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Grilc N, Valappil AC, Tillin NA, Mian OS, Wright DJ, Holmes PS, Castelli F, Bruton AM. Motor imagery drives the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability for coordinative lower-limb actions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13057. [PMID: 38844650 PMCID: PMC11156847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) facilitates corticospinal excitability (CSE) and may potentially induce plastic-like changes in the brain in a similar manner to physical practice. This study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore changes in CSE for AOMI of coordinative lower-limb actions. Twenty-four healthy adults completed two baseline (BLH, BLNH) and three AOMI conditions, where they observed a knee extension while simultaneously imagining the same action (AOMICONG), plantarflexion (AOMICOOR-FUNC), or dorsiflexion (AOMICOOR-MOVE). Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes were recorded as a marker of CSE for all conditions from two knee extensor, one dorsi flexor, and two plantar flexor muscles following TMS to the right leg representation of the left primary motor cortex. A main effect for experimental condition was reported for all three muscle groups. MEP amplitudes were significantly greater in the AOMICONG condition compared to the BLNH condition (p = .04) for the knee extensors, AOMICOOR-FUNC condition compared to the BLH condition (p = .03) for the plantar flexors, and AOMICOOR-MOVE condition compared to the two baseline conditions for the dorsi flexors (ps ≤ .01). The study findings support the notion that changes in CSE are driven by the imagined actions during coordinative AOMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neza Grilc
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, HNZW 271, Heinz Wolff Building, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | | | - Neale A Tillin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Omar S Mian
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - David J Wright
- School of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Federico Castelli
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Adam M Bruton
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, HNZW 271, Heinz Wolff Building, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
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2
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Woodrow-Hill C, Gowen E, Vogt S, Edmonds E, Poliakoff E. Stimulus specificity in combined action observation and motor imagery of typing. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241241502. [PMID: 38482583 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241241502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) can improve movement execution (ME) in healthy adults and certain patient populations. However, it is unclear how the specificity of the observation component during AO + MI influences ME. As generalised observation could result in more flexible AO + MI rehabilitation programmes, this study investigated whether observing typing of target words (specific condition) or non-matching words (general condition) during AO + MI would have different effects on keyboard typing in healthy young adults. In Experiment 1, 51 students imagined typing a target word while watching typing videos that were either specific to the target word or general. There were no differences in typing execution between AO + MI conditions, though participants typed more slowly after both AO + MI conditions compared with no observation or imagery. Experiment 2 repeated Experiment 1 in 20 students, but with a faster stimulus speed in the AO + MI conditions and increased cognitive difficulty in the control condition. The results showed that the slowed typing after AO + MI was likely due to a strong influence of task-switching between imagery and execution, as well as an automatic imitation effect. Both experiments demonstrate that general and specific AO + MI comparably affect ME. In addition, slower ME following both AO + MI and a challenging cognitive task provides support for the motor-cognitive model of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Woodrow-Hill
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Gowen
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Psychology Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Eve Edmonds
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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3
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Romano Smith SL, Roberts JW, Miller AJ, Wakefield CJ. Theoretical explanations and the availability of information for learning via combined action observation and motor imagery: a commentary on Eaves et al. (2022). PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s00426-024-01955-8. [PMID: 38526580 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The recent review by Eaves et al. (Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung, 2022) outlines the research conducted to-date on combined action-observation and motor imagery (AOMI), and more specifically, its added benefit to learning. Of interest, these findings have been primarily attributed to the dual action simulation hypothesis, whereby AO and MI activate separable representations for action that may be later merged when they are congruent with one another. The present commentary more closely evaluates this explanation. What's more, we offer an alternative information-based argument where the benefit to learning may be served instead by the availability of key information. Along these lines, we speculate on possible future directions including the need for a transfer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Romano Smith
- School of Health Science and Wellbeing, Department of Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, College Road, London, ST4 2DE, UK.
| | - James W Roberts
- Research Institute of Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Brain & Behaviour Research Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 5AF, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- School of Health Science and Wellbeing, Department of Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, College Road, London, ST4 2DE, UK
| | - Caroline J Wakefield
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Taggart Avenue, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK
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Moreno-Verdú M, Hamoline G, Van Caenegem EE, Waltzing BM, Forest S, Valappil AC, Khan AH, Chye S, Esselaar M, Campbell MJ, McAllister CJ, Kraeutner SN, Poliakoff E, Frank C, Eaves DL, Wakefield C, Boe SG, Holmes PS, Bruton AM, Vogt S, Wright DJ, Hardwick RM. Guidelines for reporting action simulation studies (GRASS): Proposals to improve reporting of research in motor imagery and action observation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 192:108733. [PMID: 37956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from multiple disciplines have studied the simulation of actions through motor imagery, action observation, or their combination. Procedures used in these studies vary considerably between research groups, and no standardized approach to reporting experimental protocols has been proposed. This has led to under-reporting of critical details, impairing the assessment, replication, synthesis, and potential clinical translation of effects. We provide an overview of issues related to the reporting of information in action simulation studies, and discuss the benefits of standardized reporting. We propose a series of checklists that identify key details of research protocols to include when reporting action simulation studies. Each checklist comprises A) essential methodological details, B) essential details that are relevant to a specific mode of action simulation, and C) further points that may be useful on a case-by-case basis. We anticipate that the use of these guidelines will improve the understanding, reproduction, and synthesis of studies using action simulation, and enhance the translation of research using motor imagery and action observation to applied and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gautier Hamoline
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Elise E Van Caenegem
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Baptiste M Waltzing
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Forest
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ashika C Valappil
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Adam H Khan
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Samantha Chye
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK
| | - Maaike Esselaar
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Lero Esports Science Research Lab, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department & Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Craig J McAllister
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah N Kraeutner
- Neuroplasticity, Imagery, And Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology & Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Body Eyes and Movement (BEAM) Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Cognition, Imagery and Learning in Action Laboratory, Department of Sports and Movement Science, School of Educational and Cultural Studies, Osnabrueck University, Germany
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Shaun G Boe
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, School of Physiotherapy and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Adam M Bruton
- Simulating Movements to Improve Learning and Execution (SMILE) Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, UK; : Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Perception and Action Group, Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Robert M Hardwick
- Brain, Action, And Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Belgium.
