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Ke M, Wang C, Liu G. Multilayer brain network modeling and dynamic analysis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1123534. [PMID: 36969802 PMCID: PMC10036585 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is indisputable that the functional connectivity of the brain network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients is abnormal. As a mathematical extension of the traditional network model, the multilayer network can fully capture the fluctuations of brain imaging data with time, and capture subtle abnormal dynamic changes. This study assumed that the dynamic structure of JME patients is abnormal and used the multilayer network framework to analyze the change brain community structure in JME patients from the perspective of dynamic analysis.Methods: First, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 35 JME patients and 34 healthy control subjects. In addition, the communities of the two groups were explored with the help of a multilayer network model and a multilayer community detection algorithm. Finally, differences were described by metrics that are specific to the multilayer network.Results: Compared with healthy controls, JME patients had a significantly lower modularity degree of the brain network. Furthermore, from the level of the functional network, the integration of the default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN) in JME patients showed a significantly higher trend, and the flexibility of the attention network (AN) also increased significantly. At the node level, the integration of seven nodes of the DMN was significantly increased, the integration of five nodes of the VN was significantly increased, and the flexibility of three nodes of the AN was significantly increased. Moreover, through division of the core-peripheral system, we found that the left insula and left cuneus were core regions specific to the JME group, while most of the peripheral systems specific to the JME group were distributed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Finally, we found that the flexibility of the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus was significantly correlated with the severity of JME symptoms.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the dynamic community structure of JME patients is indeed abnormal. These results provide a new perspective for the study of dynamic changes in communities in JME patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ke
- School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ke Guangyao Liu
| | - Changliang Wang
- School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ke Guangyao Liu
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2
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Müller-Pinzler L, Czekalla N, Mayer AV, Schröder A, Stolz DS, Paulus FM, Krach S. Neurocomputational mechanisms of affected beliefs. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1241. [PMCID: PMC9663730 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe feedback people receive on their behavior shapes the process of belief formation and self-efficacy in mastering a particular task. However, the neural and computational mechanisms of how the subjective value of self-efficacy beliefs, and the corresponding affect, influence the learning process remain unclear. We investigated these mechanisms during self-efficacy belief formation using fMRI, pupillometry, and computational modeling, and by analyzing individual differences in affective experience. Biases in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs were associated with affect, pupil dilation, and neural activity within the anterior insula, amygdala, ventral tegmental area/ substantia nigra, and mPFC. Specifically, neural and pupil responses mapped the valence of the prediction errors in correspondence with individuals’ experienced affective states and learning biases during self-efficacy belief formation. Together with the functional connectivity dynamics of the anterior insula within this network, our results provide evidence for neural and computational mechanisms of how we arrive at affected beliefs.
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3
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Liu G, Zheng W, Liu H, Guo M, Ma L, Hu W, Ke M, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Aberrant dynamic structure-function relationship of rich-club organization in treatment-naïve newly diagnosed juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3633-3645. [PMID: 35417064 PMCID: PMC9294302 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is characterized by impaired brain networks. However, few studies have investigated the potential disruptions in rich‐club organization—a core feature of the brain networks. Moreover, it is unclear how structure–function relationships dynamically change over time in JME. Here, we quantify the anatomical rich‐club organization and dynamic structural and functional connectivity (SC–FC) coupling in 47 treatment‐naïve newly diagnosed patients with JME and 40 matched healthy controls. Dynamic functional network efficiency and its association with SC–FC coupling were also calculated to examine the supporting of structure–function relationship to brain information transfer. The results showed that the anatomical rich‐club organization was disrupted in the patient group, along with decreased connectivity strength among rich‐club hub nodes. Furthermore, reduced SC–FC coupling in rich‐club organization of the patients was found in two functionally independent dynamic states, that is the functional segregation state (State 1) and the strong somatomotor‐cognitive control interaction state (State 5); and the latter was significantly associated with disease severity. In addition, the relationships between SC–FC coupling of hub nodes connections and functional network efficiency in State 1 were found to be absent in patients. The aberrant dynamic SC–FC coupling of rich‐club organization suggests a selective influence of densely interconnected network core in patients with JME at the early phase of the disease, offering new insights and potential biomarkers into the underlying neurodevelopmental basis of behavioral and cognitive impairments observed in JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Man Guo
