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Shamabadi R, Rahimi MD, Khorshidearab ZS, Faramarzi Moghadam M, Raeeni S, Kamrani A. Development, validity, and reliability of Neural Circuits Questionnaire (NCQ). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:917-922. [PMID: 36066310 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2089040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
After a prolonged period of using the cortico-centric models of brain function, scientists developed a parallel perspective with an emphasis on all neural structures of the brain. Therefore, the present study aims to create a valid and reliable assessment based on the parallel perspective of brain function. First, a basic assessment was made. Then, a sample size of 183 participants was recruited from graduates and undergraduates at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad over a 2-year period (2020 and 2021). The measures were the Neural Circuits Questionnaire (NCQ) and the Demographic Data Questionnaire. Data analyses were performed by using exploratory factor analysis. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, cutting points for the quality index of the questionnaire were calculated. The results showed that the questionnaire has a three-factor structure and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.617. Based on the ROC curve, the valid range for the quality index is 10.5-15.5. The cerebro-cerebellar index is higher for Ph.D. students than for students with lower degrees (F = 8.60, p = 0.001). In conclusion, it appears that the Neural Circuits Questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess cognitive function following the parallel perspective of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shamabadi
- Faculty of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sara Raeeni
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Kamrani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Singh LJ, Floyd RG, Reynolds MR, Pike NM, Huenergarde MC. What does the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment-II (NEPSY-II) measure in children ages 7 to 12? A structural and psychometric analysis. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-32. [PMID: 38873994 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2357376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment - II (NEPSY-II) is a widely used assessment battery in pediatric settings, but its internal structure has not been adequately examined. This study employed a rational, empirical approach to examine the construct validity of 23 NEPSY-II subtest scores from children ages 7-12 (M = 9.99, SD = 2.76) in the NEPSY-II norming sample (N = 600; 50% girls). Competing higher-order models based on prior research, hypothesized NEPSY-II domains, and conceptual subtest classifications were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis and a sequential approach to model comparisons. The results supported the multidimensionality of NEPSY-II subtests and the organization of subtests by hypothesized neuropsychological domains. The best fitting model included a general factor and four first-order factors. Factor loadings from the general factor to first-order factors were very strong. However, general factor loadings for most subtests were less than .50 (range = .21-.69, M = .44), and domain-specific effects for all subtests, independent of the general factor, were even lower (range = .00-.45, M = .44). Interestingly, all subtests demonstrated strong subtest-specific effects, but it is not clear what construct(s) the subtest-specific effects represent. Findings support NEPSY-II authors' emphasis on subtest-level interpretations rather than composite-level interpretations and highlight that NEPSY-II subtest scores should be interpreted carefully and with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Singh
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Randy G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Kansas, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Nikita M Pike
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Voges N, Lima V, Hausmann J, Brovelli A, Battaglia D. Decomposing Neural Circuit Function into Information Processing Primitives. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0157232023. [PMID: 38050070 PMCID: PMC10866194 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0157-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to measure how specific aspects of coordinated neural dynamics translate into operations of information processing and, ultimately, cognitive functions. An obstacle is that simple circuit mechanisms-such as self-sustained or propagating activity and nonlinear summation of inputs-do not directly give rise to high-level functions. Nevertheless, they already implement simple the information carried by neural activity. Here, we propose that distinct functions, such as stimulus representation, working memory, or selective attention, stem from different combinations and types of low-level manipulations of information or information processing primitives. To test this hypothesis, we combine approaches from information theory with simulations of multi-scale neural circuits involving interacting brain regions that emulate well-defined cognitive functions. Specifically, we track the information dynamics emergent from patterns of neural dynamics, using quantitative metrics to detect where and when information is actively buffered, transferred or nonlinearly merged, as possible modes of low-level processing (storage, transfer and modification). We find that neuronal subsets maintaining representations in working memory or performing attentional gain modulation are signaled by their boosted involvement in operations of information storage or modification, respectively. Thus, information dynamic metrics, beyond detecting which network units participate in cognitive processing, also promise to specify how and when they do it, that is, through which type of primitive computation, a capability that may be exploited for the analysis of experimental recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Voges
- Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Institute for Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Vinicius Lima
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Johannes Hausmann
- R&D Department, Hyland Switzerland Sarl, Corcelles NE 2035, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Brovelli
- Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Institute for Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Demian Battaglia
- Institute for Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), UMR 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), Strasbourg 67000, France
