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Stuart S, Alcock L, Rochester L, Vitorio R, Pantall A. Monitoring multiple cortical regions during walking in young and older adults: Dual-task response and comparison challenges. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 135:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vitorio R, Stuart S, Rochester L, Alcock L, Pantall A. fNIRS response during walking — Artefact or cortical activity? A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim HY, Seo K, Jeon HJ, Lee U, Lee H. Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Brain Function in Humans and Animal Models. Mol Cells 2017; 40:523-532. [PMID: 28835022 PMCID: PMC5582298 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique that indirectly assesses neuronal activity by measuring changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in tissues using near-infrared light. fNIRS has been used not only to investigate cortical activity in healthy human subjects and animals but also to reveal abnormalities in brain function in patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders and in animals that exhibit disease conditions. Because of its safety, quietness, resistance to motion artifacts, and portability, fNIRS has become a tool to complement conventional imaging techniques in measuring hemodynamic responses while a subject performs diverse cognitive and behavioral tasks in test settings that are more ecologically relevant and involve social interaction. In this review, we introduce the basic principles of fNIRS and discuss the application of this technique in human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Kain Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Kangwon 24252,
Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
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Simultaneous EEG-fNIRS reveals how age and feedback affect motor imagery signatures. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:183-197. [PMID: 27818001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke frequently results in motor impairment. Motor imagery (MI), the mental practice of movements, has been suggested as a promising complement to other therapeutic approaches facilitating motor rehabilitation. Of particular potential is the combination of MI with neurofeedback (NF). However, MI NF protocols have been largely optimized only in younger healthy adults, although strokes occur more frequently in older adults. The present study examined the influence of age on the neural correlates of MI supported by electroencephalogram (EEG)-based NF and on the neural correlates of motor execution. We adopted a multimodal neuroimaging framework focusing on EEG-derived event-related desynchronization (ERD%) and oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations simultaneously acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). ERD%, HbO concentration and HbR concentration were compared between younger (mean age: 24.4 years) and older healthy adults (mean age: 62.6 years). During MI, ERD% and HbR concentration were less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults. The lateralization-by-age interaction was not significant for movement execution. Moreover, EEG-based NF was related to an increase in task-specific activity when compared to the absence of feedback in both older and younger adults. Finally, significant modulation correlations were found between ERD% and hemodynamic measures despite the absence of significant amplitude correlations. Overall, the findings suggest a complex relationship between age and movement-related activity in electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures. Our results emphasize that the age of the actual end-user should be taken into account when designing neurorehabilitation protocols.
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Gunduz A, Brunner P, Sharma M, Leuthardt EC, Ritaccio AL, Pesaran B, Schalk G. Differential roles of high gamma and local motor potentials for movement preparation and execution. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2016.1179087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric C. Leuthardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerwin Schalk
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Yi W, Qiu S, Wang K, Qi H, He F, Zhou P, Zhang L, Ming D. EEG oscillatory patterns and classification of sequential compound limb motor imagery. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26822435 PMCID: PMC4731999 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-016-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have been done on movement imagination of motor sequences with a single limb. However, brain oscillatory patterns induced by movement imagination of motor sequences involving multiple limbs have not been reported in recent years. The goal of the present study was to verify the feasibility of application of motor sequences involving multiple limbs to brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on motor imagery (MI). The changes of EEG patterns and the inter-influence between movements associated with the imagination of motor sequences were also investigated. Methods The experiment, where 12 healthy subjects participated, involved one motor sequence with a single limb and three kinds of motor sequences with two or three limbs. The activity involved mental simulation, imagining playing drums with two conditions (60 and 30 beats per minute for the first and second conditions, respectively). Results Movement imagination of different limbs in the sequence contributed to time-variant event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns within both mu and beta rhythms, which was more obvious for the second condition compared with the first condition. The ERD values of left/right hand imagery with prior hand imagery were significantly larger than those with prior foot imagery, while the phase locking values (PLVs) between central electrodes and the mesial frontocentral electrode of non-initial movement were significantly larger than those of the initial movement during imagination of motor sequences for both conditions. Classification results showed that the power spectral density (PSD) based method outperformed the multi-class common spatial patterns (multi-CSP) based method: The highest accuracies