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Agnelli M, Libeccio B, Frisoni MC, Bolzoni F, Temporiti F, Gatti R. Action observation plus motor imagery and somatosensory discrimination training are effective non-motor approaches to improve manual dexterity. J Hand Ther 2024; 37:94-100. [PMID: 37580196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action observation plus motor imagery (AOMI) and somatosensory discrimination training (SSDT) represent sensory input-based approaches to train the motor system without necessarily asking subjects to perform active movements. PURPOSE To investigate AOMI and SSDT effects compared to no intervention on manual dexterity in healthy subjects. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled study. METHODS Sixty healthy right-handed participants were randomized into AOMI, SSDT or Control (CTRL) groups. AOMI observed video-clips including right-hand dexterity tasks and concurrently performed motor imagery, SSDT performed surfaces recognition and 2-point distance discrimination tasks with the right hand, whereas CTRL underwent no intervention. A blinded physiotherapist assessed participants for manual dexterity using the Purdue Pegboard Test (Right hand-R, Left hand-L, Both hands-B, R+L+B and assembly tasks) at baseline (T0) and training end (T1). A mixed-design Analysis of Variance with Time as within-subject factor and Group as between-subject factor was used to investigate between-group differences over time. RESULTS A Time by Group interaction and Time effect were found for R task, which increased from T0 to T1 in all groups with very large effect sizes for SSDT (d = 1.8, CI95 2.4-1.0, P < .001) and AOMI (d = 1.7, CI95 2.5-1.0, P < .001) and medium effect size for CTRL (d = 0.6, CI95 1.2-0.2, P < .001). Between-group post-hoc comparison for deltas (T1-T0) showed large effect size (d = 1.0, CI95 1.6-0.3, P = .003) in favor of SSDT and medium effect size (d = 0.7, CI95 1.4-0.1, P = .026) in favor of AOMI compared to CTRL. Time effects were found for L, B, R + L + B and assembly tasks (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AOMI and SSDT induced greater manual dexterity improvements than no intervention. These findings supported the role of visual and somatosensory stimuli in building a motor plan and enhancing the accuracy of hand movements. These non-motor approaches may enhance motor performance in job or hobbies requiring marked manual dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Agnelli
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Libeccio
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Frisoni
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Temporiti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Wright DJ, Holmes PS. Synchronous action observation and motor imagery may not always represent the optimal form of action simulation: a commentary on Eaves et al. (2022). PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s00426-023-01894-w. [PMID: 37938461 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
(Eaves et al., Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 2022) summary review, showing positive behavioural effects of AOMI interventions, is a welcome addition to the field. Several recent studies, however, have reported that AOMI may be no more beneficial than independent MI, and, for some tasks, may add no benefit beyond that obtained via physical practice. We discuss evidence to balance the narrative but support the pragmatic reasons why AOMI remains a suitable and appealing form of action simulation. We propose that further research interrogation of the discrete AOMI states through a more continuum-based approach could address some of the inconsistent data seen in AOMI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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7
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Gmamdya H, Souissi MA, Bougrine H, Baaziz M, Noomen Guelmami, Majdi B, Robin N, Bali N. The Positive Impact of Combining Motor Imagery, Action Observation and Coach's Feedback on Archery Accuracy of Young Athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2226-2248. [PMID: 37656001 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231193218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, learning and motor control researchers have examined, in diverse ways, the practical strategies that enhance motor skill acquisition in sport. In this study we investigated the impact of combining Motor Imagery (MI), Feedback (F), and Action Observation (AO) on the quality of archery longbow shooting at a 10-meter target. We randomly assigned 60 young athletes to (a) a Control group (Control), (b) a Feedback and Motor Imagery group (F + MI), and (c) a Feedback, Motor Imagery, and Action Observation group (F + MI + AO). Over an 8-week intervention period athletes performed two training sessions per week. During each session, all participants engaged in two blocks of ten effective shots. Performance improvement was significantly greater in the F + MI + AO group than in the two other groups, confirming the beneficial impact of combining all three methods of improving archery accuracy. These findings suggest practical recommendations for athletes and trainers for delivering optimal mental training to improve shooting accuracy for these archers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Gmamdya
- Research Laboratory in Disability and Social Maladjustment, University of Mannouba, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Gafsa University, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Gafsa University, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Baaziz
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Bouazizi Majdi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Gafsa University, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Robin
- Laboratoire ACTES (3596), UFR STAPS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Naila Bali
- Research Laboratory in Disability and Social Maladjustment, University of Mannouba, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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8
