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Ficco L, Li C, Kaufmann JM, Schweinberger SR, Kovács GZ. Investigating the neural effects of typicality and predictability for face and object stimuli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293781. [PMID: 38776350 PMCID: PMC11111078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain calibrates itself based on the past stimulus diet, which makes frequently observed stimuli appear as typical (as opposed to uncommon stimuli, which appear as distinctive). Based on predictive processing theory, the brain should be more "prepared" for typical exemplars, because these contain information that has been encountered frequently, allowing it to economically represent items of that category. Thus, one could ask whether predictability and typicality of visual stimuli interact, or rather act in an additive manner. We adapted the design by Egner and colleagues (2010), who used cues to induce expectations about stimulus category (face vs. chair) occurrence during an orthogonal inversion detection task. We measured BOLD responses with fMRI in 35 participants. First, distinctive stimuli always elicited stronger responses than typical ones in all ROIs, and our whole-brain directional contrasts for the effects of typicality and distinctiveness converge with previous findings. Second and importantly, we could not replicate the interaction between category and predictability reported by Egner et al. (2010), which casts doubt on whether cueing designs are ideal to elicit reliable predictability effects. Third, likely as a consequence of the lack of predictability effects, we found no interaction between predictability and typicality in any of the four tested regions (bilateral fusiform face areas, lateral occipital complexes) when considering both categories, nor in the whole brain. We discuss the issue of replicability in neuroscience and sketch an agenda for how future studies might address the same question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ficco
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Chenglin Li
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jürgen M. Kaufmann
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Schweinberger
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Gyula Z. Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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2
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Peel HJ, Chouinard PA. fMRI form adaptation and size repetition enhancement in different subdivisions of the lateral occipital complex. Cortex 2022; 154:135-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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In search of different categories of abstract concepts: a fMRI adaptation study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22587. [PMID: 34799624 PMCID: PMC8604982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete conceptual knowledge is supported by a distributed neural network representing different semantic features according to the neuroanatomy of sensory and motor systems. If and how this framework applies to abstract knowledge is currently debated. Here we investigated the specific brain correlates of different abstract categories. After a systematic a priori selection of brain regions involved in semantic cognition, i.e. responsible of, respectively, semantic representations and cognitive control, we used a fMRI-adaptation paradigm with a passive reading task, in order to modulate the neural response to abstract (emotions, cognitions, attitudes, human actions) and concrete (biological entities, artefacts) categories. Different portions of the left anterior temporal lobe responded selectively to abstract and concrete concepts. Emotions and attitudes adapted the left middle temporal gyrus, whereas concrete items adapted the left fusiform gyrus. Our results suggest that, similarly to concrete concepts, some categories of abstract knowledge have specific brain correlates corresponding to the prevalent semantic dimensions involved in their representation.