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Laiyang Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Hu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Ke
- College of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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A systematic review of resting-state and task-based fmri in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:1465-1494. [PMID: 34786666 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging modalities have enhanced our understanding of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) underlying neural mechanisms. Due to its non-invasive, sensitive and analytical nature, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides valuable insights into relevant functional brain networks and their segregation and integration properties. We systematically reviewed the contribution of resting-state and task-based fMRI to the current understanding of the pathophysiology and the patterns of seizure propagation in JME Altogether, despite some discrepancies, functional findings suggest that corticothalamo-striato-cerebellar network along with default-mode network and salience network are the most affected networks in patients with JME. However, further studies are required to investigate the association between JME's main deficiencies, e.g., motor and cognitive deficiencies and fMRI findings. Moreover, simultaneous electroencephalography-fMRI (EEG-fMRI) studies indicate that alterations of these networks play a role in seizure modulation but fall short of identifying a causal relationship between altered functional properties and seizure propagation. This review highlights the complex pathophysiology of JME, which necessitates the design of more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in this group.
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5
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Disentangling the Association between the Insula and the Autonomic Nervous System. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3051-3053. [PMID: 33827971 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2225-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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6
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Shu T, Xiao X, Long Z, Zhang R. Reduced structural covariance connectivity of defaut mode network and salience network in MRI-normal focal epilepsy. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1289-1295. [PMID: 33165193 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have found altered functional connectivity of default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) in patients with focal epilepsy (FE). However, the structural basis underlying the functional connectivity disturbance in the patients is still unclear. Sixteen MRI-normal FE and 22 healthy controls were included in the current study. The T1 structural image of each participant was obtained. Seed-based structural covariance connectivity was employed to investigate changes of structural covariance connectivity of DMN and SN in FE patients. We further evaluated gray matter volume changes of brain areas showing altered structural connectivity in the patients. We found that patients with FE showed reduced connectivity of posterior cingulate cortex and left medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex, and reduced connectivity of right fronto-insula cortex with left insula, orbitofrontal cortex, opercum part of inferior frontal cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex compared with healthy controls. Moreover, those brain areas showing significant reduced structural covariance connectivity in patients with FE also had a loss of gray matter volume, indicating that reduced structural connectivity of DMN and SN might be associated with gray matter atrophy in the patients. Those results highlight the crucial role of DMN and SN in the pathology of patients with FE, and provided structural basis for the functional disturbance of the two networks in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- Medical Imaging Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xinlan Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
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7