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Šlosar L, Peskar M, Pišot R, Marusic U. Environmental enrichment through virtual reality as multisensory stimulation to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged bed rest. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169683. [PMID: 37674784 PMCID: PMC10477372 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged bed rest causes a multitude of deleterious physiological changes in the human body that require interventions even during immobilization to prevent or minimize these negative effects. In addition to other interventions such as physical and nutritional therapy, non-physical interventions such as cognitive training, motor imagery, and action observation have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating or improving not only cognitive but also motor outcomes in bedridden patients. Recent technological advances have opened new opportunities to implement such non-physical interventions in semi- or fully-immersive environments to enable the development of bed rest countermeasures. Extended Reality (XR), which covers augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), can enhance the training process by further engaging the kinesthetic, visual, and auditory senses. XR-based enriched environments offer a promising research avenue to investigate the effects of multisensory stimulation on motor rehabilitation and to counteract dysfunctional brain mechanisms that occur during prolonged bed rest. This review discussed the use of enriched environment applications in bedridden patients as a promising tool to improve patient rehabilitation outcomes and suggested their integration into existing treatment protocols to improve patient care. Finally, the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the positive cognitive and motor effects of an enriched environment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šlosar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Department of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Department of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia
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9
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Scott MW, Wood G, Holmes PS, Marshall B, Williams J, Wright DJ. Combined action observation and motor imagery improves learning of activities of daily living in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284086. [PMID: 37220154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterised by poor motor coordination, which interferes with the ability to execute activities of daily living (ADLs). Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) involves observing movement videos whilst imagining simultaneously the sensations of executing the same movement. Laboratory-based research indicates that AOMI can help improve movement coordination in children with DCD, but no previous research had investigated the efficacy of AOMI interventions for learning ADLs. This study investigated the efficacy of a home-based, parent-led, AOMI intervention for learning ADLs in children with DCD. Children with confirmed (n = 23) or suspected (n = 5) DCD (total sample n = 28), aged 7-12 years, were assigned to either an AOMI intervention or a control intervention (both n = 14). Participants attempted the following ADLs at pre-test (week 1), post-test (week 4), and retention test (week 6): shoelace tying, cutlery use, shirt buttoning, and cup stacking. Task completion times and movement techniques were recorded. The AOMI intervention produced significantly faster task completion times than the control intervention at post-test for shoelace tying, and significantly improved movement techniques for shoelace tying and cup stacking. Importantly, for children who could not tie shoelaces at pre-test (n = 9 per group), 89% of those following the AOMI intervention learnt the skill successfully by the end of the study, compared to only 44% of those following the control intervention. The findings indicate that home-based, parent-led, AOMI interventions can aid the learning of complex ADLs in children with DCD, and may be particularly effective for facilitating the learning of motor skills that do not currently exist within these children's motor repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Scott
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Wright
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Bayram M, Palluel-Germain R, Lebon F, Durand E, Harquel S, Perrone-Bertolotti M. Motor imagery training to improve language processing: What are the arguments? Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:982849. [PMID: 36816506 PMCID: PMC9929469 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.982849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that motor expertise was found to induce improvement in language processing. Grounded and situated approaches attributed this effect to an underlying automatic simulation of the motor experience elicited by action words, similar to motor imagery (MI), and suggest shared representations of action conceptualization. Interestingly, recent results also suggest that the mental simulation of action by MI training induces motor-system modifications and improves motor performance. Consequently, we hypothesize that, since MI training can induce motor-system modifications, it could be used to reinforce the functional connections between motor and language system, and could thus lead to improved language performance. Here, we explore these potential interactions by reviewing recent fundamental and clinical literature in the action-language and MI domains. We suggested that exploiting the link between action language and MI could open new avenues for complementary language improvement programs. We summarize the current literature to evaluate the rationale behind this novel training and to explore the mechanisms underlying MI and its impact on language performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bayram
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Florent Lebon
- Laboratoire INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences du Sport (UFR STAPS), Dijon, France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Edith Durand
- Département d’Orthophonie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France,*Correspondence: Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti,
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11
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Eaves DL, Hodges NJ, Buckingham G, Buccino G, Vogt S. Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022:10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7. [PMID: 36574019 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a variety of ways in which practising motor actions by means of motor imagery (MI) can be enhanced via synchronous action observation (AO), that is, by AO + MI. We review the available research on the (mostly facilitatory) behavioural effects of AO + MI practice in the early stages of skill acquisition, discuss possible theoretical explanations, and consider several issues related to the choice and presentation schedules of suitable models. We then discuss considerations related to AO + MI practice at advanced skill levels, including expertise effects, practical recommendations such as focussing attention on specific aspects of the observed action, using just-ahead models, and possible effects of the perspective in which the observed action is presented. In section "Coordinative AO + MI", we consider scenarios where the observer imagines performing an action that complements or responds to the observed action, as a promising and yet under-researched application of AO + MI training. In section "The dual action simulation hypothesis of AO + MI", we review the neurocognitive hypothesis that AO + MI practice involves two parallel action simulations, and we consider opportunities for future research based on recent neuroimaging work on parallel motor representations. In section "AO + MI training in motor rehabilitation", we review applications of AO, MI, and AO + MI training in the field of neurorehabilitation. Taken together, this evidence-based, exploratory review opens a variety of avenues for future research and applications of AO + MI practice, highlighting several clear advantages over the approaches of purely AO- or MI-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Eaves