were 82.86 % and 91.43 %, and the mean values were 65 % and 74.14 % for the first and second conditions, respectively. Conclusions This work implies that motor sequences involving multiple limbs can be utilized to build a multimodal classification paradigm in MI-based BCI systems, and that prior movement imagination can result in the changes of neural activities in motor areas during subsequent movement imagination in the process of limb switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongzhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dong Ming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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A New Approach for Automatic Removal of Movement Artifacts in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Time Series by Means of Acceleration Data. ALGORITHMS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/a8041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy during voluntary motor preparation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16438. [PMID: 26574186 PMCID: PMC4648105 DOI: 10.1038/srep16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between electrophysiological activity and haemodynamic response during motor preparation by simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). It is still unknown how exactly EEG signals correlate with the haemodynamic response, although the activation in the premotor area during motor preparation has been captured by EEG and haemodynamic approaches separately. We conducted EEG-NIRS simultaneous recordings over the sensorimotor area with a self-paced button press task. Participants were instructed to press a button at their own pace after a cue was shown. The result showed that the readiness potential (RP), a negative slow potential shift occurring during motor preparation, on C3 in the extended 10–20 system occurred about 1000 ms before the movement onset. An increase in concentration of oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) in the premotor cortex during motor preparation was also confirmed by NIRS, which resulted in a significant correlation between the amplitude of the RP and the change in oxyHb concentration (Pearson’s correlation r2 = 0.235, p = 0.03). We show that EEG-NIRS simultaneous recording can demonstrate the correlation between the RP and haemodynamic response in the premotor cortex contralateral to the performing hand.
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Vinette SA, Dunn JF, Slone E, Federico P. Artifact reduction in long-term monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics using near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:025004. [PMID: 26158008 PMCID: PMC4478783 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique used to assess cerebral hemodynamics. Its portability, ease of use, and relatively low operational cost lend itself well to the long-term monitoring of hemodynamic changes, such as those in epilepsy, where events are unpredictable. Long-term monitoring is associated with challenges including alterations in behaviors and motion that can result in artifacts. Five patients with epilepsy were assessed for interictal hemodynamic changes and alterations in behavior or motion. Based on this work, visual inspection was used to identify NIRS artifacts during a period of interest, specifically prior to seizures, in four patients. A motion artifact reduction algorithm (MARA, also known as the spline interpolation method) was tested on these data. Alterations in the NIRS measurements often occurred simultaneously with changes in motion and behavior. Occasionally, sharp shift artifacts were observed in the data. When artifacts appeared as sustained baseline shifts in the data, MARA reduced the standard deviation of the data and the appearance improved. We discussed motion and artifacts as challenges associated with long-term monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with epilepsy and our group's approach to circumvent these challenges and improve the quality of the data collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Vinette
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Neuroscience, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Edward Slone
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Department of Neuroscience, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paolo Federico
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Address all correspondence to: Paolo Federico, E-mail:
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Scholkmann F, Metz AJ, Wolf M. Measuring tissue hemodynamics and oxygenation by continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy--how robust are the different calculation methods against movement artifacts? Physiol Meas 2014; 35:717-34. [PMID: 24622337 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/4/717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging enable tissue hemodynamics and oxygenation to be determined non-invasively. Movements of the investigated subject can cause movement artifacts (MAs) in the recorded signals. The strength and type of MAs induced depend on the measurement principle. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative relationship between different single-distance (SD) and multi-distance (MD) measurement methods and their susceptibility to MAs. We found that each method induces MAs to a different degree, and that MD methods are more robust against MAs than SD methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Holper L, Gross A, Scholkmann F, Humphreys BK, Meier ML, Wolf U, Wolf M, Hotz-Boendermaker S. Physiological effects of mechanical pain stimulation at the lower back measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy and capnography. J Integr Neurosci 2014; 13:121-42. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Everdell NL, Airantzis D, Kolvya C, Suzuki T, Elwell CE. A portable wireless near-infrared spatially resolved spectroscopy system for use on brain and muscle. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:1692-7. [PMID: 23706504 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, built and successfully tested a prototype portable and wireless near-infrared spectroscopy system. It takes forward the well-established series of NIRO spectroscopy instruments made by Hamamatsu Photonics (Hamamatsu City, Japan). It uses an identical optical probe, and has a data acquisition rate of 10 Hz. It illuminates the tissue with laser diode sources at 3 wavelengths of 775, 810 and 850 nm, and detects the reflected light with 2 silicon photodiode detectors at 2 different separations, enabling spatially resolved spectroscopy to be performed. We have tested it with both in vitro and in vivo experiments to establish its basic functionality for use in studies of both brain and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Everdell
