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Yang X, Li W, Han X, Wang J, Dai J, Ye X, Meng M. Apatinib weakens proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of thyroid cancer cells through downregulating pyruvate kinase M2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:879. [PMID: 38195651 PMCID: PMC10776835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most frequent malignancy of the endocrine system. Apatinib, as an anti-angiogenic agent, has been applied in the therapy of several cancers. However, the function and mechanism of Apatinib in TC have not been clearly elucidated. After processing with Apatinib alone or combined PKM2 overexpression plasmids, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by EdU staining, CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell. Meanwhile. HUVECs were incubated with the conditioned medium prepared from cell culture medium, and tube formation and VEGFR2 expression in HUVECs were examined using tube formation and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Besides, we established a nude mouse xenograft model by lentivirus-mediated PKM2 shRNAs, and tested the growth of tumors; the pathological structure was analyzed with H&E staining. And the expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, PKM2, VEGFA, VEGFR2, and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Apatinib could prominently suppress proliferation, migration, invasion, and HUVEC tube formation in SW579 and TPC-1 cells. Besides, we discovered that Apatinib had a significant inhibitory role on the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in TC cells. And PKM2 overexpression also could notably reverse Apatinib-mediated inhibition of TC progression. Moreover, PKM2 shRNAs were applied to TC xenografts, resulting in significant reduction in tumor volume and suppression of angiogenesis-related protein expression. In summary, Apatinib has a regulatory role in TC progression, and Apatinib can block cancer cell angiogenesis by downregulating PKM2. This will provide a theoretical basis for therapy of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjian Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Sproull M, Wilson E, Miller R, Camphausen K. The Future of Radioactive Medicine. Radiat Res 2023; 200:80-91. [PMID: 37141143 PMCID: PMC10466314 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of X rays in the late 19th century heralded the beginning of a new age in medicine, and the advent of channeling the power of radiation to diagnose and treat human disease. Radiation has been leveraged in medicine in a multitude of ways and is a critical element of cancer care including screening, diagnosis, surveillance, and interventional treatments. Modern radiotherapy techniques include a multitude of methodologies utilizing both externally and internally delivered radiation from a variety of approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary radiotherapy methodologies, the field of radiopharmaceuticals and theranostics, effects of low dose radiation and highlights the phenomena of fear of exposure to radiation and its impact in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - E. Wilson
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R.W. Miller
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - K. Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Manners N, Priya V, Mehata AK, Rawat M, Mohan S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Meraya AM, Muthu MS. Theranostic Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Related Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040441. [PMID: 35455438 PMCID: PMC9029632 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and related diseases (CVRDs) are among the most prevalent chronic diseases in the 21st century, with a high mortality rate. This review summarizes the various nanomedicines for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CVRDs, including nanomedicine for angina pectoris, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pericardial disorder, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and stroke. Theranostic nanomedicines can prolong systemic circulation, escape from the host defense system, and deliver theranostic agents to the targeted site for imaging and therapy at a cellular and molecular level. Presently, discrete non-invasive and non-surgical theranostic methodologies are such an advancement modality capable of targeted diagnosis and therapy and have better efficacy with fewer side effects than conventional medicine. Additionally, we have presented the recent updates on nanomedicine in clinical trials, targeted nanomedicine and its translational challenges for CVRDs. Theranostic nanomedicine acts as a bridge towards CVRDs amelioration and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Manners
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Vishnu Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Manoj Rawat
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Madaswamy S. Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-923-519-5928; Fax: +91-542-236-8428
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