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nicola J Hodges
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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12
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Chye S, Valappil AC, Wright DJ, Frank C, Shearer DA, Tyler CJ, Diss CE, Mian OS, Tillin NA, Bruton AM. The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability and movement outcomes: Two meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Dos Anjos T, Guillot A, Kerautret Y, Daligault S, Di Rienzo F. Corticomotor Plasticity Underlying Priming Effects of Motor Imagery on Force Performance. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111537. [PMID: 36421861 PMCID: PMC9688534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological processes underlying the priming effects of motor imagery (MI) on force performance remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether the priming effects of embedded MI practice involved short-term changes in corticomotor connectivity. In a within-subjects counterbalanced experimental design, participants (n = 20) underwent a series of experimental sessions consisting of successive maximal isometric contractions of elbow flexor muscles. During inter-trial rest periods, we administered MI, action observation (AO), and a control passive recovery condition. We collected electromyograms (EMG) from both agonists and antagonists of the force task, in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) brain potentials during force trials. Force output was higher during MI compared to AO and control conditions (both p < 0.01), although fatigability was similar across experimental conditions. We also found a weaker relationship between triceps brachii activation and force output during MI and AO compared to the control condition. Imaginary coherence topographies of alpha (8−12 Hz) oscillations revealed increased connectivity between EEG sensors from central scalp regions and EMG signals from agonists during MI, compared to AO and control. Present results suggest that the priming effects of MI on force performance are mediated by a more efficient cortical drive to motor units yielding reduced agonist/antagonist coactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dos Anjos
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Allyane, 84 quai Joseph Gillet, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Yann Kerautret
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- CAPSIX, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Daligault
- Centre de Recherche Multimodal et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), Department of Magnetoencephalography, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-7243-1625
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14
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O’Shea H. Mapping relational links between motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:984053. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.984053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actions can be physically executed, observed, imagined, or simply thought about. Unifying mental processes, such as simulation, emulation, or predictive processing, are thought to underlie different action types, whether they are mental states, as in the case of motor imagery and action observation, or involve physical execution. While overlapping brain activity is typically observed across different actions which indicates commonalities, research interest is also concerned with investigating the distinct functional components of these action types. Unfortunately, untangling subtleties associated with the neurocognitive bases of different action types is a complex endeavour due to the high dimensional nature of their neural substrate (e.g., any action process is likely to activate multiple brain regions thereby having multiple dimensions to consider when comparing across them). This has impeded progress in action-related theorising and application. The present study addresses this challenge by using the novel approach of multidimensional modeling to reduce the high-dimensional neural substrate of four action-related behaviours (motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution), find the least number of dimensions that distinguish or relate these action types, and characterise their neurocognitive relational links. Data for the model comprised brain activations for action types from whole-brain analyses reported in 53 published articles. Eighty-two dimensions (i.e., 82 brain regions) for the action types were reduced to a three-dimensional model, that mapped action types in ordination space where the greater the distance between the action types, the more dissimilar they are. A series of one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc comparisons performed on the mean coordinates for each action type in the model showed that across all action types, action execution and concurrent action observation (AO)-motor imagery (MI) were most neurocognitively similar, while action execution and AO were most dissimilar. Most action types were similar on at least one neurocognitive dimension, the exception to this being action-related language. The import of the findings are discussed in terms of future research and implications for application.
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15
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Bordoloi S, Saikia P, Gupta CN, Hazarika SM. Neural Correlates of Motor Imagery during Action Observation in Affordance-based Actions: Preliminary Results. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4088-4092. [PMID: 36085861 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Object affordance, a characterization of the different functionalities of an object, refers to an object's numerous possibilities of interaction. It has a significant part to play in priming motoric actions which depends on the actor's spontaneous neurological behaviour. Action Observation (AO) and Motor Imagery (MI) also lead to the stimulation of motor system. In fact, AO and MI result in activation of overlapping brain areas as the actual motor task. AO combined with MI (referred to as AO+MI) initiates higher cortical activity in comparison with either MI or AO alone. In this paper, we investigate the influence of affordance driven motor priming during AO, MI and AO + MI. Source current density as an EEG parameter is estimated by Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Our results demonstrate that affordance driven motor priming during AO+MI indicates stronger electrophysiological and behavioural changes. This is evident from the N2 ERP component. Further, the current source density (in brain regions associated with motor planning) during affordance driven AO+MI is found to be maximum.