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Gama AP, Taura M, Alonso NB, Sousa AM, Noffs MHDS, Yacubian EM, Guilhoto LM. Impulsiveness, personality traits and executive functioning in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure 2020; 82:125-132. [PMID: 33068959 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate impulsiveness in adult patients with JME and its relationship with personality traits and executive functioning. METHODS Patients completed psychiatric evaluation (DSM IV), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Neo Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and executive functioning evaluation comprising Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA), Digit Span, Trail Making Tests (TMT), Stroop Test (ST) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT). Healthy controls (63 % female, mean age 35.7 yrs. (±8.37)) were examined to allow calculation of z-scores. RESULTS 50 patients (70 % female; mean age 32.5 yrs. (±9.2)) presented higher scores of Total (z=-0.37; p = 0.005) and Motor Impulsiveness (z=-0.79; p < 0.001) on BIS-11. Motor Impulsiveness was associated with higher rates of mild psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) (p = 0.035) and worse myoclonic seizure control (p = 0.007). NEO PI-R showed differences on Neuroticism (z=-0.60; p < 0.001), Openness (z = 0.38; p = 0.043), Agreeableness (z=-0.38; p = 0.033) and Conscientiousness (z=-0.53; p = 0.003). There were positive correlations between BIS-11 and Neuroticism with Total, Motor and Non-Planning Impulsiveness, on the other hand, Conscientiousness was negatively correlated with these as well as with Attentive Impulsiveness. Patients performance was worse than that of controls on COWA (z=-0.43; p = 0.009) and WCST's Total Number of Completed Categories (z=-2.08; p = 0.005), Trials Taken to Complete First Category (z=-1.56; p = 0.013), Percentage of Total Errors (z=-1.56; p < 0.001), Perseverative Errors (z=-0.73; p = 0.002), Non-Perseverative Errors (z=-1.05; p = 0.003) and Conceptual Level Responses (z=-1.52; p < 0.001). Non-Planning Impulsiveness correlated with Performance (ST and TMT). CONCLUSION Patients with JME present with impulsive behavior, personality features and executive dysfunction which are linked and may lead to lack of commitment in treatment and affect other aspects of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Peres Gama
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Taura
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neide Barreira Alonso
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Menezes Sousa
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena da Silva Noffs
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Márcia Yacubian
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Guilhoto
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias (UNIPETE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Zheng W, Shi J, Liu H, Sun Y. Altered dynamic effective connectivity of the default mode network in newly diagnosed drug-naïve juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102431. [PMID: 32950903 PMCID: PMC7509229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been repeatedly revealed to be associated with brain dysconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN). However, the implicit assumption of stationary and nondirectional functional connectivity (FC) in most previous resting-state fMRI studies raises an open question of JME-related aberrations in dynamic causal properties of FC. Here, we introduces an empirical method incorporating sliding-window approach and a multivariate Granger causality analysis to investigate, for the first time, the reorganization of dynamic effective connectivity (DEC) in DMN for patients with JME. DEC was obtained from resting-state fMRI of 34 patients with newly diagnosed and drug-naïve JME and 34 matched controls. Through clustering analysis, we found two distinct states that characterize the DEC patterns (i.e., a less frequent, strongly connected state (State 1) and a more frequent, weakly connected state (State 2)). Patients showed altered ECs within DMN subnetworks in the State 2, whereas abnormal ECs between DMN subnetworks were found in the State 1. Furthermore, we observed that the causal influence flows of the medial prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus were altered in a manner of state specificity, and associated with disease severity of patients. Overall, our findings extend the dysconnectivity hypothesis in JME from static to dynamic causal FC and demonstrate that aberrant DEC may underlie abnormal brain function in JME at early phase of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Alonso NB, de Albuquerque M, Vidal-Dourado M, Cavicchioli LH, Mazetto L, de Araújo Filho GM, de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto LM, Centeno RS, Yacubian EMT. Revisiting personality in epilepsy: Differentiation of personality in two epilepsies starting in adolescence. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:75-82. [PMID: 31195327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate personality characteristics and clinical parameters in two well-defined epilepsies: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) through NEO Revised Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Neurobehavior Inventory (NBI) standardized instruments. METHODS One hundred patients undergoing corticoamygdalohippocampectomy (CAH), 100 patients with JME, and 100 control subjects answered the personality measures. Clinical parameters such as psychiatric symptoms, seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, and side of the lesion in MTLE/HS group were investigated. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each variable. Student's t-test or Fisher exact test were used according to the variable studied. RESULTS The three groups were within the average range of NEO-PI-R and NBI, although 'tendencies' and differences were demonstrated. The MTLE/HS and control subjects had a similar profile: low scores in Neuroticism and high in Conscientiousness (r = -0.330; p < 0.001/r = -0.567; p < 0.001, respectively) in opposition to what occurred in JME, low in Conscientiousness and high in Neuroticism (r = -0.509; p = 0.005). The NBI 'sense of personal destiny' trait was higher (3.15; p = 0.003) in MTLE/HS than in JME and controls. The JME 'law and order' scores were lower than in other groups (p = 0.024). A tendency towards specific NBI traits differentiates MTLE/HS (Factor 3) from JME (Factor 1) groups. Psychiatric symptoms and seizure frequency were correlated with worse scores in NBI and, especially, in Neuroticism domain of NEO-PI-R. CONCLUSION Specific personality features were linked to each epileptic disease. These findings highlight the importance of considering unique features linked to epilepsy conditions in daily clinical observation to develop support programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Barreira Alonso
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marly de Albuquerque
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vidal-Dourado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lenon Mazetto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Silva Centeno
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shashidhara S, Mitchell DJ, Erez Y, Duncan J. Progressive Recruitment of the Frontoparietal Multiple-demand System with Increased Task Complexity, Time Pressure, and Reward. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1617-1630. [PMID: 31274390 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A distributed, frontoparietal "multiple-demand" (MD) network is involved in tasks of many different kinds. Integrated activity across this network may be needed to bind together the multiple features of a mental control program (Duncan, 2013). Previous data suggest that, especially with low cognitive load, there may be some differentiation between MD regions (e.g., anterior vs. posterior regions of lateral frontal cortex), but with increasing load, there is progressive recruitment of the entire network. Differentiation may reflect preferential access to different task features, whereas co-recruitment may reflect information exchange and integration. To examine these patterns, we used manipulations of complexity, time pressure, and reward while participants solved a spatial maze. Complexity was manipulated by combining two simple tasks. Time pressure was added by fading away the maze during route planning, and on some of these trials, there was the further possibility of a substantial reward. Simple tasks evoked activity only in posterior MD regions, including posterior lateral frontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area/anterior cingulate, and intraparietal sulcus. With increasing complexity, time pressure, and reward, increases in activity were broadly distributed across the MD network, though with quantitative variations. Across the MD network, the results show a degree of functional differentiation, especially at low load, but strong co-recruitment with increased challenge or incentive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaara Erez
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Duncan
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.,University of Oxford
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11
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Saito Y, Ueshima A, Tanida S, Kameda T. How does social information affect charitable giving?: Empathic concern promotes support for underdog recipient. Soc Neurosci 2019; 14:751-764. [PMID: 30908113 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1599421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Charitable giving represents a unique cooperative characteristic of humans. In today's environment with social media, our charitable decisions seem to be influenced by social information such as a project's popularity. Here we report three experiments that examined people's reactions to social information about a charitable endeavor and their psychophysiological underpinnings. Participants were first solicited to make donations to either the Africa or Syria project of UNICEF. Then participants were provided an opportunity to learn social information (i.e., how much each project had raised from previous participants) and change their decision if desired. Contrary to expectation, participants who learned that their initial preferences were consistent with the majority of previous participants' choices exhibited a sizable tendency to switch to the less popular project in their final choices. This anti-conformity pattern was robust across the three experiments. Eye-tracking data (gaze bias and pupil dilation) indicated that these "Changers" were more physiologically aroused and formed more differential valuations between the two charity projects, compared to "Keepers" who retained their initial preferences after viewing the social information. These results suggest that social information about relative popularity may evoke empathic concern for the worse-off target, in line with the human tendency to avoid unequal distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimatsu Saito
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ueshima
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigehito Tanida
- Faculty of Psychology and Sociology, Taisho University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameda
