1
|
Peter B. Hypnosis in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine. A brief overview. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377900. [PMID: 38659672 PMCID: PMC11040694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspects of hypnosis and its application in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine are examined and contextualized in the 250-year history of hypnosis. Imagination as an essential element of hypnotic treatments appeared as early as 1784 as an argument rejecting the theory of animal magnetism of Franz Anton Mesmer. In somnambulism of German romanticism, another proto-form of hypnosis after 1800, concepts of the mind-body problem were dealt with, which still characterize the understanding of unconscious mental processes today. Hypnosis was at the beginning of psychoanalysis, but was not pursued further by Sigmund Freud from 1900 onwards. Nevertheless, there were some hypnoanalytical approaches in the 20th century, as well as attempts to integrate hypnosis into behavior therapy. Techniques of imagination and relaxation combine both; in particular findings from cognitive psychology explain processes of both hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy. The influence of social psychology brought a new perspective to the debate about the nature of hypnosis, which continues to this day: is hypnosis to be understood as a special state of consciousness or is it a completely normal, mundane interaction? The experiments that were carried out to support one side or the other were also dependent on the hypnotizability of the subjects involved, as the more difficult hypnotic phenomena such as paralysis, hallucinations or identity delusions can only be demonstrated by highly hypnotizable subjects. The fact that these are not mere compliance reactions has now been proven by many studies using imaging techniques. But even those who are moderately hypnotizable benefit from hypnosis rituals. Variables postulated by socio-cognitive hypnosis researchers, such as motivation and expectation, are relevant, as is a good "hypnotic rapport." Practical application of hypnotherapy today is characterized by the innovative techniques and strategies developed by Milton H. Erickson. Research into the effectiveness of hypnosis in the field of psychotherapy and psychosomatics still leaves much to be done. The situation is different in the field of medical hypnosis, where there are considerably more studies with a satisfactory design and verifiable effects. However, the impact in practical application in everyday medical practice is still low. Newer developments such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence are being looked at with critical interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Peter
- MEG-Foundation, Wilhelmsthal-Hesselbach, Germany
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Pascalis V. Brain Functional Correlates of Resting Hypnosis and Hypnotizability: A Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38391691 PMCID: PMC10886478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis. A promising exploration avenue involves investigating how frontal lobes' neurochemical and aperiodic components of the EEG activity at waking-rest are linked to individual differences in hypnotizability. Future studies investigating the effects of hypnosis on brain function should prioritize examining distinctive activation patterns across various neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilfredo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Matos NMP, Staempfli P, Seifritz E, Preller K, Bruegger M. Investigating functional brain connectivity patterns associated with two hypnotic states. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1286336. [PMID: 38192504 PMCID: PMC10773817 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While there's been clinical success and growing research interest in hypnosis, neurobiological underpinnings induced by hypnosis remain unclear. In this fMRI study (which is part of a larger hypnosis project) with 50 hypnosis-experienced participants, we analyzed neural and physiological responses during two hypnosis states, comparing them to non-hypnotic control conditions and to each other. An unbiased whole-brain analysis (multi-voxel- pattern analysis, MVPA), pinpointed key neural hubs in parieto-occipital-temporal areas, cuneal/precuneal and occipital cortices, lingual gyri, and the occipital pole. Comparing directly both hypnotic states revealed depth-dependent connectivity changes, notably in left superior temporal/supramarginal gyri, cuneus, planum temporale, and lingual gyri. Multi-voxel- pattern analysis (MVPA) based seeds were implemented in a seed-to-voxel analysis unveiling region-specific increases and decreases in functional connectivity patterns. Physiologically, the respiration rate significantly slowed during hypnosis. Summarized, these findings foster fresh insights into hypnosis-induced functional connectivity changes and illuminate further knowledge related with the neurobiology of altered consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. P. de Matos
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staempfli
- MR-Center of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Preller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Bruegger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perri RL, Perrotta D, Rossani F, Pekala RJ. Boosting the hypnotic experience. Inhibition of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alters hypnotizability and sense of agency. A randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled tDCS study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 425:113833. [PMID: 35276309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hypnotizability refers to the individual responsiveness to hypnosis, and literature shows that the greater the hypnotizability, the more effective the hypnotic suggestions. So far, few studies attempted to enhance hypnotizability, and only two adopted brain stimulation with magnetic pulses. In the present study, we aimed to boost hypnotizability through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). To this aim, bilateral tDCS was applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with the target electrode providing negative current (cathodal stimulation) over the left hemisphere. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the study and they were randomly assigned to the sham or the active group in a double-blind design. The hypnotic experience was assessed before and after the stimulation through a phenomenological measure of consciousness (the PCI-HAP). The main findings revealed that a single tDCS session enhanced the hypnotic depth by 11% and reduced the volitional control by 30%, while no differences emerged in the sham group. This is the first study adopting the electrical neurostimulation to produce an alteration of hypnotizability and sense of agency, and confirmed the key-role of the DLPFC and executive control in the hypnotic phenomena. If confirmed, these findings could have relevant implications as enhanced hypnotizability could be translated into better outcomes for many hypnotic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo L Perri
- University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy; De Sanctis Clinical Center (CCDS), Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Ronald J Pekala
- Private Practice, West Chester, PA, USA & Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Coatesville, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DeSouza DD, Stimpson KH, Baltusis L, Sacchet MD, Gu M, Hurd R, Wu H, Yeomans DC, Willliams N, Spiegel D. Association between Anterior Cingulate Neurochemical Concentration and Individual Differences in Hypnotizability. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3644-3654. [PMID: 32108220 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis is the oldest form of Western psychotherapy and a powerful evidence-based treatment for numerous disorders. Hypnotizability is variable between individuals; however, it is a stable trait throughout adulthood, suggesting that neurophysiological factors may underlie hypnotic responsiveness. One brain region of particular interest in functional neuroimaging studies of hypnotizability is the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, we examined the relationships between the neurochemicals, GABA, and glutamate, in the ACC and hypnotizability in healthy individuals. Participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session, whereby T1-weighted anatomical and MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy scans were acquired. Voxel placement over the ACC was guided by a quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of hypnosis. Hypnotizability was assessed using the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP), and self-report questionnaires to assess absorption (TAS), dissociation (DES), and negative affect were completed. ACC GABA concentration was positively associated with HIP scores such that the higher the GABA concentration, the more hypnotizable an individual. An exploratory analysis of questionnaire subscales revealed a negative relationship between glutamate and the absorption and imaginative involvement subscale of the DES. These results provide a putative neurobiological basis for individual differences in hypnotizability and can inform our understanding of treatment response to this growing psychotherapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D DeSouza
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Katy H Stimpson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laima Baltusis
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont MA, USA
| | - Meng Gu
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Hurd
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David C Yeomans
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nolan Willliams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rainville P, Streff A, Chen JI, Houzé B, Desmarteaux C, Piché M. HYPNOTIC AUTOMATICITY IN THE BRAIN AT REST: An Arterial Spin Labelling Study. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2019; 67:512-542. [PMID: 31526265 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2019.1650578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The feeling of automaticity reported by individuals undergoing a hypnotic procedure is an essential dimension of hypnosis phenomenology. In the present study, healthy participants rated their subjective experience of automaticity and resting-state arterial spin labelling (ASL) scans were acquired before and after a standard hypnotic induction (i.e., "neutral hypnosis"). The increase in perceived automaticity was positively associated with activity in the parietal operculum (PO) and seed-based coactivation analysis revealed additional associations in the anterior part of the supracallosal cingulate cortex (aMCC). This is consistent with the role of these regions in perceived self-agency and volition and demonstrates that these effects can be evidenced at rest, in the absence of overt motor challenges. Future studies should further examine if/how these changes in brain activity associated with automaticity might facilitate the responses to suggestions and contribute to clinical benefits of hypnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Rainville
- Department of Stomatology, University of Montreal, Research Centre of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal , Canada
| | - Anouk Streff
- Research Centre of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal , Canada
| | - Jen-I Chen
- Department of Stomatology, University of Montreal, Research Centre of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal , Canada
| | - Bérengère Houzé
- Research Centre of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal , Canada
| | - Carolane Desmarteaux
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Research Centre of the University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal , Canada