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16
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Kaneko N, Sasaki A, Yokoyama H, Masugi Y, Nakazawa K. Effects of action observation and motor imagery of walking on the corticospinal and spinal motoneuron excitability and motor imagery ability in healthy participants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266000. [PMID: 35436303 PMCID: PMC9015126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are used for the rehabilitation of patients who face difficulty walking. Rehabilitation involving AO, MI, and AO combined with MI (AO+MI) facilitates gait recovery after neurological disorders. However, the mechanism by which it positively affects gait function is unclear. We previously examined the neural mechanisms underlying AO and MI of walking, focusing on AO+MI and corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability, which play important roles in gait function. Herein, we investigated the effects of a short intervention using AO+MI of walking on the corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability and MI ability of participants. Twelve healthy individuals participated in this study, which consisted of a 20 min intervention. Before the experiment, we measured MI ability using the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2). We used motor evoked potential and F-wave measurements to evaluate the corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability at rest, pre-intervention, 0 min, and 15 min post-intervention. We also measured corticospinal excitability during MI of walking and the participant’s ability to perform MI using a visual analog scale (VAS). There were no significant changes in corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability during and after the intervention using AO+MI (p>0.05). The intervention temporarily increased VAS scores, thus indicating clearer MI (p<0.05); however, it did not influence corticospinal excitability during MI of walking (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the VMIQ-2 and VAS scores and changes in corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability. Therefore, one short intervention using AO+MI increased MI ability in healthy individuals; however, it was insufficient to induce plastic changes at the cortical and spinal levels. Moreover, the effects of intervention using AO+MI were not associated with MI ability. Our findings provide information about intervention using AO+MI in healthy individuals and might be helpful in planning neurorehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotsugu Kaneko
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yokoyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Motor Imagery: How to Assess, Improve Its Performance, and Apply It for Psychosis Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040949. [PMID: 35453997 PMCID: PMC9025310 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of scientific studies in the field of motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME). We composed the brain map and description that correlate different brain areas with the type of movements it is responsible for. That gives a more complete and systematic picture of human brain functionality in the case of ME and MI. We systematized the most popular methods for assessing the quality of MI performance and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. We also reviewed the main directions for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in MI research and considered the principal effects of TMS on MI performance. In addition, we discuss the main applications of MI, emphasizing its use in the diagnostics of various neurodegenerative disorders and psychoses. Finally, we discuss the research gap and possible improvements for further research in the field.
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18
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Emerson JR, Scott MW, van Schaik P, Butcher N, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self-other perceptions. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2407. [PMID: 34994997 PMCID: PMC8865155 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that both observed and imagined actions can be represented in the brain as two parallel sensorimotor representations. One proposal is that higher order cognitive processes would align these two hypothetical action simulations. METHODS We investigated this hypothesis using an automatic imitation paradigm, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings over the prefrontal cortex during different motor simulation states. On each trial, participants (n = 14) observed a picture of a rhythmical action (instructed action) followed by a distractor movie showing the same or different action. Participants then executed the instructed action. Distractor actions were manipulated to be fast or slow, and instructions were manipulated during distractor presentation: action observation (AO), combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and observe to imitate (intentional imitation). A pure motor imagery (MI) condition was also included. RESULTS Kinematic analyses showed that although distractor speed effects were significant under all instructions (shorter mean cycle times in execution for fast compared to slow trials), this imitation bias was significantly stronger for combined AO+MI than both AO and MI, and stronger for intentional imitation than the other three automatic imitation conditions. In the left prefrontal cortex, cerebral oxygenation was significantly greater for combined AO+MI than all other instructions. Participants reported that their representation of the self overlapped with the observed model significantly more during AO+MI than AO. CONCLUSION Left prefrontal activation may therefore be a neural signature of AO+MI, supporting attentional switching between concurrent representations of self (MI, top-down) and other (AO, bottom-up) to increase imitation and perceived closeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Matthew W Scott
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Natalie Butcher
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ryan P W Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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19
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Zhou L, Zhu Q, Wu B, Qin B, Hu H, Qian Z. A comparison of directed functional connectivity among fist-related brain activities during movement imagery, movement execution, and movement observation. Brain Res 2021; 1777:147769. [PMID: 34971597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been widely used in sports training and rehabilitation training. It is primarily based on action simulation, including movement imagery (MI) and movement observation (MO). However, the development of BCI technology is limited due to the challenge of getting an in-depth understanding of brain networks involved in MI, MO, and movement execution (ME). To better understand the brain activity changes and the communications across various brain regions under MO, ME, and MI, this study conducted the fist experiment under MO, ME, and MI. We recorded 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) from 39 healthy subjects (25 males, 14 females, all right-handed) during fist tasks, obtained intensities and locations of sources using EEG source imaging (ESI), computed source activation modes, and finally investigated the brain networks using spectral Granger causality (GC). The brain regions involved in the three motor conditions are similar, but the degree of participation of each brain region and the network connections among the brain regions are different. MO, ME, and MI did not recruit shared brain connectivity networks. In addition, both source activation modes and brain network connectivity had lateralization advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Electronic Information Department, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixu Hu
- Sports Training Academy, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Vasilyev AN, Nuzhdin YO, Kaplan AY. Does Real-Time Feedback Affect Sensorimotor EEG Patterns in Routine Motor Imagery Practice? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091234. [PMID: 34573253 PMCID: PMC8469546 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Motor imagery engages much of the same neural circuits as an overt movement. Therefore, the mental rehearsal of movements is often used to supplement physical training and might aid motor neurorehabilitation after stroke. One attempt to capture the brain’s involvement in imagery involves the use, as a marker, of the depression or event-related desynchronization (ERD) of thalamocortical sensorimotor rhythms found in a human electroencephalogram (EEG). Using fast real-time processing, it is possible to make the subject aware of their own brain reactions or—even better—to turn them into actions through a technology called the brain–computer interface (BCI). However, it remains unclear whether BCI-enabled imagery facilitates a stronger or qualitatively different brain response compared to the open-loop training. Methods. Seven healthy volunteers who were experienced in both closed and open-loop motor imagery took part in six experimental sessions over a period of 4.5 months, in which they performed kinesthetic imagery of a previously known set of finger and arm movements with simultaneous 30-channel EEG acquisition. The first and the last session mostly consisted of feedback trials in which the subjects were presented with the classification results of the EEG patterns in real time; during the other sessions, no feedback was provided. Spatiotemporal and amplitude features of the ERD patterns concomitant with imagery were compared across experimental days and between feedback conditions using linear mixed-effects modeling. Results. The main spatial sources of ERD appeared to be highly stable across the six experimental days, remaining nearly identical in five of seven subjects (Pearson’s ρ > 0.94). Only in one subject did the spatial pattern of activation statistically significantly differ (p = 0.009) between the feedback and no-feedback conditions. Real-time visual feedback delivered through the BCI did not significantly increase the ERD strength. Conclusion. The results imply that the potential benefits of MI could be yielded by well-habituated subjects with a simplified open-loop setup, e.g., through at-home self-practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly N. Vasilyev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.O.N.); (A.Y.K.)