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University , Tokyo , Japan.,Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University , Hokkaido , Japan
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12
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Wang Y, Berglund IS, Uppman M, Li TQ. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy has hyper dynamic functional connectivity in the dorsolateral frontal cortex. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 21:101604. [PMID: 30527355 PMCID: PMC6412974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterize the static and dynamic functional connectivity for subjects with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using a quantitative data-driven analysis approach. METHODS Whole-brain resting-state functional MRI data were acquired on a 3 T whole-body clinical MRI scanner from 18 subjects clinically diagnosed with JME and 25 healthy control subjects. 2-min sliding-window approach was incorporated in the quantitative data-driven data analysis framework to assess both the dynamic and static functional connectivity in the resting brains. Two-sample t-tests were performed voxel-wise to detect the differences in functional connectivity metrics based on connectivity strength and density. RESULTS The static functional connectivity metrics based on quantitative data-driven analysis of the entire 10-min acquisition window of resting-state functional MRI data revealed significantly enhanced functional connectivity in JME patients in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, precentral and middle temporal gyri. The dynamic functional connectivity metrics derived by incorporating a 2-min sliding window into quantitative data-driven analysis demonstrated significant hyper dynamic functional connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and dorsal striatum. Connectivity strength metrics (both static and dynamic) can detect more extensive functional connectivity abnormalities in the resting-state functional networks (RFNs) and depict also larger overlap between static and dynamic functional connectivity results. CONCLUSION Incorporating a 2-min sliding window into quantitative data-driven analysis of resting-state functional MRI data can reveal additional information on the temporally fluctuating RFNs of the human brain, which indicate that RFNs involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have temporal varying hyper dynamic characteristics in JME patients. Assessing dynamic along with static functional connectivity may provide further insights into the abnormal function connectivity underlying the pathological brain functioning in JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Wang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Ivanka Savic Berglund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Martin Uppman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tie-Qiang Li
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Garibotto V, Wissmeyer M, Giavri Z, Goldstein R, Seimbille Y, Seeck M, Ratib O, Haller S, Picard F. Nicotinic receptor abnormalities as a biomarker in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:385-395. [PMID: 30269157 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations of cholinergic neuronal nicotinic receptors have been identified in the autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE), associated with changes on PET images using [18F]-F-85380-A (F-A-85380), an α4β2 nicotinic receptor ligand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential changes in nicotinic receptor availability in other types of epilepsy. METHODS We included 34 male participants, 12 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), 10 with non-lesional diurnal focal epilepsy, and 12 age-matched healthy controls. All patients underwent PET/CT using F-A-85380 and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 3D T1 MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). F-A-85380 and FDG images were compared with the control group using a voxel-wise (SPM12) and a volumes of interest (VOI) analysis. RESULTS In the group of patients with IGE, the voxel-wise and VOI analyses showed a significant increase of F-A-85380 ratio index of binding potential (BPRI, corresponding to the receptor availability) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), without structural changes on MRI. At an individual level, F-A-85380 BPRI increase in the ACC could distinguish IGE patients from controls and from patients with focal epilepsy with good accuracy. CONCLUSIONS We observed focal changes of density/availability of nicotinic receptors in IGE, namely an increase in the ACC. These data suggest that the modulation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors plays a role not only in ADNFLE, but also in other genetic epileptic syndromes such as IGE and could serve as a biomarker of epilepsy syndromes with a genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Garibotto
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Wissmeyer
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Zoi Giavri
- Advantis Medical Imaging, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Goldstein
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Osman Ratib
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,CIRD - Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Rue Chantepoulet 21, 1201, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabienne Picard
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.