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Chiropractic and CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Liu Y, Chen H, Hu G, Yu S, Ruan X, Luo Z, Wei X, Xie Y. Altered Global Synchronizations in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:139. [PMID: 31293411 PMCID: PMC6603131 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities of cognitive and movement functions are widely reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The mechanisms therein are complicated and assumed to a coordination of various brain regions. This study explored the alterations of global synchronizations of brain activities and investigated the neural correlations of cognitive and movement function in PD patients. Methods: Thirty-five age-matched patients with PD and 35 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. Degree centrality (DC) was calculated to measure the global synchronizations of brain activity for two groups. Neural correlations between DC and cognitive function Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), as well as movement function Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III), were examined across the whole brain within Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) templates. Results: In the PD group, increased DC was observed in left fusiform gyrus extending to inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and angular gyrus, while it was decreased in right inferior opercular-frontal gyrus extending to superior temporal gyrus (STG). The DC in a significant region of the fusiform gyrus was positively correlated with UPDRS-III scores in PD (r = 0.41, p = 0.0145). Higher FAB scores were shown in NC than PD (p < 0.0001). Correlative analysis of PD between DC and FAB showed negative results (p < 0.05) in frontal cortex, whereas positive in insula and cerebellum. As for the correlations between DC and UPDRS-III, negative correlation (p < 0.05) was observed in bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and right cerebellum, whereas positive correlation (p < 0.05) in bilateral hippocampus and para-hippocampus gyrus (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The altered global synchronizations revealed altered cognitive and movement functions in PD. The findings suggested that the global functional connectivity in fusiform gyrus, cerebellum and hippocampus gyrus are critical regions in the identification of cognitive and movement functions in PD. This study provides new insights on the interactions among global coordination of brain activity, cognitive and movement functions in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haobo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihe Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaode Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiuhang Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoqin Xie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigation on the Neural Mechanism of Hypnosis-Based Respiratory Control Using Functional MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:8182542. [PMID: 30065621 PMCID: PMC6051291 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8182542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory control is essential for treatment effect of radiotherapy due to the high dose, especially for thoracic-abdomen tumor, such as lung and liver tumors. As a noninvasive and comfortable way of respiratory control, hypnosis has been proven effective as a psychological technology in clinical therapy. In this study, the neural control mechanism of hypnosis for respiration was investigated by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Altered spontaneous brain activity as well as neural correlation of respiratory motion was detected for eight healthy subjects in normal state (NS) and hypnosis state (HS) guided by a hypnotist. Reduced respiratory amplitude was observed in HS (mean ± SD: 14.23 ± 3.40 mm in NS, 12.79 ± 2.49 mm in HS, p=0.0350), with mean amplitude deduction of 9.2%. Interstate difference of neural activity showed activations in the visual cortex and cerebellum, while deactivations in the prefrontal cortex and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) in HS. Within these regions, negative correlations of neural activity and respiratory motion were observed in visual cortex in HS. Moreover, in HS, voxel-wise neural correlations of respiratory amplitude demonstrated positive correlations in cerebellum anterior lobe and insula, while negative correlations were shown in the prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor area. These findings reveal the involvement of cognitive, executive control, and sensorimotor processing in the control mechanisms of hypnosis for respiration, and shed new light on hypnosis performance in interaction of psychology, physiology, and cognitive neuroscience.
Collapse
|
9
|
Walsh E, Oakley DA, Halligan PW, Mehta MA, Deeley Q. Brain mechanisms for loss of awareness of thought and movement. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:793-801. [PMID: 28338742 PMCID: PMC5460054 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or reduction of awareness is common in neuropsychiatric disorders and culturally influenced dissociative phenomena but the underlying brain mechanisms are poorly understood. fMRI was combined with suggestions for automatic writing in 18 healthy highly hypnotically suggestible individuals in a within-subjects design to determine whether clinical alterations in awareness of thought and movement can be experimentally modelled and studied independently of illness. Subjective ratings of control, ownership, and awareness of thought and movement, and fMRI data were collected following suggestions for thought insertion and alien control of writing movement, with and without loss of awareness. Subjective ratings confirmed that suggestions were effective. At the neural level, our main findings indicated that loss of awareness for both thought and movement during automatic writing was associated with reduced activation in a predominantly left-sided posterior cortical network including BA 7 (superior parietal lobule and precuneus), and posterior cingulate cortex, involved in self-related processing and awareness of the body in space. Reduced activity in posterior parietal cortices may underlie specific clinical and cultural alterations in awareness of thought and movement. Clinically, these findings may assist development of imaging assessments for loss of awareness of psychological origin, and interventions such as neurofeedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Walsh
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - David A Oakley
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK