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Stricker JL, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Wiepert DA, Botha H, Jones DT, Stricker NH. Neural network process simulations support a distributed memory system and aid design of a novel computer adaptive digital memory test for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:698-715. [PMID: 36037486 PMCID: PMC9971333 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence supports the importance of learning as a central deficit in preclinical/prodromal Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to conduct a series of neural network simulations to develop a functional understanding of a distributed, nonmodular memory system that can learn efficiently without interference. This understanding is applied to the development of a novel digital memory test. METHOD Simulations using traditional feed forward neural network architectures to learn simple logic problems are presented. The simulations demonstrate three limitations: (a) inefficiency, (b) an inability to learn problems consistently, and (c) catastrophic interference when given multiple problems. A new mirrored cascaded architecture is introduced to address these limitations, with support provided by a series of simulations. RESULTS The mirrored cascaded architecture demonstrates efficient and consistent learning relative to feed forward networks but also suffers from catastrophic interference. Addition of context values to add the capability of distinguishing features as part of learning eliminates the problem of interference in the mirrored cascaded, but not the feed forward, architectures. CONCLUSIONS A mirrored cascaded architecture addresses the limitations of traditional feed forward neural networks, provides support for a distributed memory system, and emphasizes the importance of context to avoid interference. These process models contributed to the design of a digital computer-adaptive word list learning test that places maximum stress on the capability to distinguish specific episodes of learning. Process simulations provide a useful method of testing models of brain function and contribute to new approaches to neuropsychological assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nikki H. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Del Bene VA, Gerstenecker A, Lazar RM. Formal Neuropsychological Testing: Test Batteries, Interpretation, and Added Value in Practice. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:27-43. [PMID: 36404031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychologists evaluate patients for cognitive decline and dementia, using validated psychometric tests, along with behavioral observation, record review, clinical interview, and information about psychological functioning, to evaluate brain-behavior relationships and aid in differential diagnosis and treatment planning. Also considered are premorbid functioning, education, sex, socioeconomic status, primary language, culture, and race-related health disparities when selecting tests, interpreting performance, and providing a diagnostic impression. Neuropsychologists provide diagnostic clarity, explain symptoms and likely disease course to patients and family members, and assist the family with future planning, behavioral management strategies, and ways to mitigate caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Del Bene
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adam Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ronald M Lazar
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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de Wit MM, Matheson HE. Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903960. [PMID: 35936251 PMCID: PMC9355036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainstream cognitive neuroscience aims to build mechanistic explanations of behavior by mapping abilities described at the organismal level via the subpersonal level of computation onto specific brain networks. We provide an integrative review of these commitments and their mismatch with empirical research findings. Context-dependent neural tuning, neural reuse, degeneracy, plasticity, functional recovery, and the neural correlates of enculturated skills each show that there is a lack of stable mappings between organismal, computational, and neural levels of analysis. We furthermore highlight recent research suggesting that task context at the organismal level determines the dynamic parcellation of functional components at the neural level. Such instability prevents the establishment of specific computational descriptions of neural function, which remains a central goal of many brain mappers - including those who are sympathetic to the notion of many-to-many mappings between organismal and neural levels. This between-level instability presents a deep epistemological challenge and requires a reorientation of methodological and theoretical commitments within cognitive neuroscience. We demonstrate the need for change to brain mapping efforts in the face of instability if cognitive neuroscience is to maintain its central goal of constructing computational mechanistic explanations of behavior; we show that such explanations must be contextual at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu M. de Wit
- Department of Neuroscience, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - Heath E. Matheson
- Department of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
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Launes J, Uurainen H, Virta M, Hokkanen L. Self-administered online test of memory functions. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2022.2074525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki Launes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Uurainen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Virta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hokkanen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Ptak R, Doganci N, Bourgeois A. From Action to Cognition: Neural Reuse, Network Theory and the Emergence of Higher Cognitive Functions. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1652. [PMID: 34942954 PMCID: PMC8699577 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the logic and assumptions behind the concept of neural reuse, to explore its biological advantages and to discuss the implications for the cognition of a brain that reuses existing circuits and resources. We first address the requirements that must be fulfilled for neural reuse to be a biologically plausible mechanism. Neural reuse theories generally take a developmental approach and model the brain as a dynamic system composed of highly flexible neural networks. They often argue against domain-specificity and for a distributed, embodied representation of knowledge, which sets them apart from modular theories of mental processes. We provide an example of reuse by proposing how a phylogenetically more modern mental capacity (mental rotation) may appear through the reuse and recombination of existing resources from an older capacity (motor planning). We conclude by putting arguments into context regarding functional modularity, embodied representation, and the current ontology of mental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Ptak
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Naz Doganci
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.D.); (A.B.)
