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Ito S, Tasaka Y, Nakamura K, Fujiwara Y, Hirata K, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Electron Affinities of Ligated Icosahedral M 13 Superatoms Revisited by Gas-Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5049-5055. [PMID: 35652790 PMCID: PMC9190706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electron binding energies of the ligand-protected gold/silver-based cluster anions, [Au25(SR)18]-, [XAg24(SR')18]2- (X = Ag+, Au+, Pd0, or Pt0), and [PdAu24(C≡CR″)18]2- having icosahedral M13 superatomic cores, were reexamined by gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on a significantly intensified mass-selected ion beam. Laser fluence-dependent PE spectra and pump-probe PES revealed that the previous PE spectra were contaminated by PE signals due to the two-photon electron detachment via long-lived photoexcited states. Although the adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) of the corresponding oxidized forms were found to be 1-2 eV larger than those previously reported, the effects of doping and ligation were not qualitatively affected. (1) The AEA of the Ag13 superatom (∼4 eV) was not appreciably affected by doping a Au atom at the center but was reduced by ∼2 eV by doping Pd or Pt, and (2) the AEA of PdAu12 protected by Au2(C≡CR″)3 units was much larger than that of PdAg12 protected by Ag2(SR')3 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsunosuke Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirata
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1
4259 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Tokyo
Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation
Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Koop A, Gantefoer G, Kim YD. Long-lived excited states in metal clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21335-21339. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived excited states may exist only in metal clusters with a weak coupling between the electronic and geometric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koop
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Gerd Gantefoer
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Young Dok Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- South Korea
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3
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Gu T, Zhang H, Luo Y, Cao W. First-Principles Investigations of Chirality in Trimetallic Alloy Clusters: AlMnAun (n = 1–7). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3458-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511575y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Teng Gu
- Department
of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Advanced Materials
Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youhua Luo
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department
of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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Zhang M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Li Y, Luo Y. Low-energy isomer identification, structural evolution, and magnetic properties in manganese-doped gold clusters MnAu(n) (n = 1-16). J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1493-502. [PMID: 22225504 DOI: 10.1021/jp2094406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size-dependent electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped gold clusters have been systematically investigated by using relativistic all-electron density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. A number of new isomers are obtained for neutral MnAu(n) (n = 1-16) clusters to probe the structural evolution. The two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) transition occurs in the size range n = 7-10 with manifest structure competitions. From size n = 13 to n = 16, the MnAu(n) prefers a gold cage structure with Mn atom locating at the center. The relative stabilities of the ground-state MnAu(n) clusters show a pronounced odd-even oscillation with the number of Au atoms. The magnetic moments of MnAu(n) clusters vary from 3 μ(B) to 6 μ(B) with the different cluster size, suggesting that nonmagnetic Au(n) clusters can serve as a flexible host to tailor the dopant's magnetism, which has potential applications in new nanomaterials with tunable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Støchkel K, Wyer JA, Kirketerp MBS, Brøndsted Nielsen S. Laser pump-probe experiments on microsecond to millisecond timescales at an electrostatic ion storage ring: triplet-triplet absorption by protoporphyrin-IX anions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1884-1888. [PMID: 20696594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that pump-probe experiments can be carried out on microsecond to millisecond timescales using an electrostatic ion storage ring. As a test case, we have chosen protoporhyrin IX anions that have lifetimes with respect to dissociation after photoexcitation on this time scale. Ions were photoexcited on one side of the ring with either 430- or 535-nm light (pump) and then allowed to take a certain number of revolutions before they were photoexcited by a second laser pulse (probe) with wavelengths between 650 and 950 nm. If ions were first excited by the pump, an increased yield of neutral products caused by the absorption of red light was measured in a microchannel plate detector located on the other side of the ring. This implies that it is possible to pick out ions that were photoexcited by the pump pulse and to spectroscopically characterize these ions. We report absorption spectra of 535 nm photoexcited porphyrin anions, with time delays of 0.19 and 0.57 ms between the pump and probe pulses, and find that absorption occurs over a broad region in the red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Støchkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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9