- MEG Center, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 123290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yury O. Nuzhdin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.O.N.); (A.Y.K.)
| | - Alexander Y. Kaplan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.O.N.); (A.Y.K.)
- Center for Neurotechnology and Machine Learning, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
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21
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Naro A, Pignolo L, Lucca LF, Calabrò RS. An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg? Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:181-197. [PMID: 33998559 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard. OBJECTIVE In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC. METHODS We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street. RESULTS CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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22
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Action Imagery and Observation in Neurorehabilitation for Parkinson's Disease (ACTION-PD): Development of a User-Informed Home Training Intervention to Improve Functional Hand Movements. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 2021:4559519. [PMID: 34336183 PMCID: PMC8324342 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4559519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) causes difficulties with hand movements, which few studies have addressed therapeutically. Training with action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) improves performance in healthy individuals, particularly when the techniques are applied simultaneously (AO + MI). Both AO and MI have shown promising effects in people with PD, but previous studies have only used these separately. Objective This article describes the development and pilot testing of an intervention combining AO + MI and physical practice to improve functional manual actions in people with PD. Methods The home-based intervention, delivered using a tablet computer app, was iteratively designed by an interdisciplinary team, including people with PD, and further developed through focus groups and initial field testing. Preliminary data on feasibility were obtained via a six-week pilot randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN 11184024) of 10 participants with mild to moderate PD (6 intervention; 4 treatment as usual). Usage and adherence data were recorded during training, and semistructured interviews were conducted with participants. Exploratory outcome measures included dexterity and timed action performance. Results Usage and qualitative data provided preliminary evidence of acceptability and usability. Exploratory outcomes also suggested that subjective and objective performance of manual actions should be tested in a larger trial. The importance of personalisation, choice, and motivation was highlighted, as well as the need to facilitate engagement in motor imagery. Conclusions The results indicate that a larger RCT is warranted, and the findings also have broader relevance for the feasibility and development of AO + MI interventions for PD and other conditions.
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23
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Yokoyama H, Kaneko N, Watanabe K, Nakazawa K. Neural decoding of gait phases during motor imagery and improvement of the decoding accuracy by concurrent action observation. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34082405 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac07bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Brain decoding of motor imagery (MI) not only is crucial for the control of neuroprosthesis but also provides insights into the underlying neural mechanisms. Walking consists of stance and swing phases, which are associated with different biomechanical and neural control features. However, previous knowledge on decoding the MI of gait is limited to simple information (e.g. the classification of 'walking' and 'rest').Approach. Here, we investigated the feasibility of electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding of the two gait phases during the MI of walking and whether the combined use of MI and action observation (AO) would improve decoding accuracy.Main results. We demonstrated that the stance and swing phases could be decoded from EEGs during MI or AO alone. We also demonstrated the decoding accuracy during MI was improved by concurrent AO. The decoding models indicated that the improved decoding accuracy following the combined use of MI and AO was facilitated by the additional information resulting from the concurrent cortical activations related to sensorimotor, visual, and action understanding systems associated with MI and AO.Significance. This study is the first to show that decoding the stance versus swing phases during MI is feasible. The current findings provide fundamental knowledge for neuroprosthetic design and gait rehabilitation, and they expand our understanding of the neural activity underlying AO, MI, and AO + MI of walking.Novelty and significanceBrain decoding of detailed gait-related information during motor imagery (MI) is important for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for gait rehabilitation. This study is the first to show the feasibility of EEG decoding of the stance versus swing phases during MI. We also demonstrated that the combined use of MI and action observation (AO) improves decoding accuracy, which is facilitated by the concurrent and synergistic involvement of the cortical activations for MI and AO. These findings extend the current understanding of neural activity and the combined effects of AO and MI and provide a basis for effective techniques for walking rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Yokoyama
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kaneko
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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24
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Comparison of the on-line effects of different motor simulation conditions on corticospinal excitability in healthy participants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13176. [PMID: 34162974 PMCID: PMC8222244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy participants, corticospinal excitability is known to increase during motor simulations such as motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO) and mirror therapy (MT), suggesting their interest to promote plasticity in neurorehabilitation. Further comparing these methods and investigating their combination may potentially provide clues to optimize their use in patients. To this end, we compared in 18 healthy participants abductor pollicis brevis (APB) corticospinal excitability during MI, AO or MT, as well as MI combined with either AO or MT. In each condition, 15 motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and three maximal M-wave were elicited in the right APB. Compared to the control condition, mean normalized MEP amplitude (i.e. MEP/M) increased during MI (P = .003), MT (P < .001) and MT + MI (P < .001), without any difference between the three conditions. No MEP modulation was evidenced during AO or AO + MI. Because MI provided no additional influence when combined with AO or MT, our results may suggest that, in healthy subjects, visual feedback and unilateral movement with a mirror may provide the greatest effects among all the tested motor simulations.
