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Rosso M, van Kerrebroeck B, Maes PJ, Leman M. Embodied perspective-taking enhances interpersonal synchronization: A body-swap study. iScience 2023; 26:108099. [PMID: 37920667 PMCID: PMC10618832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans exhibit a strong tendency to synchronize movements with each other, with visual perspective potentially influencing interpersonal synchronization. By manipulating the visual scenes of participants engaged in a joint finger-tapping task, we examined the effects of 1st person and 2nd person visual perspectives on their coordination dynamics. We hypothesized that perceiving the partner's movements from their 1st person perspective would enhance spontaneous interpersonal synchronization, potentially mediated by the embodiment of the partner's hand. We observed significant differences in attractor dynamics across visual perspectives. Specifically, participants in 1st person coupling were unable to maintain de-coupled trajectories as effectively as in 2nd person coupling. Our findings suggest that visual perspective influences coordination dynamics in dyadic interactions, engaging error-correction mechanisms in individual brains as they integrate the partner's hand into their body representation. Our results have the potential to inform the development of applications for motor training and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rosso
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
- PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition - ULR 4072, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Bavo van Kerrebroeck
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
- SPL - Sequence Production Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
- IDMIL – Input Devices. And Music Interaction Laboratory, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1E3, Canada
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM - Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
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2
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Fossataro C, Galigani M, Rossi Sebastiano A, Bruno V, Ronga I, Garbarini F. Spatial proximity to others induces plastic changes in the neural representation of the peripersonal space. iScience 2022; 26:105879. [PMID: 36654859 PMCID: PMC9840938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) is a highly plastic "invisible bubble" surrounding the body whose boundaries are mapped through multisensory integration. Yet, it is unclear how the spatial proximity to others alters PPS boundaries. Across five experiments (N = 80), by recording behavioral and electrophysiological responses to visuo-tactile stimuli, we demonstrate that the proximity to others induces plastic changes in the neural PPS representation. The spatial proximity to someone else's hand shrinks the portion of space within which multisensory responses occur, thus reducing the PPS boundaries. This suggests that PPS representation, built from bodily and multisensory signals, plastically adapts to the presence of conspecifics to define the self-other boundaries, so that what is usually coded as "my space" is recoded as "your space". When the space is shared with conspecifics, it seems adaptive to move the other-space away from the self-space to discriminate whether external events pertain to the self-body or to other-bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Mattia Galigani
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin 10123, Italy,Corresponding author
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3
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Multisensory-driven facilitation within the peripersonal space is modulated by the expectations about stimulus location on the body. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20061. [PMID: 36414633 PMCID: PMC9681840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence from human and non-human studies suggests that responses to multisensory events are fastened when stimuli occur within the space surrounding the bodily self (i.e., peripersonal space; PPS). However, some human studies did not find such effect. We propose that these dissonant voices might actually uncover a specific mechanism, modulating PPS boundaries according to sensory regularities. We exploited a visuo-tactile paradigm, wherein participants provided speeded responses to tactile stimuli and rated their perceived intensity while ignoring simultaneous visual stimuli, appearing near the stimulated hand (VTNear) or far from it (VTFar; near the non-stimulated hand). Tactile stimuli could be delivered only to one hand (unilateral task) or to both hands randomly (bilateral task). Results revealed that a space-dependent multisensory enhancement (i.e., faster responses and higher perceived intensity in VTNear than VTFar) was present when highly predictable tactile stimulation induced PPS to be circumscribed around the stimulated hand (unilateral task). Conversely, when stimulus location was unpredictable (bilateral task), participants showed a comparable multisensory enhancement in both bimodal conditions, suggesting a PPS widening to include both hands. We propose that the detection of environmental regularities actively shapes PPS boundaries, thus optimizing the detection and reaction to incoming sensory stimuli.
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Frassinetti F. Comments on "No self-advantage in recognizing photographs of one's own hand" (Holmes, Spence, Rossetti Exp Brain Res., 2022). What exactly is meant by "self-advantage effect" in implicit recognition of one's hand? Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2235-2237. [PMID: 36018341 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy. .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Castel Goffredo, 46042, Mantua, Italy.