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Koyasu K, Niemietz M, Götz M, Ganteför G. Time-resolved study of the photodissociation of Au2O−. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verlet JRR. Femtosecond spectroscopy of cluster anions: insights into condensed-phase phenomena from the gas-phase. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:505-17. [PMID: 18224260 DOI: 10.1039/b700528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopy allows chemical and physical processes to be observed on time-scales faster than the nuclear motion within molecules. This tutorial review explores how such experiments, and specifically time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on gas-phase cluster anions, provide a molecular-level understanding of the processes that are normally associated with condensed-phase dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
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Ehrler OT, Yang JP, Sugiharto AB, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Excited state dynamics of metastable phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetra-anions probed by pump/probe photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:184301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2780842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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12
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Hong-Yan W, Xi-Bo L, Yong-Jian T, King RB, Schaefer HF. Structures and electronic properties of Au
n
-1
Cu and Au
n
(
n
⩽ 9) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/16/6/029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Binding of gold and silver clusters with amino acids (glycine and cysteine) was studied using density functional theory (DFT). Geometries of neutral, anionic, and cationic amino acids with Au3 and Ag3 clusters were optimized using the DFT-B3LYP approach. The mixed basis set used here was denoted by 6-31+G** (union or logical sum)LANL2DZ. This work demonstrated that the interaction of amino acids with gold and silver clusters is governed by two major bonding factors: (a) the anchoring N-Au(Ag), O-Au(Ag), and S-Au(Ag) bonds and (b) the nonconventional N-H...Au(Ag) and O-H...Au(Ag) hydrogen bonds. Among the three forms of amino acids, anionic ones exhibited the most tendency to interact with the Au and Ag clusters. Natural bond orbital analysis was performed to calculate charge transfer, natural population analysis, and Wiberg bond indices of the complexes. Atoms-in-molecules theory was also applied to determine the nature of interactions. It was shown that these bonds are partially electrostatic and partially covalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Pakiari
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran.
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Niemietz M, Koyasu K, Ganteför G, Kim YD. Dynamics of O2 photodesorption from metal clusters: A significant difference from bulk behaviour. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Li XB, Wang HY, Yang XD, Zhu ZH, Tang YJ. Size dependence of the structures and energetic and electronic properties of gold clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084505. [PMID: 17343456 DOI: 10.1063/1.2434779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures and stabilities of gold clusters with up to 14 atoms have been determined by density-functional theory. The structure optimizations and frequency analysis are performed with the Perdew-Wang 1991 gradient-corrected functional combined with the effective core potential and corresponding valence basis set (LANL2DZ). The turnover point from two-dimensional to three-dimensional geometry for gold clusters occurs at Au12. The energetic and electronic properties of the small gold clusters are strongly dependent on sizes and structures, which are in good agreement with experiment and other theoretical calculations. The even-odd oscillation in cluster stability and electronic properties predicted that the clusters with even numbers of atoms were more stable than the neighboring clusters with odd numbers of atoms. The stability and electronic structure properties of gold clusters are also characterized by the maximum hardness principle of chemical reactivity and minimum polarizability principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Bo Li
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study gold clusters of up to 55 atoms. Between the linear and zigzag monoatomic Au nanowires, the zigzag nanowires were found to be more stable. Furthermore, the linear Au nanowires of up to 2 nm are formed by slightly stretched Au dimers. These suggest that a substantial Peierls distortion exists in those structures. Planar geometries of Au clusters were found to be the global minima till the cluster size of 13. A quantitative correlation is provided between various properties of Au clusters and the structure and size. The relative stability of selected clusters was also estimated by the Sutton-Chen potential, and the result disagrees with that obtained from the DFT calculations. This suggests that a modification of the Sutton-Chen potential has to be made, such as obtaining new parameters, in order to use it to search the global minima for bigger Au clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.