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Castro F, Bryjka PA, Di Pino G, Vuckovic A, Nowicky A, Bishop D. Sonification of combined action observation and motor imagery: Effects on corticospinal excitability. Brain Cogn 2021; 152:105768. [PMID: 34144438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Action observation and motor imagery are valuable strategies for motor learning. Their simultaneous use (AOMI) increases neural activity, with related benefits for motor learning, compared to the two strategies alone. In this study, we explored how sonification influences AOMI. Twenty-five participants completed a practice block based on AOMI, motor imagery and physical execution of the same action. Participants were divided into two groups: An experimental group that practiced with sonification during AOMI (sAOMI), and a control group, which did not receive any extrinsic feedback. Corticospinal excitability at rest and during action observation and AOMI was assessed before and after practice, with and without sonification sound, to test the development of an audiomotor association. The practice block increased corticospinal excitability in all testing conditions, but sonification did not affect this. In addition, we found no differences in action observation and AOMI, irrespective of sonification. These results suggest that, at least for simple tasks, sonification of AOMI does not influence corticospinal excitability; In these conditions, sonification may have acted as a distractor. Future studies should further explore the relationship between task complexity, value of auditory information and action, to establish whether sAOMI is a valuable for motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castro
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (Next Lab), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Paulina Anna Bryjka
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (Next Lab), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, James Watt Building (south) University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Daniel Bishop
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Dylan RM, Charalambos P, Aymeric G, Florent L. Motor imagery and action observation following immobilization-induced hypoactivity: a narrative review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 65:101541. [PMID: 34023499 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports, the risk of pathology or event that leads to an injury, a cessation of practice or even to an immobilization is high. The subsequent reduction of physical activity, or hypoactivity, induces neural and muscular changes that adversely affect motor skills and functional motor rehabilitation. Because the implementation of physical practice is difficult, if not impossible, during and immediately following injury or immobilization, complementary techniques have been proposed to minimize the deleterious impact of hypoactivity on neuromuscular function. OBJECTIVE The current narrative review aimed to discuss the contributions of motor imagery and action observation, which enhance motor (re)learning and induce neural adaptations in both healthy individuals and injured athletes. METHODS Online literature research for studies of the effects of motor imagery, action observation and their combination on hypoactivity, extracting relevant publications within the last decade (2009-2020). RESULTS From published studies and the authors' knowledge of both motor imagery and action observation, some elements are provided for developing applied protocols during and after the immobilization period. Such interventions consist of associating congruent action observation with kinesthetic motor imagery of different movements, organized in increasing difficulty. The aim is to maintain motor functions and promote motor relearning by activating sensorimotor cortical areas and corticomotor pathways of the injured effector. CONCLUSION This narrative review supports the implementation of combined motor imagery and action observation protocols in the context of sports rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rannaud Monany Dylan
- Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Papaxanthis Charalambos
- Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guillot Aymeric
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Lebon Florent
- Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS), INSERM UMR1093, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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Scott MW, Wood G, Holmes PS, Williams J, Marshall B, Wright DJ. Combined action observation and motor imagery: An intervention to combat the neural and behavioural deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:638-646. [PMID: 34022280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) have been used separately across different populations to alleviate movement impairment. Recently these two forms of covert motor simulation have been combined (combined action observation and motor imagery; AOMI), resulting in greater neurophysiological activity in the motor system, and more favourable behavioural outcomes when compared to independent AO and MI. This review aims to outline how some of the neural deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are evident during AO and MI, and highlight how these motor simulation techniques have been used independently to improve motor skill learning in children in this population. The growing body of evidence indicating that AOMI is superior to the independent use of either AO and MI is then synthesised and discussed in the context of children with DCD. To conclude, recommendations to optimise the delivery of AOMI for children with DCD are provided and future avenues for research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Scott
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Greg Wood
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Marshall
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Castro F, Osman L, Di Pino G, Vuckovic A, Nowicky A, Bishop D. Does sonification of action simulation training impact corticospinal excitability and audiomotor plasticity? Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1489-1505. [PMID: 33683403 PMCID: PMC8144125 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonification is a sensory augmentation strategy whereby a sound is associated with, and modulated by, movement. Evidence suggests that sonification could be a viable strategy to maximize learning and rehabilitation. Recent studies investigated sonification of action observation, reporting beneficial effects, especially in Parkinson's disease. However, research on simulation training-a training regime based on action observation and motor imagery, in which actions are internally simulated, without physical execution-suggest that action observation alone is suboptimal, compared to the combined use of action observation and motor imagery. In this study, we explored the effects of sonified action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability, as well as to evaluate the extent of practice-dependent plasticity induced by this training. Nineteen participants were recruited to complete a practice session based on combined and congruent action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) and physical imitation of the same action. Prior to the beginning, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one group (nine participants) completed the practice block with sonified AOMI, while the other group (ten participants) completed the practice without extrinsic auditory information and served as control group. To investigate practice-induced plasticity, participants completed two auditory paired associative stimulation (aPAS) protocols, one completed after the practice block, and another one completed alone, without additional interventions, at least 7 days before the practice. After the practice block, both groups significantly increased their corticospinal excitability, but sonification did not exert additional benefits, compared to non-sonified conditions. In addition, aPAS significantly increased corticospinal excitability when completed alone, but when it was primed by a practice block, no modulatory effects on corticospinal excitability were found. It is possible that sonification of combined action observation and motor imagery may not be a useful strategy to improve corticospinal, but further studies are needed to explore its relationship with performance improvements. We also confirm the neuromodulatory effect of aPAS, but its interaction with audiomotor practice remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castro
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy.