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Scholkmann F, Gerber U, Wolf M, Wolf U. End-tidal CO2: an important parameter for a correct interpretation in functional brain studies using speech tasks. Neuroimage 2012; 66:71-9. [PMID: 23099101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effect of different speech tasks, i.e. recitation of prose (PR), alliteration (AR) and hexameter (HR) verses and a control task (mental arithmetic (MA) with voicing of the result on end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation. CO2 levels in the blood are known to strongly affect cerebral blood flow. Speech changes breathing pattern and may affect CO2 levels. Measurements were performed on 24 healthy adult volunteers during the performance of the 4 tasks. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and absolute concentrations of oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) and total hemoglobin ([tHb]) were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and PETCO2 by a gas analyzer. Statistical analysis was applied to the difference between baseline before the task, 2 recitation and 5 baseline periods after the task. The 2 brain hemispheres and 4 tasks were tested separately. A significant decrease in PETCO2 was found during all 4 tasks with the smallest decrease during the MA task. During the recitation tasks (PR, AR and HR) a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease occurred for StO2 during PR and AR in the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) and during AR and HR in the left PFC. [O2Hb] decreased significantly during PR, AR and HR in both hemispheres. [HHb] increased significantly during the AR task in the right PFC. [tHb] decreased significantly during HR in the right PFC and during PR, AR and HR in the left PFC. During the MA task, StO2 increased and [HHb] decreased significantly during the MA task. We conclude that changes in breathing (hyperventilation) during the tasks led to lower CO2 pressure in the blood (hypocapnia), predominantly responsible for the measured changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PETCO2 should be monitored during functional brain studies investigating speech using neuroimaging modalities, such as fNIRS, fMRI to ensure a correct interpretation of changes in hemodynamics and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scholkmann
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Gerber
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Zimmermann R, Marchal-Crespo L, Lambercy O, Fluet MC, Riener R, Wolf M, Gassert R. Towards a BCI for sensorimotor training: initial results from simultaneous fNIRS and biosignal recordings. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:6339-43. [PMID: 22255788 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the concept and initial results of a novel approach for robot assisted sensorimotor training in stroke rehabilitation. It is based on a brain-body-robot interface (B(2)RI), combining both neural and physiological recordings, that detects the intention to perform a motor task. By directly including the injured brain into the therapy, we ultimately aim at providing a new method for severely impaired patients to engage in active movement therapy. In the present study, seven healthy subjects performed an isometric finger pinching task while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals from motor cortical areas and biosignals were recorded simultaneously. Results showed an insignificant increase in the blood pressure during the preparation period prior to motor execution. During the execution period, significant changes in oxy-and deoxyhemoglobin were found in the primary motor cortex, accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, respiration rate and galvanic skin response (GSR). Cortical measurements of premotor areas and heart rate revealed significant changes at the subject level with large inter-subject variability. The results presented here will serve as priors for the design of further studies to test the efficacy of the concept with stroke patients, and the found effects will provide a basis for the development of a classifier for a future B(2)RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Dommer L, Jäger N, Scholkmann F, Wolf M, Holper L. Between-brain coherence during joint n-back task performance: a two-person functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Behav Brain Res 2012; 234:212-22. [PMID: 22750679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to step into two-person neuroscience by investigating the hemodynamic correlates of between-brain connectivity during joint task performance. To test this approach, wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record brain signals during performance of a dual n-back task simultaneously in paired players as compared to single players. Evaluating functional connectivity between the paired players' brains using wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis revealed (1) a significant increase in between-brain coherence during joint task performance as compared to baseline condition. These patterns were observed in two frequency bands, i.e. in the heart rate (HR) frequency and in low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). (2) Averaged hemodynamic responses revealed larger responses in total hemoglobin concentration changes [tHb] for the paired players as compared to the single players; in addition, within the paired players groups joint task performance revealed larger changes in [tHb] as compared to a rest period and to a baseline condition. (3) No increase in behavioral performance was found in the paired players as compared to the single players. Our findings designate fNIRS as suitable tool for monitoring interpersonal performances between two subjects. The results show that two-person performance leads to relevant and significant effects, which are detectable using between-brain connectivity analysis. Using this approach can provide additional insight into interpersonal activation patterns not detectable using typical one-person experiments. Our study demonstrates the potential of simultaneously assessing cerebral hemodynamic responses for various two-person experimental paradigms and research areas where interpersonal performances are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Dommer