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5
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Candini M, Fossataro C, Pia L, Vezzadini G, Gindri P, Galigani M, Berti A, Frassinetti F, Garbarini F. Bodily self‐recognition in patients with pathological embodiment. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1987-2003. [PMID: 35869668 PMCID: PMC9544620 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candini
- BOOST PERCEPTION Research Group, Department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes IRCCS of Castel Goffredo Mantova Italy
| | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
- SAMBA Research Group, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SAMBA Research Group, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT) University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Giuliana Vezzadini
- Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes IRCCS of Castel Goffredo Mantova Italy
| | | | - Mattia Galigani
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Anna Berti
- SAMBA Research Group, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT) University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Francesca Frassinetti
- BOOST PERCEPTION Research Group, Department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes IRCCS of Castel Goffredo Mantova Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT) University of Turin Turin Italy
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6
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No self-advantage in recognizing photographs of one's own hand: experimental and meta-analytic evidence. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2221-2233. [PMID: 35596072 PMCID: PMC9458563 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Visually recognising one’s own body is important both for controlling movement and for one’s sense of self. Twenty previous studies asked healthy adults to make rapid recognition judgements about photographs of their own and other peoples’ hands. Some of these judgements involved explicit self-recognition: “Is this your hand or another person’s?” while others assessed self-recognition implicitly, comparing performance for self and other hands in tasks unrelated to self-other discrimination (e.g., left-versus-right; match-to-sample). We report five experiments with three groups of participants performing left-versus-right (Experiment 1) and self-versus-other discrimination tasks (Experiments 2 to 5). No evidence was found for better performance with self than with other stimuli, but some evidence was found for a self-disadvantage in the explicit task. Manipulating stimulus duration as a proxy for task difficulty revealed strong response biases in the explicit self-recognition task. Rather than discriminating between self and other stimuli, participants seem to treat self-other discrimination tasks as self-detection tasks, raising their criterion and consistently responding ‘not me’ when the task is difficult. A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed no overall self-advantage, and suggested a publication bias for reports showing self-advantages in implicit tasks. Although this may appear counter-intuitive, we suggest that there may be no self-advantage in hand recognition.
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Errante A, Rossi Sebastiano A, Ziccarelli S, Bruno V, Rozzi S, Pia L, Fogassi L, Garbarini F. Structural connectivity associated with the sense of body ownership: a diffusion tensor imaging and disconnection study in patients with bodily awareness disorder. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac032. [PMID: 35233523 PMCID: PMC8882004 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain mechanisms underlying the emergence of a normal sense of body ownership can be investigated starting from pathological conditions in which body awareness is selectively impaired. Here, we focused on pathological embodiment, a body ownership disturbance observed in brain-damaged patients who misidentify other people’s limbs as their own. We investigated whether such body ownership disturbance can be classified as a disconnection syndrome, using three different approaches based on diffusion tensor imaging: (i) reconstruction of disconnectome maps in a large sample (N = 70) of stroke patients with and without pathological embodiment; (ii) probabilistic tractography, performed on the age-matched healthy controls (N = 16), to trace cortical connections potentially interrupted in patients with pathological embodiment and spared in patients without this pathological condition; (iii) probabilistic ‘in vivo’ tractography on two patients without and one patient with pathological embodiment. The converging results revealed the arcuate fasciculus and the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus as mainly involved fibre tracts in patients showing pathological embodiment, suggesting that this condition could be related to the disconnection between frontal, parietal and temporal areas. This evidence raises the possibility of a ventral self-body recognition route including regions where visual (computed in occipito-temporal areas) and sensorimotor (stored in premotor and parietal areas) body representations are integrated, giving rise to a normal sense of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Errante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | | | - Settimio Ziccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Stefano Rozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SAMBA Research Group, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin 10123, Italy
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8
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Multivariate Analysis of Evoked Responses during the Rubber Hand Illusion Suggests a Temporal Parcellation into Manipulation and Illusion-Specific Correlates. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0355-21.2021. [PMID: 34980661 PMCID: PMC8805188 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0355-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological processes reflecting body illusions such as the rubber hand remain debated. Previous studies investigating the neural responses evoked by the illusion-inducing stimulation have provided diverging reports as to when these responses reflect the illusory state of the artificial limb becoming embodied. One reason for these diverging reports may be that different studies contrasted different experimental conditions to isolate potential correlates of the illusion, but individual contrasts may reflect multiple facets of the adopted experimental paradigm and not just the illusory state. To resolve these controversies, we recorded EEG responses in human participants and combined multivariate (cross-)classification with multiple Illusion and non-Illusion conditions. These conditions were designed to probe for markers of the illusory state that generalize across the spatial arrangements of limbs or the specific nature of the control object (a rubber hand or participant’s real hand), hence which are independent of the precise experimental conditions used as contrast for the illusion. Our results reveal a parcellation of evoked responses into a temporal sequence of events. Around 125 and 275 ms following stimulus onset, the neurophysiological signals reliably differentiate the illusory state from non-Illusion epochs. These results consolidate previous work by demonstrating multiple neurophysiological correlates of the rubber hand illusion and illustrate how multivariate approaches can help pinpointing those that are independent of the precise experimental configuration used to induce the illusion.