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14
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Kuniecki M, Wołoszyn K, Domagalik A, Pilarczyk J. Disentangling brain activity related to the processing of emotional visual information and emotional arousal. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1589-1597. [PMID: 29181589 PMCID: PMC5884919 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Processing of emotional visual information engages cognitive functions and induces arousal. We aimed to examine the modulatory role of emotional valence on brain activations linked to the processing of visual information and those linked to arousal. Participants were scanned and their pupil size was measured while viewing negative and neutral images. The visual noise was added to the images in various proportions to parametrically manipulate the amount of visual information. Pupil size was used as an index of physiological arousal. We show that arousal induced by the negative images, as compared to the neutral ones, is primarily related to greater amygdala activity while increasing visibility of negative content to enhanced activity in the lateral occipital complex (LOC). We argue that more intense visual processing of negative scenes can occur irrespective of the level of arousal. It may suggest that higher areas of the visual stream are fine-tuned to process emotionally relevant objects. Both arousal and processing of emotional visual information modulated activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Overlapping activations within the vmPFC may reflect the integration of these aspects of emotional processing. Additionally, we show that emotionally-evoked pupil dilations are related to activations in the amygdala, vmPFC, and LOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kuniecki
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kinga Wołoszyn
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Neurobiology Department, The Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pilarczyk
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Microstructural white matter changes and their relation to neuropsychological deficits in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 76:56-62. [PMID: 28927715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome. Neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies have led to the hypothesis that JME is related to dysfunction of frontal brain regions and mainly frontal thalamocortical networks. METHODS We investigated possible microstructural white matter abnormalities of 20 patients with JME as compared with 20 healthy control subjects using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We analyzed whole-head DTI scans without an a-priori hypothesis using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). To analyze associated gray matter changes, we applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to a 3D T1 magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence. Neuropsychological testing and personality trait tests were performed to bridge the gap between structure and function. RESULTS In patients, DTI revealed microstructural white matter changes in anterior parts of the Corpus callosum, anterior parts of the cingulate gyrus, and widespread frontal white matter bilaterally as well as in anterior parts of the right thalamus, which were not accompanied by gray matter changes in VBM. Microstructural changes in the cingulum correlated with personality traits. Neuropsychological test results showed impaired attention and executive functions and reduced short-term memory in the patient group. Also, there was a tendency toward alexithymia and significantly higher scores on depression. SIGNIFICANCE The present study results showed neuropsychological deficits including frontal lobe cognitive performance and a tendency toward alexithymia as well as accompanying microstructural neuroimaging changes in patients with JME, which all point to alterations in frontal brain regions and frontal thalamocortical networks in these patients.
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16
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Laneri D, Krach S, Paulus FM, Kanske P, Schuster V, Sommer J, Müller‐Pinzler L. Mindfulness meditation regulates anterior insula activity during empathy for social pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4034-4046. [PMID: 28504364 PMCID: PMC6867068 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, promote health, and well-being, as well as to increase compassionate behavior toward others. It reduces distress to one's own painful experiences, going along with altered neural responses, by enhancing self-regulatory processes and decreasing emotional reactivity. In order to investigate if mindfulness similarly reduces distress and neural activations associated with empathy for others' socially painful experiences, which might in the following more strongly motivate prosocial behavior, the present study compared trait, and state effects of long-term mindfulness meditation (LTM) practice. To do so we acquired behavioral data and neural activity measures using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an empathy for social pain task while manipulating the meditation state between two groups of LTM practitioners that were matched with a control group. The results show increased activations of the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the medial prefrontal cortex and temporal pole when sharing others' social suffering, both in LTM practitioners and controls. However, in LTM practitioners, who practiced mindfulness meditation just prior to observing others' social pain, left AI activation was lower and the strength of AI activation following the mindfulness meditation was negatively associated with trait compassion in LTM practitioners. The findings suggest that current mindfulness meditation could provide an adaptive mechanism in coping with distress due to the empathic sharing of others' suffering, thereby possibly enabling compassionate behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4034-4046, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Laneri
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann Strasse 8Marburg35039Germany
