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El Haj M, Questel F, Moustafa AA. "Do not take that medication": negative prospective memory in Korsakoff's syndrome. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2633-2640. [PMID: 38170342 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While prospective memory (i.e., the ability to execute a future plan) has been extensively researched, little is known about negative prospective memory (i.e., the ability to remember not to execute a future plan) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We thus evaluated both prospective memory and negative prospective memory in KS, as well as the relationship between both types of prospective memory and inhibition. METHODS Patients with KS and control participants were invited to press a button on the keyboard (i.e., prospective memory) or not to press a button when a cue word (e.g., negative prospective memory) was encountered. RESULTS The analysis demonstrated that patients with KS had more prospective memory errors (i.e., forgetting to click the keyboard when the instruction was to do so) than control participants. The analysis also demonstrated that patients with KS had more negative prospective memory errors (i.e., clicking the keyboard when the instruction was not to do so) than control participants. Similar levels of commissions and omissions were observed in patients with KS than in control participants. Interestingly, prospective and negative prospective performances were significantly correlated with performance on an inhibition assessment task. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates that KS is characterized by not only difficulty in remembering to execute a future intention but also by difficulty in remembering not to execute a future intention. A decline in negative prospective memory in KS can be associated with difficulty in inhibiting no longer appropriate previously learned intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093, Nantes, France.
- Faculté de Psychologie, (LPPL) Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire, Université de Nantes Campus Tertre, Chemin de La Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312, Cedex 3, Nantes, France.
| | - Frank Questel
- Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 200 Rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Kingsway, University Rd, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
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2
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Gerridzen IJ, Doejaaren E, Veenhuizen RB, Hertogh CMPM, Joling KJ. Prevalences and Indications of Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions in Nursing Home Residents with Korsakoff Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093133. [PMID: 37176574 PMCID: PMC10178976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs (PD) are often prescribed to nursing home residents with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). It is unknown whether these drugs are prescribed correctly or whether they are prescribed off-label, for example, to treat behavioral symptoms. To get more insight into PD prescriptions, a descriptive study was performed. The type, category and indications of PD prescriptions of 285 participants were analyzed using medication charts and questionnaires. Behavioral symptoms were investigated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. The results showed that atypical antipsychotics (57.1%) were prescribed more frequently than typical antipsychotics (49.3%). Of the antidepressants, selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (63.1%) were most frequently prescribed, followed by tricyclic antidepressants (23.4%). Of the benzodiazepines, anxiolytics (85.7%) were more prescribed than hypnotics (24.5%). Besides psychiatric disorders, PD were also prescribed to treat behavioral symptoms varying from 29.9% (antipsycho-tics) to 26.3% (benzodiazepines) and 9.3% (antidepressants). Furthermore, prescriptions were high if behavioral symptoms were present. To conclude, PD are often prescribed to residents with KS for an unapproved indication, namely behavioral symptoms. Additional research is needed to obtain further insight into the current prescribing culture and the effectiveness of PD. The insights thus obtained may, ultimately, contribute to the appropriate prescription of PD for people with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J Gerridzen
- Atlant, Korsakoff Centre of Expertise, Kuiltjesweg 1, 7361 TC Beekbergen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Doejaaren
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth B Veenhuizen
- Atlant, Korsakoff Centre of Expertise, Kuiltjesweg 1, 7361 TC Beekbergen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M P M Hertogh
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn J Joling
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA. "Ten dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?" Temporal discounting in Korsakoff syndrome. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:116-129. [PMID: 36724487 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2173059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer immediate over future rewards (i.e., temporal discounting). Further, we investigated the relationship between temporal discounting and inhibition. METHODS We, for the first time, invited patients with KS and control participants to perform a temporal discounting task, in which they answered questions probing preferences between an immediate, but smaller amount of money, and a delayed, but larger amount of money (e.g., "would you prefer 10 dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?"). Furthermore, inhibition was measured using the Stroop Colour Word Test. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated higher temporal discounting in patients with KS than in control participants. Temporal discounting in both populations was significantly correlated with inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Patients with KS may have difficulties to suppress the temptation of smaller, but immediate, rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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El Haj M, Ndobo A, Moustafa AA, Allain P. "What Did I Tell This Sad Person?": Memory for Emotional Destinations in Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051919. [PMID: 36902708 PMCID: PMC10003535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL EA 4638), SFR Confluences, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, Université d’Angers, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France
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5
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F. “Remember to take your medication”: Prospective memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:272-280. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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6