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Ficco L, Mancuso L, Manuello J, Teneggi A, Liloia D, Duca S, Costa T, Kovacs GZ, Cauda F. Disentangling predictive processing in the brain: a meta-analytic study in favour of a predictive network. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16258. [PMID: 34376727 PMCID: PMC8355157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the predictive coding (PC) theory, the brain is constantly engaged in predicting its upcoming states and refining these predictions through error signals. Despite extensive research investigating the neural bases of this theory, to date no previous study has systematically attempted to define the neural mechanisms of predictive coding across studies and sensory channels, focussing on functional connectivity. In this study, we employ a coordinate-based meta-analytical approach to address this issue. We first use the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm to detect spatial convergence across studies, related to prediction error and encoding. Overall, our ALE results suggest the ultimate role of the left inferior frontal gyrus and left insula in both processes. Moreover, we employ a meta-analytic connectivity method (Seed-Voxel Correlations Consensus). This technique reveals a large, bilateral predictive network, which resembles large-scale networks involved in task-driven attention and execution. In sum, we find that: (i) predictive processing seems to occur more in certain brain regions than others, when considering different sensory modalities at a time; (ii) there is no evidence, at the network level, for a distinction between error and prediction processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ficco
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Steiger 3/Haus 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Mancuso
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Teneggi
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gyula Zoltán Kovacs
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franco Cauda
- Focuslab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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5
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Makin ADJ, Tyson-Carr J, Derpsch Y, Rampone G, Bertamini M. Electrophysiological priming effects demonstrate independence and overlap of visual regularity representations in the extrastriate cortex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254361. [PMID: 34242360 PMCID: PMC8270198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An Event Related Potential (ERP) component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN) is generated by regular visual patterns (e.g. vertical reflectional symmetry, horizontal reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry). Behavioural studies suggest symmetry becomes increasingly salient when the exemplars update rapidly. In line with this, Experiment 1 (N = 48) found that SPN amplitude increased when three different reflectional symmetry patterns were presented sequentially. We call this effect ‘SPN priming’. We then exploited SPN priming to investigate independence of different symmetry representations. SPN priming did not survive changes in retinal location (Experiment 2, N = 48) or non-orthogonal changes in axis orientation (Experiment 3, N = 48). However, SPN priming transferred between vertical and horizontal axis orientations (Experiment 4, N = 48) and between reflectional and rotational symmetry (Experiment 5, N = 48). SPN priming is interesting in itself, and a useful new method for identifying functional boundaries of the symmetry response. We conclude that visual regularities at different retinal locations are coded independently. However, there is some overlap between different regularities presented at the same retinal location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D. J. Makin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John Tyson-Carr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yiovanna Derpsch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Rampone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Feuerriegel D, Vogels R, Kovács G. Evaluating the evidence for expectation suppression in the visual system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:368-381. [PMID: 33836212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reports of expectation suppression have shaped the development of influential predictive coding-based theories of visual perception. However recent work has highlighted confounding factors that may mimic or inflate expectation suppression effects. In this review, we describe four confounds that are prevalent across experiments that tested for expectation suppression: effects of surprise, attention, stimulus repetition and adaptation, and stimulus novelty. With these confounds in mind we then critically review the evidence for expectation suppression across probabilistic cueing, statistical learning, oddball, action-outcome learning and apparent motion designs. We found evidence for expectation suppression within a specific subset of statistical learning designs that involved weeks of sequence learning prior to neural activity measurement. Across other experimental contexts, whereby stimulus appearance probabilities were learned within one or two testing sessions, there was inconsistent evidence for genuine expectation suppression. We discuss how an absence of expectation suppression could inform models of predictive processing, repetition suppression and perceptual decision-making. We also provide suggestions for designing experiments that may better test for expectation suppression in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rufin Vogels
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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A proportionally suppressed and prolonged LPP acts as a neurophysiological correlate of face identity aftereffect. Brain Res 2020; 1746:146969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feuerriegel D, Yook J, Quek GL, Hogendoorn H, Bode S. Visual mismatch responses index surprise signalling but not expectation suppression. Cortex 2020; 134:16-29. [PMID: 33249297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish between commonplace and unusual sensory events is critical for efficient learning and adaptive behaviour. This has been investigated using oddball designs in which sequences of often-appearing (i.e., expected) stimuli are interspersed with rare (i.e., surprising) deviants. Resulting differences in electrophysiological responses following surprising compared to expected stimuli are known as visual mismatch responses (VMRs). VMRs are thought to index co-occurring contributions of stimulus repetition effects, expectation suppression (that occurs when one's expectations are fulfilled), and expectation violation (i.e., surprise) responses; however, these different effects have been conflated in existing oddball designs. To better isolate and quantify effects of expectation suppression and surprise, we adapted an oddball design based on Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) that controls for stimulus repetition effects. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while participants (N = 48) viewed stimulation sequences in which a single face identity was periodically presented at 6 Hz. Critically, one of two different face identities (termed oddballs) appeared as every 7th image throughout the sequence. The presentation probabilities of each oddball image within a sequence varied between 10 and 90%, such that participants could form expectations about which oddball face identity was more likely to appear within each sequence. We also included 'expectation neutral' 50% probability sequences, whereby consistently biased expectations would not be formed for either oddball face identity. We found that VMRs indexed surprise responses, and effects of expectation suppression were absent. That is, ERPs were more negative-going at occipitoparietal electrodes for surprising compared to neutral oddballs, but did not differ between expected and neutral oddballs. Surprising oddball-evoked ERPs were also highly similar across the 10-40% appearance probability conditions. Our findings indicate that VMRs which are not accounted for by repetition effects are best described as an all-or-none surprise response, rather than a minimisation of prediction error responses associated with expectation suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jane Yook
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve L Quek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | - Hinze Hogendoorn
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany
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Rostalski SM, Amado C, Kovács G, Feuerriegel D. Measures of repetition suppression in the fusiform face area are inflated by co-occurring effects of statistically learned visual associations. Cortex 2020; 131:123-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Neuroimaging results suggest the role of prediction in cross-domain priming. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10356. [PMID: 29985455 PMCID: PMC6037787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The repetition of a stimulus leads to shorter reaction times as well as to the reduction of neural activity. Previous encounters with closely related stimuli (primes) also lead to faster and often to more accurate processing of subsequent stimuli (targets). For instance, if the prime is a name, and the target is a face, the recognition of a persons’ face is facilitated by prior presentation of his/her name. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the prime allows predicting the occurrence of the target. To the best of our knowledge, so far, no study tested the neural correlates of such cross-domain priming with fMRI. To fill this gap, here we used names of famous persons as primes, and congruent or incongruent faces as targets. We found that congruent primes not only reduced RT, but also lowered the BOLD signal in bilateral fusiform (FFA) and occipital (OFA) face areas. This suggests that semantic information affects not only behavioral performance, but also neural responses in relatively early processing stages of the occipito-temporal cortex. We interpret our results in the framework of predictive coding theories.
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11
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Feuerriegel D, Churches O, Coussens S, Keage HA. Evidence for spatiotemporally distinct effects of image repetition and perceptual expectations as measured by event-related potentials. Neuroimage 2018; 169:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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The processing of mispredicted and unpredicted sensory inputs interact differently with attention. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Cubelli R, Della Sala S. Looking back to go forward: Promoting single case studies. Cortex 2017; 97:A1-A3. [PMID: 29110884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cubelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Italy.
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Retter TL, Rossion B. Visual adaptation reveals an objective electrophysiological measure of high-level individual face discrimination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3269. [PMID: 28607389 PMCID: PMC5468339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to individualize faces is a fundamental human brain function. Following visual adaptation to one individual face, the suppressed neural response to this identity becomes discriminable from an unadapted facial identity at a neural population level. Here, we investigate a simple and objective measure of individual face discrimination with electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency tagging following adaptation. In a first condition, (1) two facial identities are presented in alternation at a rate of six images per second (6 Hz; 3 Hz identity repetition rate) for a 20 s testing sequence, following 10-s adaptation to one of the facial identities; this results in a significant identity discrimination response at 3 Hz in the frequency domain of the EEG over right occipito-temporal channels, replicating our previous findings. Such a 3 Hz response is absent for two novel conditions, in which (2) the faces are inverted and (3) an identity physically equidistant from the two faces is adapted. These results indicate that low-level visual features present in inverted or unspecific facial identities are not sufficient to produce the adaptation effect found for upright facial stimuli, which appears to truly reflect identity-specific perceptual representations in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia L Retter
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
- Neurology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
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15
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Retter TL, Rossion B. Uncovering the neural magnitude and spatio-temporal dynamics of natural image categorization in a fast visual stream. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:9-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Kovács G, Schweinberger SR. Repetition suppression – An integrative view. Cortex 2016; 80:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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