing and third, provide additional evidence to a conceptualisation of pseudoneglect and neglect as signs of hemispheric attentional asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Hach
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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37
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Fortis P, Goedert KM, Barrett AM. Prism adaptation differently affects motor-intentional and perceptual-attentional biases in healthy individuals. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2718-27. [PMID: 21663753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) has been shown to affect performance on a variety of spatial tasks in healthy individuals and neglect patients. However, little is still known about the mechanisms through which PA affects spatial cognition. In the present study we tested the effect of PA on the perceptual-attentional "where" and motor-intentional "aiming" spatial systems in healthy individuals. Eighty-four participants performed a line bisection task presented on a computer screen under normal or right-left reversed viewing conditions, which allows for the fractionation of "where" and "aiming" bias components (Schwartz et al., 1997). The task was performed before and after a short period of visuomotor adaptation either to left- or right-shifting prisms, or control goggles fitted with plain glass lenses. Participants demonstrated initial leftward "where" and "aiming" biases, consistent with previous research. Adaptation to left-shifting prisms reduced the leftward motor-intentional "aiming" bias. By contrast, the "aiming" bias was unaffected by adaptation to the right-shifting prisms or control goggles. The leftward "where" bias was also reduced, but this reduction was independent of the direction of the prismatic shift. These results mirror recent findings in neglect patients, who showed a selective amelioration of right motor-intentional "aiming" bias after right prism exposure (Fortis et al., 2009; C.L. Striemer & J. Danckert, 2010). Thus, these findings indicate that prism adaptation primarily affects the motor-intentional "aiming" system in both healthy individuals and neglect patients, and further suggest that improvement in neglect patients after PA may be related to changes in the aiming spatial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortis
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Italian Auxologico Institute, Milano, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
Prism adaptation reduces some symptoms of neglect; however the mechanisms underlying such changes are poorly understood. We suggest that prisms influence neglect by acting on dorsal stream circuits subserving visuomotor control, with little influence on perceptual aspects of neglect. We examined prism adaptation in three neglect patients and a group of healthy controls on line bisection and landmark tasks. Neglect patients showed a dramatic reduction in the rightward bias for line bisection, but absolutely no change in their leftward bias on the landmark task, which is a perceptual equivalent to bisection. However, in controls, prisms produced 'neglect-like' deficits on both the line bisection and landmark tasks. These data suggest that prisms influence visually guided actions more so than perception in neglect.
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Balslev D, Gowen E, Miall RC. Decreased visual attention further from the perceived direction of gaze for equidistant retinal targets. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:661-9. [PMID: 20146599 PMCID: PMC3164794 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The oculomotor and spatial attention systems are interconnected. Whereas a link between motor commands and spatial shifts in visual attention is demonstrated, it is still unknown whether the recently discovered proprioceptive signal in somatosensory cortex impacts on visual attention, too. This study investigated whether visual targets near the perceived direction of gaze are detected more accurately than targets further away, despite the equal eccentricity of their retinal projections. We dissociated real and perceived eye position using left somatosensory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which decreases cortical processing of eye muscle proprioceptive inflow and produces an underestimation of the rotation of the right eye. Participants detected near-threshold visual targets presented in the left or right visual hemifield at equal distance from fixation. We have previously shown that when the right eye is rotated to the left of the parasagittal plane, TMS produces an underestimation of this rotation, shifting perceived eye position to the right. Here we found that, in this condition, TMS also decreased target detection in the left visual hemifield and increased it in the right. This effect depended on the direction of rotation of the right eye. When the right eye was rotated rightward and TMS, we assume, shifted perceived gaze direction in opposite direction, leftward, visual accuracy decreased now in the right hemifield. We suggest that the proprioceptive eye position signal modulates the spatial distribution of visual processing resources, producing "pseudo-neglect" for objects located far relative to near the perceived direction of gaze.