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Testing the structure of human cognitive ability using evidence obtained from the impact of brain lesions over abilities. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Muller S, Dauyey K, Ruef A, Lorio S, Eskandari A, Schneider L, Beaud V, Roggenhofer E, Draganski B, Michel P, Kherif F. Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments after Acute Stroke: A VBQ Analysis of Quantitative Native CT Scans. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:792-799. [PMID: 32066362 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200211113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke affects language production and/or comprehension and leads to devastating long-term consequences for patients and their families. Previous studies have shown that neuroimaging can increase our knowledge of the basic mechanisms of language recovery. Currently, models for predicting patients' outcomes have limited use in the clinic for the evaluation and optimization of rehabilitative strategies mostly because that are often based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, which are not always possible to carry out in the clinical routine. Here, we investigate the use of Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM), multivariate modelling and native Computed Tomography (nCT) scans routinely acquired in the acute stage of stroke for identifying biological signatures that explicate the relationships between brain anatomy and types of impairments. METHODS 80 stroke patients and 30 controls were included. nCT-scans were acquired in the acute ischemia stage and bedside clinical assessment from board-certified neurologist based on the NIH stroke scale. We use a multivariate Principal Component Analyses (PCA) to identify the brain signatures group the patients according to the presence or absence of impairment and identify the association between local Grey Matter (GM) and White Matter (WM) nCT values with the presence or absence of the impairment. RESULTS Individual patient's nCT scans were compared to a group of controls' with no radiological signs of stroke to provide an automated delineation of the lesion. Consistently across the whole group the regions that presented significant difference GM and WM values overlap with known areas that support language processing. CONCLUSION In summary, the method applied to nCT scans performed in the acute stage of stroke provided robust and accurate information about brain lesions' location and size, as well as quantitative values. We found that nCT and VBQ analyses are effective for identifying neural signatures of concomitant language impairments at the individual level, and neuroanatomical maps of aphasia at the population level. The signatures explicate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying aetiology of the stroke. Ultimately, similar analyses with larger cohorts could lead to a more integrated multimodal model of behaviour and brain anatomy in the early stage of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Muller
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaisar Dauyey
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Anne Ruef
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Lorio
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- Stroke Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Schneider
- Service de Neuropsychologie et Neurorehabilitation, Departement des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Beaud
- Service de Neuropsychologie et Neurorehabilitation, Departement des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Roggenhofer
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Kherif F, Muller S. Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:800-811. [PMID: 32116193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200302111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- 1Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Wang Z, Dreyer F, Pulvermüller F, Ntemou E, Vajkoczy P, Fekonja LS, Picht T. Support vector machine based aphasia classification of transcranial magnetic stimulation language mapping in brain tumor patients. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 29:102536. [PMID: 33360768 PMCID: PMC7772815 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive TMS (rTMS) allows for non-invasive and transient disruption of local neuronal functioning. We used machine learning approaches to assess whether brain tumor patients can be accurately classified into aphasic and non-aphasic groups using their rTMS language mapping results as input features. Given that each tumor affects the subject-specific language networks differently, resulting in heterogenous rTMS functional mappings, we propose the use of machine learning strategies to classify potential patterns of rTMS language mapping results. We retrospectively included 90 patients with left perisylvian world health organization (WHO) grade II-IV gliomas that underwent presurgical navigated rTMS language mapping. Within our cohort, 29 of 90 (32.2%) patients suffered from at least mild aphasia as shown in the Aachen Aphasia Test based Berlin Aphasia Score (BAS). After spatial normalization to MNI 152 of all rTMS spots, we calculated the error rate (ER) in each stimulated cortical area (28 regions of interest, ROI) by automated anatomical labeling parcellation (AAL3) and IIT. We used a support vector machine (SVM) to classify significant areas in relation to aphasia. After feeding the ROIs into the SVM model, it revealed that in addition to age (w = 2.98), the ERs of the left supramarginal gyrus (w = 3.64), left inferior parietal gyrus (w = 2.28) and right pars triangularis (w = 1.34) contributed more than other features to the model. The model's sensitivity was 86.2%, the specificity was 82.0%, the overall accuracy was 85.5% and the AUC was 89.3%. Our results demonstrate an increased vulnerability of right inferior pars triangularis to rTMS in aphasic patients due to left perisylvian gliomas. This finding points towards a functional relevant involvement of the right pars triangularis in response to aphasia. The tumor location feature, specified by calculating overlaps with white and grey matter atlases, did not affect the SVM model. The left supramarginal gyrus as a feature improved our SVM model the most. Additionally, our results could point towards a decreasing potential for neuroplasticity with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dreyer
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Berlin, Germany
| | - Effrosyni Ntemou