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El Haj M, Robin F. The fabricated past: intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:273-288. [PMID: 35125060 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2036114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHOD We invited AD patients and control participants to construct real events as well as fabricated events describing fictitious personal events that occurred in the past. RESULTS Results demonstrated slower retrieval time for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in both AD patients and control participants. The analysis also showed similar vividness for intentionally fabricated memories and real ones in AD patients but lower vividness for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in control participants. CONCLUSIONS The slow retrieval time of intentionally fabricated memories may be attributed to the cognitive effort required to retrieve elements from autobiographical memory and edit them to construct a new memory. We suggest that the vividness of intentionally fabricated memories observed in AD may induce confusion with real memories. In addition to the experimental approach of our study, we offer a theoretical rationale for intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories by situating them in the wider context of different facets of false memories in AD (e.g. confabulations, source monitoring errors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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El Haj M. Autobiographical memory in Korsakoff syndrome: A review. Encephale 2021; 47:356-361. [PMID: 33832714 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) (i.e., memory for personal information) is a unique form of memory that goes beyond recalling information such as what, where and when of an event, to include what that event means and why it is important to our life story. This paper therefore reviews the available literature on AM in Korsakoff syndrome (KS). It summarizes the characteristics of AM disorders in KS patients. These disorders are mainly characterized by the difficulties that patients with KS have in retrieving and reliving specific AMs and in retrieving recent and remote memories. Another core characteristic of AM disorders in KS is confabulations. This paper hypothesizes that patients with KS may produce autobiographical confabulations to support their objectives and beliefs or even to answer a social demand or simply to share personal experiences with others. Although the current evidence demonstrates disorders of AM in KS, there is a need for more research about the characteristics of these disorders. This review thus proposes several perspectives for theoretical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Haj
- Nantes Université, University Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), 44000 Nantes, France; Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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8
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El Haj M, Allain P, De Bont L, Ndobo A. Personality and social memory: High source and destination memory in extroverts. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:436-442. [PMID: 33660873 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated relationship between personality and memory for social interactions. More specifically, we investigated the relationship between extraversion and the ability to remember who told us some information (i.e., source memory) and the ability to remember to whom we told that information (i.e., destination memory). On a source memory task, participants received information from pictures of celebrities; a subsequent recognition test required them to identify the celebrities from whom they had received that information. On a destination memory task, participants were invited to tell information to celebrities; a later recognition task instructed them to identify the celebrity to whom they had previously told that information. Besides the assessment of source and destination memory, participants answered a questionnaire regarding extraversion. Results demonstrated significant positive correlation between extraversion and source memory, as well as significant positive correlation between extraversion and destination memory. In other words, the more participants described themselves as extraverts, the higher their source and destination memory. During social communications (e.g., in a conversation), extraverts may demonstrate high source and destination memory as these individuals typically value social communication, public sharing, and processing of social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Angers, France.,Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Leslie De Bont
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités, les Nations et l'Interculturalité, CRINI EA1162, Université de Nantes, Chemin la Censive du Tertre BP 81227, Nantes, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
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9
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El Haj M, Nandrino JL, Kessels RPC, Ndobo A. High emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval in women with Korsakoff syndrome. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2021; 26:136-148. [PMID: 33563089 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1885369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. METHOD We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Faculté de Psychologie, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - André Ndobo
- Faculté de Psychologie, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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Robin F, Moustafa A, El Haj M. The image of memory: relationship between autobiographical memory and mental imagery in Korsakoff syndrome. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:120-126. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1716759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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El Haj M, Kessels RP, Nandrino J. Sex Differences in Korsakoff's Syndrome for Inhibition but Not for Episodic Memory or Flexibility. Am J Addict 2020; 29:129-133. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL‐EA 4638)Nantes Université, University of Angers F‐44000 Nantes France
- Unité de GériatrieCentre Hospitalier de TourcoingTourcoing France
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParis France
| | - Roy P.C. Kessels
- Radboud University Medical CenterRadboudumc Alzheimer CenterNijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegen The Netherlands
- Center for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Louis Nandrino
- CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences AffectivesUniversity of LilleF‐59000 Lille France
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12
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Rensen YCM, Oudman E, Oosterman JM, Kessels RPC. Confabulations in Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Factor Analysis of the Nijmegen-Venray Confabulation List. Assessment 2020; 28:1545-1555. [PMID: 31928078 PMCID: PMC8392856 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119899476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Confabulations generally refer to the emergence of memories of experiences and events that, in reality, never took place, and which are unintentionally produced. They are frequently observed in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. The aim of the current study was to validate the Nijmegen-Venray Confabulation List (NVCL), an observation scale for quantifying both spontaneous and provoked confabulations. The NVCL was completed for 252 patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three- and four-factor models of the NVCL structure. A four-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, severity of spontaneous confabulations, and distorted sense of reality) fitted the data better than the initially proposed three-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, memory, and orientation). The new instrument is therefore referred to as the NVCL-R. We encourage clinicians to include the assessment of confabulations in the neuropsychological examination, and to do so with validated instruments such as the NVCL-R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Oudman
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Roy P C Kessels
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands.,Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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13
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. Future Thinking in Korsakoff Syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:455-462. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Prior research has been mainly concerned with the ability of patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) to project themselves into the past. Little is known about the patients’ ability to project themselves into the future. We therefore compared past and future thinking in patients with KS.
Methods
We invited patients with KS and control participants to retrieve past events and reconstruct future events. Participants were also invited to rate subjective characteristics (i.e. time travel, emotional feeling, and visual imagery) of the past and future events.