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Ladan Osman
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (NeXTlab), Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, James Watt Building (South) University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Daniel Bishop
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Suzuki Y, Kaneko N, Sasaki A, Tanaka F, Nakazawa K, Nomura T, Milosevic M. Muscle-specific movement-phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability during upper-limb motor execution and motor imagery combined with virtual action observation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135907. [PMID: 33887382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticospinal excitability in humans can be facilitated during imagination and/or observation of upper-limb motor tasks. However, it remains unclear to what extent facilitation levels may differ from those elicited during execution of the same tasks. Twelve able-bodied individuals were recruited in this study. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles were elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex during: (i) rest; (ii) wrist extension; and (iii) wrist flexion. Responses were compared between: (1) motor imagery combined with virtual action observation (MI + AO; first-person virtual wrist movements shown on a computer display, while participants remained at rest and imagined these movements); and (2) motor execution (ME; participants extended or flexed their wrist). During MI + AO, ECR MEPs were facilitated during the extension phase but not the flexion phase, while FCR MEPs were facilitated during the flexion phase but not extension phase, compared to rest. During the ME condition, same, but greater, modulations were shown as those during MI + AO, while background muscle activities were similar in the rest phase as during extension and flexion phase in the MI + AO condition. Our results demonstrated that kinesthetic MI that included imagination and observation of virtual hands can elicit phase-dependent muscles-specific corticospinal facilitation of wrist muscles, consistent to those during actual hand extension and flexion. Moreover, we showed that MI + AO can contribute considerably to the overall corticospinal facilitation (∼20 % of ME) even without muscle contractions. These findings support utility of computer graphics-based motor imagery, which may have implications for rehabilitation and development of brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kaneko
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Taishin Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Matija Milosevic
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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Bedir D, Erhan SE. The Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on the Imagery Skills and Performance of Target-Based Sports Athletes. Front Psychol 2021; 11:2073. [PMID: 33551887 PMCID: PMC7862137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is the examination of the effect of virtual reality based imagery (VRBI) training programs on the shot performance and imagery skills of athletes and, and to conduct a comparison with Visual Motor Behavior Rehearsal and Video Modeling (VMBR + VM). In the research, mixed research method and sequential explanatory design were used. In the quantitative dimension of the study the semi-experimental model was used, and in the qualitative dimension the case study design was adopted. The research participants were selected from athletes who were involved in our target sports: curling (n = 14), bowling (n = 13), and archery (n = 7). All participants were randomly assigned to VMBR + VM (n = 11), VRBI (n = 12), and Control (n = 11) groups through the "Research Randomizer" program. The quantitative data of the study was: the weekly shot performance scores of the athletes and the data obtained from the "Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised." The qualitative data was obtained from the data collected from the semi-structured interview guide, which was developed by researchers and field experts. According to the results obtained from the study, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of shot performance and imagery skills. VRBI training athletes showed more improvement in the 4-week period than the athletes in the VMBR + VM group, in terms of both shot performance and imagery skills. In addition, the VRBI group adapted to the imagery training earlier than the VMBR + VM group. As a result, it was seen that they showed faster development in shot performances. From these findings, it can be said that VRBI program is more efficient in terms of shot performance and imagery skills than VMBR + VM, which is the most used imaging training model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bedir
- Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Erim Erhan
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Phase dependent modulation of cortical activity during action observation and motor imagery of walking: An EEG study. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117486. [PMID: 33164857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are motor simulations which induce cortical activity related to execution of observed and imagined movements. Neuroimaging studies have mainly investigated where the cortical activities during AO and MI of movements are activated and if they match those activated during execution of the movements. However, it remains unclear how cortical activity is modulated; in particular, whether activity depends on observed or imagined phases of movements. We have previously examined the neural mechanisms underlying AO and MI of walking, focusing on the combined effect of AO with MI (AO+MI) and phase dependent modulation of corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability. Here, as a continuation of our previous studies, we investigated cortical activity depending on gait phases during AO and AO+MI of walking by using electroencephalography (EEG); 64-channel EEG signals were recorded in which participants observed walking with or without imagining it, respectively. EEG source and spectral analyses showed that, in the sensorimotor cortex during AO+MI and AO, the alpha and beta power were decreased, and power spectral modulations depended on walking phases. The phase dependent modulations during AO+MI, but not during AO, were like those which occur during actual walking as reported by previous walking studies. These results suggest that combinatory effects of AO+MI could induce parts of the phase dependent activation of the sensorimotor cortex during walking even without any movements. These findings would extend understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying walking and cognitive motor processes and provide clinically beneficial information towards rehabilitation for patients with neurological gait dysfunctions.
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