- University of Groningen, Department of Neurolinguistics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucius S Fekonja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Parsons T, Duffield T. Paradigm Shift Toward Digital Neuropsychology and High-Dimensional Neuropsychological Assessments: Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e23777. [PMID: 33325829 PMCID: PMC7773516 DOI: 10.2196/23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychologists in the digital age have increasing access to emerging technologies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives for behavioral and social sciences have emphasized these developing scientific and technological potentials (eg, novel sensors) for augmented characterization of neurocognitive, behavioral, affective, and social processes. Perhaps these innovative technologies will lead to a paradigm shift from disintegrated and data-poor behavioral science to cohesive and data-rich science that permits improved translation from bench to bedside. The 4 main advances influencing the scientific priorities of a recent NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research strategic plan include the following: integration of neuroscience into behavioral and social sciences, transformational advances in measurement science, digital intervention platforms, and large-scale population cohorts and data integration. This paper reviews these opportunities for novel brain-behavior characterizations. Emphasis is placed on the increasing concern of neuropsychology with these topics and the need for development in these areas to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline and advance scientific developments. Furthermore, the effects of such advancements necessitate discussion and modification of training as well as ethical and legal mandates for neuropsychological research and praxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parsons
- Computational Neuropsychology & Simulation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Tyler Duffield
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Parsons TD, Gaggioli A, Riva G. Extended Reality for the Clinical, Affective, and Social Neurosciences. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E922. [PMID: 33265932 PMCID: PMC7761460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain science research often involves the use of low-dimensional tools and stimuli that lack several of the potentially valuable features of everyday activities and interactions. Although this research has provided important information about cognitive, affective, and social processes for both clinical and nonclinical populations, there is growing interest in high-dimensional simulations that extend reality. These high-dimensional simulations involve dynamic stimuli presented serially or concurrently to permit the assessment and training of perceivers' integrative processes over time. Moreover, high-dimensional simulation platforms can contextually restrain interpretations of cues about a target's internal states. Extended reality environments extend assessment and training platforms that balance experimental control with emotionally engaging background narratives aimed at extending the affective experience and social interactions. Herein, we highlight the promise of extended reality platforms for greater ecological validity in the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Parsons
- iCenter for Affective Neurotechnologies (iCAN), Denton, TX 76203, USA
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation (CNS) Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
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15
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Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Y, Nishida S, Madden-Lombardi C, Ventre-Dominey J, Dominey PF, Ogawa K. Common Neural System for Sentence and Picture Comprehension Across Languages: A Chinese-Japanese Bilingual Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:380. [PMID: 31708762 PMCID: PMC6823717 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While common semantic representations for individual words across languages have been identified, a common meaning system at sentence-level has not been determined. In this study, fMRI was used to investigate whether an across-language sentence comprehension system exists. Chinese–Japanese bilingual participants (n = 32) were asked to determine whether two consecutive stimuli were related (coherent) or not (incoherent) to the same event. Stimuli were displayed with three different modalities (Chinese written sentences, Japanese written sentences, and pictures). The behavioral results showed no significant difference in accuracy and response times among the three modalities. Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data was used to classify the semantic relationship (coherent or incoherent) across the stimulus modalities. The classifier was first trained to determine coherency within Chinese sentences and then tested with Japanese sentences, and vice versa. A whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed significant above-chance classification accuracy across Chinese and Japanese sentences in the supramarginal gyrus (BA 40), extending into the angular gyrus (BA 39) as well as the opercular (BA 44) and triangular (BA 45) parts of the inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere (cluster-level FWE corrected p < 0.05). Significant above-chance classification accuracy was also found across Japanese sentences and pictures in the supramarginal (BA 40) and angular gyrus (BA 39). These results indicate that a common meaning system for sentence processing across languages and modalities exists, and it involves the left inferior parietal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Hu
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishida
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Peter Ford Dominey
- INSERM - U1093 Cognition, Action, and Sensorimotor Plasticity, Dijon, France
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Liuzzi AG, Bruffaerts R, Vandenberghe R. The medial temporal written word processing system. Cortex 2019; 119:287-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Abstract