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17
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Olson RM, Varganov S, Gordon MS, Metiu H, Chretien S, Piecuch P, Kowalski K, Kucharski SA, Musial M. Where Does the Planar-to-Nonplanar Turnover Occur in Small Gold Clusters? J Am Chem Soc 2004; 127:1049-52. [PMID: 15656643 DOI: 10.1021/ja040197l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several levels of theory, including both Gaussian-based and plane wave density functional theory (DFT), second-order perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled cluster methods (CCSD(T)), are employed to study Au6 and Au8 clusters. All methods predict that the lowest energy isomer of Au6 is planar. For Au8, both DFT methods predict that the two lowest isomers are planar. In contrast, both MP2 and CCSD(T) predict the lowest Au8 isomers to be nonplanar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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18
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Verlet JRR, Bragg AE, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Time-resolved relaxation dynamics of Hgn− (11⩽n⩽16,n=18) clusters following intraband excitation at 1.5 eV. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10015-25. [PMID: 15549877 DOI: 10.1063/1.1809573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-nuclear relaxation dynamics are studied in Hg(n) (-) (11 <or= n <or= 16,n = 18) using time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The excess electron in the anion uniquely occupies the p band and is excited intraband by 1.53 eV pump photons; the subsequent dynamics are monitored by photodetachment at 3.06 eV and measurement of the photoelectron images as a function of pump-probe delay. The initially excited state decays on a time scale of approximately 10 ps, and subsequent relaxation dynamics reveal a smooth evolution of the photoelectron spectra towards lower electron kinetic energy over 50-100 ps. Qualitatively, the relaxation process is captured by a simple kinetic model assuming a series of radiationless transitions within a dense manifold of electronic states. All the clusters studied show similar dynamics with the exception of Hg(11) (-) in which the initially prepared state does not decay as quickly as the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada.
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Bauer C, Abid JP, Fermin D, Girault HH. Ultrafast chemical interface scattering as an additional decay channel for nascent nonthermal electrons in small metal nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9302-15. [PMID: 15267867 DOI: 10.1063/1.1710856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 4.2 nm gold nanoparticles wrapped in an adsorbates shell and embedded in a TiO2 metal oxide matrix gives the opportunity to investigate ultrafast electron-electron scattering dynamics in combination with electronic surface phenomena via the surface plasmon lifetimes. These gold nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a large nonclassical broadening of the surface plasmon band, which is attributed to a chemical interface damping. The acceleration of the loss of surface plasmon phase coherence indicates that the energy and the momentum of the collective electrons can be dissipated into electronic affinity levels of adsorbates. As a result of the preparation process, gold NPs are wrapped in a shell of sulfate compounds that gives rise to a large density of interfacial molecules confined between Au and TiO2, as revealed by Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the transient absorption spectra obtained by broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy allows separating electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction. Internal thermalization times (electron-electron scattering) are determined by probing the decay of nascent nonthermal electrons (NNEs) and the build-up of the Fermi-Dirac electron distribution, giving time constants of 540 to 760 fs at 0.42 and 0.34 eV from the Fermi level, respectively. Comparison with literature data reveals that lifetimes of NNEs measured for these small gold NPs are more than four times longer than for silver NPs with similar sizes. The surprisingly long internal thermalization time is attributed to an additional decay mechanism (besides the classical e-e scattering) for the energy loss of NNEs, identified as the ultrafast chemical interface scattering process. NNEs experience an inelastic resonant scattering process into unoccupied electronic states of adsorbates, that directly act as an efficient heat bath, via the excitation of molecular vibrational modes. The two-temperature model is no longer valid for this system because of (i) the temporal overlap between the internal and external thermalization process is very important; (ii) a part of the photonic energy is directly transferred toward the adsorbates (not among "cold" conduction band electrons). These findings have important consequence for femtochemistry on metal surfaces since they show that reactions can be initiated by nascent nonthermal electrons (as photoexcited, out of a Fermi-Dirac distribution) besides of the hot electron gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bauer
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
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