| | - Sören Krach
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160Lübeck23538Germany
| | - Frieder M Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160Lübeck23538Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Department of Social NeuroscienceMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesStephanstr. 1aLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Verena Schuster
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann Strasse 8Marburg35039Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann Strasse 8Marburg35039Germany
| | - Laura Müller‐Pinzler
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160Lübeck23538Germany
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17
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Preckel K, Kanske P, Singer T, Paulus FM, Krach S. Clinical trial of modulatory effects of oxytocin treatment on higher-order social cognition in autism spectrum disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind and crossover trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:329. [PMID: 27655235 PMCID: PMC5031348 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions with severe impairments in social communication and interaction. Pioneering research suggests that oxytocin can improve motivation, cognition and attention to social cues in patients with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this clinical trial is to characterize basic mechanisms of action of acute oxytocin treatment on neural levels and to relate these to changes in different levels of socio-affective and -cognitive functioning. METHODS This clinical study is a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, multicenter functional magnetic resonance imaging study with two arms. A sample of 102 male autism spectrum disorder patients, diagnosed with Infantile Autistic Disorder (F84.0 according to ICD-10), Asperger Syndrome (F84.5 according to ICD-10), or Atypical Autism (F84.1 according to ICD-10) will be recruited and will receive oxytocin and placebo nasal spray on two different days. Autism spectrum disorder patients will be randomized to determine who receives oxytocin on the first and who on the second visit. Healthy control participants will be recruited and case-control matched to the autism spectrum disorder patients. The primary outcome will be neural network activity, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants perform socio-affective and -cognitive tasks. Behavioral markers such as theory of mind accuracy ratings and response times will be assessed as secondary outcomes in addition to physiological measures such as skin conductance. Trait measures for alexithymia, interpersonal reactivity, and social anxiety will also be evaluated. Additionally, we will analyze the effect of oxytocin receptor gene variants and how these potentially influence the primary and secondary outcome measures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments will take place at two time points which will be scheduled at least two weeks apart to ensure a sufficient wash-out time after oxytocin treatment. The study has been approved by an ethical review board and the competent authority. DISCUSSION Revealing the mechanisms of acute oxytocin administration, especially on the socio-affective and -cognitive domains at hand, will be a further step towards novel therapeutic interventions regarding autism. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00010053 . The trial was registered on the 8th of April 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Preckel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frieder M Paulus
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sören Krach
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Krach S, Kamp‐Becker I, Einhäuser W, Sommer J, Frässle S, Jansen A, Rademacher L, Müller‐Pinzler L, Gazzola V, Paulus FM. Evidence from pupillometry and fMRI indicates reduced neural response during vicarious social pain but not physical pain in autism. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4730-44. [PMID: 26367817 PMCID: PMC6869621 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by substantial social deficits. The notion that dysfunctions in neural circuits involved in sharing another's affect explain these deficits is appealing, but has received only modest experimental support. Here we evaluated a complex paradigm on the vicarious social pain of embarrassment to probe social deficits in ASD as to whether it is more potent than paradigms currently in use. To do so we acquired pupillometry and fMRI in young adults with ASD and matched healthy controls. During a simple vicarious physical pain task no differences emerged between groups in behavior, pupillometry, and neural activation of the anterior insula (AIC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, processing complex vicarious social pain yielded reduced responses in ASD on all physiological measures of sharing another's affect. The reduced activity within the AIC was thereby explained by the severity of autistic symptoms in the social and affective domain. Additionally, behavioral responses lacked correspondence with the anterior cingulate and anterior insula cortex activity found in controls. Instead, behavioral responses in ASD were associated with hippocampal activity. The observed dissociation echoes the clinical observations that deficits in ASD are most pronounced in complex social situations and simple tasks may not probe the dysfunctions in neural pathways involved in sharing affect. Our results are highly relevant because individuals with ASD may have preserved abilities to share another's physical pain but still have problems with the vicarious representation of more complex emotions that matter in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Krach
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160LübeckD‐23538Germany
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgSchützenstraße 49MarburgD‐35039Germany
| | - Inge Kamp‐Becker
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgSchützenstraße 49MarburgD‐35039Germany
| | - Wolfgang Einhäuser
- Institute of Physics, Physics of Cognition, Chemnitz University of TechnologyReichenhainer Str. 70Chemnitz09107Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Department of PsychiatryPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann‐Straße 8MarburgD‐35033Germany