For British neurologists, one case was considered to represent significant evidence regarding the organization of language in the brain in the second half of the 19th century. The interpretation of its significance was based on repeated standard clinical assessment of behavioral deficits, the use of a psychological model of processing, and lesion localization to inform understanding of clinic-pathological correlation. The aphasic deficits experienced by a single case were observed and recorded by London neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian (1837-1915) over a period of 18 years and used as a demonstration of clinico-pathological reasoning regarding language function. This case was well documented in many of Bastian's publications; presented in teaching demonstrations; included in discussions at medical society meetings and public lectures; and reported widely in the medical press. When this patient died, the autopsy findings were added to the extensive record of his language deficits. Some aspects of the size and site of the lesion were consistent with Bastian's clinical predictions arising from his model of language processing, while others presented more of a paradox. This single case was a significant source of discussion and reflection in the medical community throughout the second half of the 19th century. Examination of various interpretations of this case reveal the assumptions regarding the functional architecture of language processing and more general theoretical considerations of how evidence from cases of acquired neurogenic aphasia can be employed in developing such models. This long view into a historical case sheds light on the challenges of clinic-pathological correlation methods in the understanding of localization of language functions which remain today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Perlman Lorch
- Department of Applied Linguistics and Communication, School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Savill NJ, Cornelissen P, Pahor A, Jefferies E. rTMS evidence for a dissociation in short-term memory for spoken words and nonwords. Cortex 2019; 112:5-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Parsons TD, Duffield T. National Institutes of Health initiatives for advancing scientific developments in clinical neuropsychology. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 33:246-270. [PMID: 30760117 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1523465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current review briefly addresses the history of neuropsychology as a context for discussion of developmental milestones that have advanced the profession, as well as areas where the progression has lagged. More recently in the digital/information age, utilization and incorporation of emerging technologies has been minimal, which has stagnated ongoing evolution of the practice of neuropsychology despite technology changing many aspects of daily living. These authors advocate for embracing National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives, or interchangeably referred to as transformative opportunities, for the behavioral and social sciences. These initiatives address the need for neuropsychologists to transition from fragmented and data-poor approaches to integrated and data-rich scientific approaches that ultimately improve translational applications. Specific to neuropsychology is the need for the adoption of novel means of brain-behavior characterizations. METHOD Narrative review Conclusions: Clinical neuropsychology has reached a developmental plateau where it is ready to embrace the measurement science and technological advances which have been readily adopted by the human neurosciences. While there are ways in which neuropsychology is making inroads into these areas, a great deal of growth is needed to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) consistent with NIH initiatives to advance scientific developments. Moreover, implications of such progress require discussion and modification of training, ethical, and legal mandates of the practice of neuropsychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Parsons
- a NetDragon Digital Research Centre , Denton , Texas.,b Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation (CNS) Laboratory , Denton , Texas.,c College of Information , Denton , Texas
| | - Tyler Duffield
- d Department of Family/Sports Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
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20
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Howieson D. Current limitations of neuropsychological tests and assessment procedures. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 33:200-208. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1552762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Howieson
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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21
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Tribute to Glyn W. Humphreys, 1954-2016. Cortex 2018; 107:1-3. [PMID: 30119895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Hasson U, Egidi G, Marelli M, Willems RM. Grounding the neurobiology of language in first principles: The necessity of non-language-centric explanations for language comprehension. Cognition 2018; 180:135-157. [PMID: 30053570 PMCID: PMC6145924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have ushered in tremendous progress in understanding the neural basis of language. Most of our current knowledge on language and the brain, however, is derived from lab-based experiments that are far removed from everyday language use, and that are inspired by questions originating in linguistic and psycholinguistic contexts. In this paper we argue that in order to make progress, the field needs to shift its focus to understanding the neurobiology of naturalistic language comprehension. We present here a new conceptual framework for understanding the neurobiological organization of language comprehension. This framework is non-language-centered in the computational/neurobiological constructs it identifies, and focuses strongly on context. Our core arguments address three general issues: (i) the difficulty in extending language-centric explanations to discourse; (ii) the necessity of taking context as a serious topic of study, modeling it formally and acknowledging the limitations on external validity when studying language comprehension outside context; and (iii) the tenuous status of the language network as an explanatory construct. We argue that adopting this framework means that neurobiological studies of language will be less focused on identifying correlations between brain activity patterns and mechanisms postulated by psycholinguistic theories. Instead, they will be less self-referential and increasingly more inclined towards integration of language with other cognitive systems, ultimately doing more justice to the neurobiological organization of language and how it supports language as it is used in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, The University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center for Practical Wisdom, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Giovanna Egidi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, The University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Roel M Willems
- Centre for Language Studies & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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