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Josev EK, Forte JD, Nicholls MER. Left of centre: asymmetries for the horizontal vertical line illusion. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 75:435-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-010-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nicholls MER, Loetscher T, Rademacher M. Miss to the right: the effect of attentional asymmetries on goal-kicking. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12363. [PMID: 20808774 PMCID: PMC2927441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral asymmetries for spatial attention generate a bias of attention – causing lines to be bisected to the left or right in near (within reach) and far (outside reach) space, respectively. This study explored whether the rightward deviation for bisecting lines in far space extends to tasks where a ball is aimed between two goal-posts. Kicking was assessed in a laboratory and a real-life setting. In the laboratory setting, 212 participants carried out three conditions: (a) kick a soccer ball at a single goal post, (b) kick a soccer ball between two goal posts and (c) use a stick to indicate the middle between two goal posts. The goals were placed at a distance of 4.0 m. There was no deviation in the one-goal kicking condition – demonstrating that no asymmetries exist in the perceptual motor system when aiming at a single point. When kicking or pointing at the middle between two goal posts, rightward deviations were observed. In the real-world setting, the number of misses to the left or right of goal (behinds) in the Australian Rules football for the 2005–2009 seasons was assessed. The data showed more rightward deviations for kicks at goal. Combined, the studies suggest that the rightward deviation for lines placed in far space extends to the kicking of a football in laboratory and real-life settings. This asymmetry in kicking builds on a body of research showing that attentional asymmetries impact everyday activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E R Nicholls
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
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42
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A hit-and-miss investigation of asymmetries in wheelchair navigation. Atten Percept Psychophys 2010; 72:1576-90. [DOI: 10.3758/app.72.6.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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44
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Striemer CL, Danckert JA. Through a prism darkly: re-evaluating prisms and neglect. Trends Cogn Sci 2010; 14:308-16. [PMID: 20444640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect: a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects proposes that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain circuits that control spatial attention and perception. However, studies that have directly examined the influence of prisms on perceptual biases inherent to neglect have revealed very few beneficial effects. We propose an alternative explanation whereby many of the beneficial effects of prisms arise via the influence of adaptation on circuits in the dorsal visual stream controlling attention and visuomotor behaviors. We further argue that prisms have little influence on the pervasive perceptual biases that characterize neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Striemer
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain and Mind, Social Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C2
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46
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Foley JA, Della Sala S. Geographical distribution of Cortex publications. Cortex 2010; 46:410-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Bultitude JH, Woods JM. Adaptation to leftward-shifting prisms reduces the global processing bias of healthy individuals. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:1750-6. [PMID: 20219496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
When healthy individuals are presented with peripheral figures in which small letters are arranged to form a large letter, they are faster to identify the global- than the local-level information, and have difficulty ignoring global information when identifying the local level. The global reaction time (RT) advantage and global interference effect imply preferential processing of global-level information in the normal brain. This contrasts with the local processing bias demonstrated following lesions to the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), such as those that lead to hemispatial neglect (neglect). Recent research from our lab demonstrated that visuo-motor adaptation to rightward-shifting prisms, which ameliorates many leftward performance deficits of neglect patients, improved the local processing bias of patients with right TPJ lesions (Bultitude, Rafal, & List, 2009). Here we demonstrate that adaptation to leftward-shifting prisms, which can induce neglect-like performance in neurologically healthy individuals, also reduces the normal global processing bias. Forty-eight healthy participants were asked to identify the global or local forms of hierarchical figures before and after adaptation to leftward- or rightward-shifting prisms. Prior to prism adaptation, both groups had greater difficulty ignoring irrelevant global information when identifying the local level (global interference) compared to their ability to ignore irrelevant local-level information when identifying the global level (local interference). Participants who adapted to leftward-shifting prisms showed a significant reduction in global interference, but there was no change in the performance of the rightward-shifting Prism Group. These results show, for the first time, that in addition to previously demonstrated effects on lateralised attention, prism adaptation can influence non-lateralised spatial attention in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet H Bultitude
- Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, United Kingdom.
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48
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Sarri M, Greenwood R, Kalra L, Driver J. Prism adaptation does not change the rightward spatial preference bias found with ambiguous stimuli in unilateral neglect. Cortex 2010; 47:353-66. [PMID: 20171612 PMCID: PMC3034025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that prism adaptation (prism adaptation) can ameliorate several symptoms of spatial neglect after right-hemisphere damage. But the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Recently we reported that prisms may increase leftward awareness for neglect in a task using chimeric visual objects, despite apparently not affecting awareness in a task using chimeric emotional faces (Sarri et al., 2006). Here we explored potential reasons for this apparent discrepancy in outcome, by testing further whether the lack of a prism effect on the chimeric face task task could be explained by: i) the specific category of stimuli used (faces as opposed to objects); ii) the affective nature of the stimuli; and/or iii) the particular task implemented, with the chimeric face task requiring forced-choice judgements of lateral 'preference' between pairs of identical, but left/right mirror-reversed chimeric face tasks (as opposed to identification for the chimeric object task). We replicated our previous pattern of no impact of prisms on the emotional chimeric face task here in a new series of patients, while also similarly finding no beneficial impact on another lateral 'preference' measure that used non-face non-emotional stimuli, namely greyscale gradients. By contrast, we found the usual beneficial impact of prism adaptation (prism adaptation) on some conventional measures of neglect, and improvements for at least some patients in a different face task, requiring explicit discrimination of the chimeric or non-chimeric nature of face stimuli. The new findings indicate that prism therapy does not alter spatial biases in neglect as revealed by 'lateral preference tasks' that have no right or wrong answer (requiring forced-choice judgements on left/right mirror-reversed stimuli), regardless of whether these employ face or non-face stimuli. But our data also show that prism therapy can beneficially modulate some aspects of visual awareness in spatial neglect not only for objects, but also for face stimuli, in some cases.
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