| | | | - Mitul A Mehta
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Quinton Deeley
- Cultural and Social Neuroscience Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Landry M, Lifshitz M, Raz A. Brain correlates of hypnosis: A systematic review and meta-analytic exploration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 81:75-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Hassa T, de Jel E, Tuescher O, Schmidt R, Schoenfeld MA. Functional networks of motor inhibition in conversion disorder patients and feigning subjects. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:719-727. [PMID: 27330971 PMCID: PMC4900693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The neural correlates of motor inhibition leading to paresis in conversion disorder are not well known. The key question is whether they are different of those of normal subjects feigning the symptoms. Thirteen conversion disorder patients with hemiparesis and twelve healthy controls were investigated using functional magnetic resonance tomography under conditions of passive motor stimulation of the paretic/feigned paretic and the non-paretic hand. Healthy controls were also investigated in a non-feigning condition. During passive movement of the affected right hand conversion disorder patients exhibited activations in the bilateral triangular part of the inferior frontal gyri (IFG), with a left side dominance compared to controls in non-feigning condition. Feigning controls revealed for the same condition a weak unilateral activation in the right triangular part of IFG and an activity decrease in frontal midline areas, which couldn't be observed in patients. The results suggest that motor inhibition in conversion disorder patients is mediated by the IFG that was also involved in inhibition processes in normal subjects. The activity pattern in feigning controls resembled that of conversion disorder patients but with a clear difference in the medial prefrontal cortex. Healthy controls showed decreased activity in this region during feigning compared to non-feigning conditions suggesting a reduced sense of self-agency during feigning. Remarkably, no activity differences could be observed in medial prefrontal cortex for patients vs healthy controls in feigning or non-feigning conditions suggesting self-agency related activity in patients to be in between those of non-feigning and feigning healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hassa
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Allensbach, Germany; Neurological Rehabilitation Center Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany.
| | - Esther de Jel
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tuescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Department of Psychotherapeutic Neurology, Neurological Rehabilitation Center Kliniken Schmieder, Konstanz and Gailingen, Germany
| | - Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ludwig VU, Seitz J, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Höse A, Abler B, Hole G, Goebel R, Walter H. The neural correlates of movement intentions: A pilot study comparing hypnotic and simulated paralysis. Conscious Cogn 2015; 35:158-70. [PMID: 26036837 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distinct feeling of wanting to act and thereby causing our own actions is crucial to our self-perception as free human agents. Disturbances of the link between intention and action occur in several disorders. Little is known, however, about the neural correlates of wanting or intending to act. To investigate these for simple voluntary movements, we used a paradigm involving hypnotic paralysis and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eight healthy women were instructed to sequentially perform left and right hand movements during a normal condition, as well as during simulated weakness, simulated paralysis and hypnotic paralysis of the right hand. Right frontopolar cortex was selectively hypoactivated for attempted right hand movement during simulated paralysis while it was active in all other conditions. Since simulated paralysis was the only condition lacking an intention to move, the activation in frontopolar cortex might be related to the intention or volition to move.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera U Ludwig
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH University Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Annett Höse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Günter Hole
- Aus- und Weiterbildungsinstitut für Hypnosetherapie, Kantstr. 5/3, D-88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Over more than two decades, studies using imaging techniques of the living human brain have begun to explore the neural correlates of hypnosis. The collective findings provide a gripping, albeit preliminary, account of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved in hypnotic phenomena. While substantial advances lend support to different hypotheses pertaining to hypnotic modulation of attention, control, and monitoring processes, the complex interactions among the many mediating variables largely hinder our ability to isolate robust commonalities across studies. The present account presents a critical integrative synthesis of neuroimaging studies targeting hypnosis as a function of suggestion. Specifically, hypnotic induction without task-specific suggestion is examined, as well as suggestions concerning sensation and perception, memory, and ideomotor response. The importance of carefully designed experiments is highlighted to better tease apart the neural correlates that subserve hypnotic phenomena. Moreover, converging findings intimate that hypnotic suggestions seem to induce specific neural patterns. These observations propose that suggestions may have the ability to target focal brain networks. Drawing on evidence spanning several technological modalities, neuroimaging studies of hypnosis pave the road to a more scientific understanding of a dramatic, yet largely evasive, domain of human behavior.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Halligan PW, Oakley DA. Hypnosis and cognitive neuroscience: Bridging the gap. Cortex 2013; 49:359-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|