| | - Stefan Frässle
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgSchützenstraße 49MarburgD‐35039Germany
- Department of PsychiatryPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann‐Straße 8MarburgD‐35033Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of PsychiatryPhilipps‐University MarburgRudolf‐Bultmann‐Straße 8MarburgD‐35033Germany
| | - Lena Rademacher
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160LübeckD‐23538Germany
| | - Laura Müller‐Pinzler
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160LübeckD‐23538Germany
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgSchützenstraße 49MarburgD‐35039Germany
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenAW9713The Netherlands
- Social Brain Laboratorythe Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Royal Netherlands Academy for the Arts and Sciences1105BAAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frieder M. Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySocial Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of LübeckRatzeburger Allee 160LübeckD‐23538Germany
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgSchützenstraße 49MarburgD‐35039Germany
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19
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Hirvonen J, Palva S. Cortical localization of phase and amplitude dynamics predicting access to somatosensory awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:311-26. [PMID: 26485310 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural dynamics leading to conscious sensory perception have remained enigmatic in despite of large interest. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed that a co-activation of sensory and frontoparietal areas is crucial for conscious sensory perception in the several second time-scale of BOLD signal fluctuations. Electrophysiological recordings with magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) have shown that event related responses (ERs), phase-locking of neuronal activity, and oscillation amplitude modulations in sub-second timescales are greater for consciously perceived than for unperceived stimuli. The cortical sources of ER and oscillation dynamics predicting the conscious perception have, however, remained unclear because these prior studies have utilized MEG/EEG sensor-level analyses or iEEG with limited neuroanatomical coverage. We used a somatosensory detection task, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and cortically constrained source reconstruction to identify the cortical areas where ERs, local poststimulus amplitudes and phase-locking of neuronal activity are predictive of the conscious access of somatosensory information. We show here that strengthened ERs, phase-locking to stimulus onset (SL), and induced oscillations amplitude modulations all predicted conscious somatosensory perception, but the most robust and widespread of these was SL that was sustained in low-alpha (6-10 Hz) band. The strength of SL and to a lesser extent that of ER predicted conscious perception in the somatosensory, lateral and medial frontal, posterior parietal, and in the cingulate cortex. These data suggest that a rapid phase-reorganization and concurrent oscillation amplitude modulations in these areas play an instrumental role in the emergence of a conscious percept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonni Hirvonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland.,BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Finland
| | - Satu Palva
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Müller-Pinzler L, Gazzola V, Keysers C, Sommer J, Jansen A, Frässle S, Einhäuser W, Paulus FM, Krach S. Neural pathways of embarrassment and their modulation by social anxiety. Neuroimage 2015; 119:252-261. [PMID: 26093329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While being in the center of attention and exposed to other's evaluations humans are prone to experience embarrassment. To characterize the neural underpinnings of such aversive moments, we induced genuine experiences of embarrassment during person-group interactions in a functional neuroimaging study. Using a mock-up scenario with three confederates, we examined how the presence of an audience affected physiological and neural responses and the reported emotional experiences of failures and achievements. The results indicated that publicity induced activations in mentalizing areas and failures led to activations in arousal processing systems. Mentalizing activity as well as attention towards the audience were increased in socially anxious participants. The converging integration of information from mentalizing areas and arousal processing systems within the ventral anterior insula and amygdala forms the neural pathways of embarrassment. Targeting these neural markers of embarrassment in the (para-)limbic system provides new perspectives for developing treatment strategies for social anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Müller-Pinzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - V Gazzola
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Social Brain Laboratory, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for the Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Keysers
- Social Brain Laboratory, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for the Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sommer
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Schützenstr. 49, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - A Jansen
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Schützenstr. 49, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - S Frässle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Schützenstr. 49, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - W Einhäuser
- Institut für Physik, Physics of Cognitive Processes, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - F M Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - S Krach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Neuroscience Lab | SNL, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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