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Emanuel A, Haklay I, Har-Nir I, Halperin I, Liberman N. The impact of task (un)certainty on repeated grip force production. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102618. [PMID: 38490595 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Many studies found that in physical tasks, reducing certainty regarding their endpoints hinders performance. However, the impact of reducing certainty regarding other aspects of physical tasks is unknown. Here we manipulated the certainty of the required effort on an unrelated, parallel task (i.e., off-task uncertainty) and examined how it impacts force production in two within-subject experiments (N = 79). In two sessions, subjects completed 20 repetitions composed of maximal forces using a gripper with their dominant hand. Between repetitions, participants applied either submaximal constant or varied grip forces, with their non-dominant arm, matched for total forces across repetitions. While we observed trivial differences in total forces between conditions, under the varied condition, participants produced a steeper decrease in forces, suggesting that off-task uncertainty impacted their effort allocation strategy. We speculate that this pattern can be attributed to cognitive overload and/or changes in motivation stemming from the imposed uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Emanuel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Idan Haklay
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Har-Nir
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Israel Halperin
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nira Liberman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; International Faculty, Key Profile Area II: Behavioral Economic Engineering and Social Cognition, University of Cologne, Germany
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Kern G, Kempter M, Picht T, Engelhardt M. Mapping of the supplementary motor area using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1255209. [PMID: 37859763 PMCID: PMC10582562 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1255209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The supplementary motor area (SMA) is important for motor and language function. Damage to the SMA may harm these functions, yet tools for a preoperative assessment of the area are still sparse. Objective The aim of this study was to validate a mapping protocol using repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rnTMS) and extend this protocol for both hemispheres and lower extremities. Methods To this purpose, the SMA of both hemispheres were mapped based on a finger tapping task for 30 healthy subjects (35.97 ± 15.11, range 21-67 years; 14 females) using rnTMS at 20 Hz (120% resting motor threshold (RMT)) while controlling for primary motor cortex activation. Points with induced errors were marked on the corresponding MRI. Next, on the identified SMA hotspot a bimanual finger tapping task and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) were performed. Further, the lower extremity was mapped at 20 Hz (140%RMT) using a toe tapping task. Results Mean finger tapping scores decreased significantly during stimulation (25.70taps) compared to baseline (30.48; p < 0.01). Bimanual finger tapping led to a significant increase in taps during stimulation (28.43taps) compared to unimanual tapping (p < 0.01). Compared to baseline, completion time for the NHPT increased significantly during stimulation (baseline: 13.6 s, stimulation: 16.4 s; p < 0.01). No differences between hemispheres were observed. Conclusion The current study validated and extended a rnTMS based protocol for the mapping of the SMA regarding motor function of upper and lower extremity. This protocol could be beneficial to better understand functional SMA organisation and improve preoperative planning in patients with SMA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Kern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Kempter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity, Image Space Material, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melina Engelhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Guida P, Foffani G, Obeso I. The Supplementary Motor Area and Automatic Cognitive Control: Lack of Evidence from Two Neuromodulation Techniques. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:439-451. [PMID: 36603037 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The SMA is fundamental in planning voluntary movements and execution of some cognitive control operations. Specifically, the SMA has been known to play a dominant role in controlling goal-directed actions as well as those that are highly predicted (i.e., automatic). Yet, the essential contribution of SMA in goal-directed or automatic control of behavior is scarce. Our objective was to test the possible direct role of SMA in automatic and voluntary response inhibition. We separately applied two noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) inhibitory techniques over SMA: either continuous theta-burst stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial static magnetic field stimulation. Each NIBS technique was performed in a randomized, crossover, sham-controlled design. Before applying NIBS, participants practiced a go/no-go learning task where associations between stimulus and stopping behaviors were created (initiation and inhibition). After applying each NIBS, participants performed a go/no-go task with reversed associations (automatic control) and the stop signal task (voluntary control). Learning associations between stimuli and response initiation/inhibition was achieved by participants and therefore automatized during training. However, no significant differences between real and sham NIBS were found in either automatic (go/no-go learning task) or voluntary inhibition (stop signal task), with Bayesian statistics providing moderate evidence of absence. In conclusion, our results are compatible with a nondirect involvement of SMA in automatic control of behavior. Further studies are needed to prove a noncausal link between prior neuroimaging findings relative to SMA controlling functions and the observed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Guida
- Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Autonoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guglielmo Foffani
- Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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Fu X, Quan W, Liu L, Li T, Dong W, Wang J, Tian J, Yan J, Liao J. Similarities and Differences in Brain Activation Between Patients With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853428. [PMID: 35558422 PMCID: PMC9086627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share several epidemiological and clinical features, but the neurobiological substrates shared by these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in brain function between them using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Eventually, 130 SZ patients, 70 OCD and 75 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. A 52-channel NIRS instrument was used to detect the concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) during the verbal fluency task. Ten regions of interests (ROIs) were defined: the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), frontopolar cortex (FPC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior prefrontal gyrus (IFG) and temporal gyrus (TG). Through two different analysis strategies based on channels or ROIs, we compared the [oxy-Hb] changes in three groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. Across 52 channels, compared to the NC group, both SZ and OCD groups exhibited reduced activity in 17 channels, including left FPC, left DLPFC, bilateral OFC, IFG, middle TG, supplementary motor cortex and Broca's area, while SZ showed lower activity in channel 35 (right OFC) than OCD patients. Across all ROIs, compared to the NC group, both SZ and OCD groups showed reduced activity in 7 ROIs, including left FPC, bilateral OFC, IFG and TG, while SZ showed lower activity in the right OFC than OCD group, which were almost consistent with the results based on channels. This study suggests SZ and OCD present with some similar neuropathological changes, while SZ shows more severe impairment in the right OFC than OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jinmin Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Rurak BK, Rodrigues JP, Power BD, Drummond PD, Vallence AM. Test Re-test Reliability of Dual-site TMS Measures of SMA-M1 Connectivity Differs Across Inter-stimulus Intervals in Younger and Older Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 472:11-24. [PMID: 34333064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool to measure supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) connectivity in younger and older adults, and could be used to understand the pathophysiology of movement disorders. However, test re-test reliability of dual-site TMS measures of SMA-M1 connectivity has not been established. We examined the reliability of SMA-M1 connectivity using dual-site TMS in two sessions in 30 younger and 30 older adults. For dual-site TMS, a conditioning pulse delivered to SMA (140% of active motor threshold) preceded a test pulse delivered to M1 (intensity that elicited MEPs of ~1 mV) by inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 6 ms, 7 ms, and 8 ms. Moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in younger (ICC: 0.69) and older adults (ICC: 0.68). Poor ICCs were found for SMA-M1 connectivity at ISIs of 6 ms and 8 ms in both age groups (ICC range: 0.01-0.40). We report evidence for stable measures of SMA-M1 connectivity at an ISI of 7 ms in both age groups. These findings are foundational for future research developing evidence-based interventions to strengthen SMA-M1 connectivity to improve bilateral motor control in older adults and populations with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rurak
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
| | | | - B D Power
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine Fremantle, University of Notre Dame, Australia
| | - P D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - A M Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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