Results
Patients with KS demonstrated low specificity, time travel, and emotional experience during past and future thinking. However, while lower emotional experience was observed in patients with KS than in the control participants during future thinking, no significant differences were observed between the two populations during past thinking. Regarding within-group comparisons, patients with KS demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, and visual imagery; however, they demonstrated higher emotional experience during past than during future thinking. Regarding control participants, they demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, emotional experience, and visual imagery.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a diminished ability to construct specific future scenarios as well as a diminished subjective experience during future thinking in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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14
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Moerman-van den Brink WG, van Aken L, Verschuur EML, Walvoort SJW, Egger JIM, Kessels RPC. Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Theory-Driven Approach. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:23-29. [PMID: 30407502 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In addition to amnesia, executive deficits are prominent in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), yet poorly studied. This study investigates the degree of executive dysfunction in patients with KS for the three main executive subcomponents shifting, updating and inhibition using novel, theory-driven paradigms. Short summary Compared to healthy controls, patients with KS show impairments on the executive subcomponents shifting and updating, but not on inhibition. Methods Executive functions were measured with six carefully designed tasks in 36 abstinent patients with KS (mean age 62.3; 28% woman) and compared with 30 healthy non-alcoholic controls (mean age 61.8; 40% woman). ANOVAs were conducted to examine group differences and effect sizes were calculated. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with KS were impaired on the executive subcomponents shifting and updating. No statistically significant group difference was found on the factor inhibition. Conclusions Executive dysfunction in long-abstinent patients with alcoholic KS shows a profile in which shifting and updating ability are affected most. It also highlights that executive dysfunction is an important feature of KS and requires more attention in scientific and clinical practice, as these deficits may also affect daily functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Moerman-van den Brink
- Korsakoff Center Markenhof, Atlant, Beekbergen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L van Aken
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - E M L Verschuur
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J W Walvoort
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - J I M Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Postbus 9, Gennep, Oostrum, The Netherlands
| | - R P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Haj ME, Gandolphe MC, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. Tell about yourself to improve your autobiographical memory: A study of Korsakoff's syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:37-41. [PMID: 29986176 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) has been associated with a difficulty to retrieve specific autobiographical memories. We investigated whether this difficulty can be alleviated after the retrieval of statements describing self-images. KS patients and control participants were recruited and asked to retrieve autobiographical memories after providing statements to the question "Who am I?" and after a control condition consisting of verbal fluency. Analysis showed higher autobiographical specificity in the "Who am I?" than in verbal fluency condition in both patients with KS and control participants. At a theoretical level, our findings demonstrate how retrieval of information related to conceptual self may influence autobiographical memory in KS. At a clinical level, our procedures are important as they demonstrate how a simple task (i.e., "Who am I?" statements) may serve as a tool to cue specific autobiographical memories in patients with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University,Doha, Qata
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille F-59000, France
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Gandolphe MC, Haj ME. Flashbulb memories for Paris attacks in Korsakoff's syndrome: a case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Univ. Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, France
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Seeing life through rose-colored spectacles: Autobiographical memory as experienced in Korsakoff’s syndrome. Conscious Cogn 2018; 60:9-16. [PMID: 29501971 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kapogiannis D, El Haj M. Beneficial Effect of Minimal Interference on Item Memory But Not on Source Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 15:1070-1076. [PMID: 29992879 PMCID: PMC6162162 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180711105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research suggests beneficial effects of minimal interference on item memory in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted a study to test whether these beneficial effects extend to source memory, i.e., the ability to remember the episodic context in which an information was previously acquired. METHOD Twenty-six mild AD participants and 28 controls manipulated six objects or watched the experimenter manipulating six other objects. After immediate item recall ("what were the items?") and source recall ("by whom the items were previously manipulated?"), an interference or a minimal interference condition was administrated. In the interference condition, participants were assessed with neuropsychological tests for 10 min. In the minimal interference condition, they rested alone in a dark and quiet room for 10 minutes. Both interference and minimal interference conditions were followed by the delayed recall, on which participants were asked to remember the previously-presented objects and their source. RESULTS Higher item memory was observed following minimal interference than following interference in AD participants (p < .01) and controls (p < .01). Also, AD participants demonstrated higher item memory on immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001); controls also demonstrated higher item memory on immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001). Considering source memory, similar source memory was observed following interference and minimal interference in AD participants (p > .1) and controls (p > .1). Also, AD participants demonstrated higher source memory on immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001); controls also demonstrated higher source memory on immediate recall than following interference (p < .001) or minimal interference (p < .001). CONCLUSION Failures of hippocampus-dependent associative or consolidation processes in AD may preclude benefits of minimal interference for source memory. Nevertheless, AD patients may show some capacity to retain simple material, should the material presentation be followed by short delays that are free of further stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Mitchell KJ, MacPherson SE. The cognitive neuroscience of source memory: Moving the ball forward. Cortex 2017; 91:1-8. [PMID: 28495025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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