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kobashi N, Holper L, Scholkmann F, Kiper D, Eng K. Enhancement of motor imagery-related cortical activation during first-person observation measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:1513-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Ferrari M, Quaresima V. A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. Neuroimage 2012; 63:921-35. [PMID: 22510258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional activation of the human cerebral cortex (due to oxygenation and hemodynamic changes) can be explored by NIRS, human functional brain mapping research has gained a new dimension. fNIRS or optical topography, or near-infrared imaging or diffuse optical imaging is used mainly to detect simultaneous changes in optical properties of the human cortex from multiple measurement sites and displays the results in the form of a map or image over a specific area. In order to place current fNIRS research in its proper context, this paper presents a brief historical overview of the events that have shaped the present status of fNIRS. In particular, technological progresses of fNIRS are highlighted (i.e., from single-site to multi-site functional cortical measurements (images)), introduction of the commercial multi-channel systems, recent commercial wireless instrumentation and more advanced prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Khan B, Chand P, Alexandrakis G. Spatiotemporal relations of primary sensorimotor and secondary motor activation patterns mapped by NIR imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:3367-86. [PMID: 22162826 PMCID: PMC3233255 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional near infrared (fNIR) imaging was used to identify spatiotemporal relations between spatially distinct cortical regions activated during various hand and arm motion protocols. Imaging was performed over a field of view (FOV, 12 x 8.4 cm) including the secondary motor, primary sensorimotor, and the posterior parietal cortices over a single brain hemisphere. This is a more extended FOV than typically used in current fNIR studies. Three subjects performed four motor tasks that induced activation over this extended FOV. The tasks included card flipping (pronation and supination) that, to our knowledge, has not been performed in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or fNIR studies. An earlier rise and a longer duration of the hemodynamic activation response were found in tasks requiring increased physical or mental effort. Additionally, analysis of activation images by cluster component analysis (CCA) demonstrated that cortical regions can be grouped into clusters, which can be adjacent or distant from each other, that have similar temporal activation patterns depending on whether the performed motor task is guided by visual or tactile feedback. These analyses highlight the future potential of fNIR imaging to tackle clinically relevant questions regarding the spatiotemporal relations between different sensorimotor cortex regions, e.g. ones involved in the rehabilitation response to motor impairments.
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Holper L, Wolf M. Single-trial classification of motor imagery differing in task complexity: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2011; 8:34. [PMID: 21682906 PMCID: PMC3133548 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For brain computer interfaces (BCIs), which may be valuable in neurorehabilitation, brain signals derived from mental activation can be monitored by non-invasive methods, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Single-trial classification is important for this purpose and this was the aim of the presented study. In particular, we aimed to investigate a combined approach: 1) offline single-trial classification of brain signals derived from a novel wireless fNIRS instrument; 2) to use motor imagery (MI) as mental task thereby discriminating between MI signals in response to different tasks complexities, i.e. simple and complex MI tasks. METHODS 12 subjects were asked to imagine either a simple finger-tapping task using their right thumb or a complex sequential finger-tapping task using all fingers of their right hand. fNIRS was recorded over secondary motor areas of the contralateral hemisphere. Using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and cross validation, we selected for each subject a best-performing feature combination consisting of 1) one out of three channel, 2) an analysis time interval ranging from 5-15 s after stimulation onset and 3) up to four Δ[O2Hb] signal features (Δ[O2Hb] mean signal amplitudes, variance, skewness and kurtosis). RESULTS The results of our single-trial classification showed that using the simple combination set of channels, time intervals and up to four Δ[O2Hb] signal features comprising Δ[O2Hb] mean signal amplitudes, variance, skewness and kurtosis, it was possible to discriminate single-trials of MI tasks differing in complexity, i.e. simple versus complex tasks (inter-task paired t-test p ≤ 0.001), over secondary motor areas with an average classification accuracy of 81%. CONCLUSIONS Although the classification accuracies look promising they are nevertheless subject of considerable subject-to-subject variability. In the discussion we address each of these aspects, their limitations for future approaches in single-trial classification and their relevance for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Holper
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory (BORL), Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroinformatics (INI), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory (BORL), Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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