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Ronga I, Galigani M, Bruno V, Castellani N, Rossi Sebastiano A, Valentini E, Fossataro C, Neppi-Modona M, Garbarini F. Seeming confines: Electrophysiological evidence of peripersonal space remapping following tool-use in humans. Cortex 2021; 144:133-150. [PMID: 34666298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The peripersonal space (PPS) is a special portion of space immediately surrounding the body, where the integration between tactile stimuli delivered on the body and auditory or visual events emanating from the environment occurs. Interestingly, PPS can widen if a tool is employed to interact with objects in the far space. However, electrophysiological evidence of such tool-use dependent plasticity in the human brain is scarce. Here, in a series of three experiments, participants were asked to respond to tactile stimuli, delivered to their right hand, either in isolation (unimodal condition) or combined with auditory stimulation, which could occur near (bimodal-near) or far from the stimulated hand (bimodal-far). According to multisensory integration spatial rule, when bimodal stimuli are presented at the same location, we expected a response enhancement (response time - RT - facilitation and event-related potential - ERP - super-additivity). In Experiment 1, we verified that RT facilitation was driven by bimodal input spatial congruency, independently from auditory stimulus intensity. In Experiment 2, we showed that our bimodal task was effective in eliciting the magnification of ERPs in bimodal conditions, with significantly larger responses in the near as compared to far condition. In Experiment 3 (main experiment), we explored tool-use driven PPS plasticity. Our audio-tactile task was performed either following tool-use (a 20-min reaching task, performed using a 145 cm-long rake) or after a control cognitive training (a 20-min visual discrimination task) performed in the far space. Following the control training, faster RTs and greater super-additive ERPs were found in bimodal-near as compared to bimodal-far condition (replicating Experiment 2 results). Crucially, this far-near differential response was significantly reduced after tool-use. Altogether our results indicate a selective effect of tool-use remapping in extending the boundaries of PPS. The present finding might be considered as an electrophysiological evidence of tool-use dependent plasticity in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ronga
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Galigani
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolò Castellani
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy; Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Elia Valentini
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, UK
| | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Neppi-Modona
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy.
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10
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Galigani M, Ronga I, Bruno V, Castellani N, Rossi Sebastiano A, Fossataro C, Garbarini F. Face-like configurations modulate electrophysiological mismatch responses. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1869-1884. [PMID: 33332658 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human face is one of the most salient stimuli in the environment. It has been suggested that even basic face-like configurations (three dots composing a downward pointing triangle) may convey salience. Interestingly, stimulus salience can be signaled by mismatch detection phenomena, characterized by greater amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to relevant novel stimulation as compared to non-relevant repeated events. Here, we investigate whether basic face-like stimuli are salient enough to modulate mismatch detection phenomena. ERPs are elicited by a pair of sequentially presented visual stimuli (S1-S2), delivered at a constant 1-s interval, representing either a face-like stimulus (Upright configuration) or three neutral configurations (Inverted, Leftwards, and Rightwards configurations), that are obtained by rotating the Upright configuration along the three different axes. In pairs including a canonical face-like stimulus, we observe a more effective mismatch detection mechanism, with significantly larger N270 and P300 components when S2 is different from S1 as compared to when S2 is identical to S1. This ERP modulation, not significant in pairs excluding face-like stimuli, reveals that mismatch detection phenomena are significantly affected by basic face-like configurations. Even though further experiments are needed to ascertain whether this effect is specifically elicited by face-like configuration rather than by particular orientation changes, our findings suggest that face essential, structural attributes are salient enough to affect change detection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Galigani
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,BIP Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolò Castellani
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
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