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Ryu JJ, Jeon K, Yeo S, Lee G, Kim C, Kim GH. Fully "Erase-free" Multi-Bit Operation in HfO 2-Based Resistive Switching Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8234-8241. [PMID: 30706706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fully "Erase-free" multi-bit operation was demonstrated in a W/HfO2/TiN-stacked resistive switching device. The term Erase-free means that a digital state in a multi-bit operation can be achieved without initializing the device resistance state when the device moves to another digital state. Because initializing the resistance state of a resistive switching device causes high energy consumption, omitting this sequence can achieve energy efficient multi-bit operation during rewriting of the resistance state of the device. Experimentally, an operational energy savings of up to 75% was confirmed. For stable and reliable Erase-free operation, several prerequisites are required, such as gradual resistance change with electric pulse stimuli during both writing and erasing, predictable operational voltages for certain resistance states, and high reliability of resistive switching. These prerequisites could be achieved by adopting a W top electrode in a W/HfO2/TiN-stacked resistive switching device. These results can pave the way to future nonvolatile memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Ryu
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyeok Jeon
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Yeo
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhee Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Hwan Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
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Kumar CA, Saha A, Raghavachari K. Bond Activation and Hydrogen Evolution from Water through Reactions with M 3S 4 (M = Mo, W) and W 3S 3 Anionic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1760-1767. [PMID: 28212031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being investigated with increased frequency because of their ability to efficiently catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction. We have studied the trimetallic TMS cluster ions, Mo3S4-, W3S4-, and W3S3-, and probed their efficiency for bond activation and hydrogen evolution from water. These clusters have geometries that are related to the edge sites on bulk MoS2 surfaces that are known to play a role in hydrogen evolution. Using density functional theory, the electronic structures of these clusters and their chemical reactivity with water have been investigated. The reaction mechanism involves the initial formation of hydroxyl and thiol groups, hydrogen migration to form an intermediate with a metal hydride bond, and finally, combination of a hydride and a proton to eliminate H2. Using this mechanism, free energy profiles of the reactions of the three metal clusters with water have been constructed. Unlike previous reactivity studies of other related cluster systems, there is no overall energy barrier in the reactions involving the M3S4 systems. The energy required for the rate-determining step of the reaction (the initial addition of the cluster by water) is lower than the separated reactants (-0.8 kcal/mol for Mo and -5.1 kcal/mol for W). They confirm the M3S4- cluster's ability to efficiently activate the chemical bonds in water to release H2. Though the W3S3- cluster is not as efficient at bond activation, it provides insights into the factors that contribute to the success of the M3S4 anionic systems in hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine A Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Adhikari D, Raghavachari K. Hydroxyl migration in heterotrimetallic clusters: an assessment of fluxionality pathways. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11047-55. [PMID: 25345598 DOI: 10.1021/jp5080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water splitting at the unsaturated metal center and subsequent hydroxyl migration are key steps toward successful H2 liberation from cheap and abundant water using transition metal cluster anions. In this report we initiate a theoretical study (DFT) to assess the efficacy of heterometallic cores instead of the widely studied and well established homometallic cores. To accomplish this goal, one tungsten center in W3O6(-) core has been replaced by different transition metals such as titanium, technetium, and osmium. Introduction of the heterometal makes the core asymmetric and electronically anisotropic. To evaluate the efficiency of these heterometallic cores, fluxionality pathways for hydroxyl migration have been studied in detail. We show that the cores W2TcO6(-) (2) and W2OsO6(-) (3) can exhibit fluxionality for hydroxyl migration and thus can potentially facilitate H2 liberation from H2O. Notably, a new class of low-energy structures generated upon oxide bridge opening process and subsequent structural rearrangement facilitates the hydroxyl migration event. To illustrate the heterometallic effect further, we show that previously inaccessible energy barriers for hydroxyl migration in a homometallic trimolybdenum core become energetically achievable when one of the metals is replaced by a 5d element osmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Saha A, Raghavachari K. Hydrogen evolution from water through metal sulfide reactions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:204301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4830096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ramabhadran RO, Mann JE, Waller SE, Rothgeb DW, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. New Insights on Photocatalytic H2 Liberation from Water Using Transition-Metal Oxides: Lessons from Cluster Models of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17039-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4076309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David W. Rothgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline C. Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Chen WJ, Zhang CF, Zhang XH, Zhang YF, Huang X. Computational study on the molecular structures and photoelectron spectra of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 109:125-132. [PMID: 23523755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations are carried out to investigate the electronic and structural properties of a series of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP level yield singlet and doublet ground states for the bimetallic anionic and neutral clusters, respectively. All the clusters present the six-membered ring structures with different symmetries, except that the TaW2O9(-) cluster shows a chained style with a penta-coordinated tantalum atom. Spin density analyses reveal oxygen radical species in all neutral clusters, consistent with their structural characteristics. Moreover, additional calculations are performed to study the oxidation reaction of CO molecule with the W3O9(+) cation and the isoelectronic VW2O9 cluster, and results indicate that the introduction of vanadium at tungsten site can efficiently improve the oxidation reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
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Lin SJ, Zhang XH, Xu L, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Probing the electronic properties of W3O(x)(-/0) (x = 0-2) and W3(2-) clusters: the aromaticity of W3 and W3(2-). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3093-9. [PMID: 23496349 DOI: 10.1021/jp400673s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of bare tritungsten clusters (W3, W3(-), W3(2-)) and tritungsten oxide clusters W3Ox(-/0) (x = 1, 2). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) for W3Ox(-) (x = 0-2) clusters. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest energy structures for both the anions and the neutrals. The bare tritungsten clusters are predicted to be triangular structures with D3h ((3)A1'), C2v ((2)A1) and D3h ((1)A1') symmetry for W3, W3(-) and W3(2-), respectively. For W3O(-) and W3O clusters, the oxygen atom occupies the terminal site, while the next added oxygen atom is found to be a bridging one in both W3O2(-) and W3O2 clusters. Molecular orbital analyses are carried out to elucidate the chemical bonding of these clusters and provide insights into the sequential oxidation from W3(-) to W3O2(-). Partial σ- and δ-aromaticity are revealed in the neutral W3 (D3h, (3)A1'), while the anion W3(2-) (D3h, (1)A1') possesses only δ-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
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Wu L, Zhang C, Krasnokutski SA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization and structural isomers of M3O4 (M = Sc, Y, and La). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4747530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li S, Dixon DA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization of an excited state of lanthanum dioxide. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4734312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rothgeb DW, Mann JE, Waller SE, Jarrold CC. Structures of trimetallic molybdenum and tungsten suboxide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3635408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mayhall NJ, Becher EL, Chowdhury A, Raghavachari K. Molybdenum oxides versus molybdenum sulfides: geometric and electronic structures of Mo₃X(y)⁻ (X = O, S and y = 6, 9) clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2291-6. [PMID: 21366356 DOI: 10.1021/jp108344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have conducted a comparative computational investigation of the molecular structure and water adsorption properties of molybdenum oxide and sulfide clusters using density functional theory methods. We have found that while Mo₃O₆⁻ and Mo₃S₆⁻ assume very similar ring-type isomers, Mo₃O₉⁻ and Mo₃S₉⁻ clusters are very different with Mo₃O₉⁻ having a ring-type structure and Mo₃S₉⁻ having a more open, linear-type geometry. The more rigid ∠(Mo-S-Mo) bond angle is the primary geometric property responsible for producing such different lowest energy isomers. By computing molecular complexation energies, it is observed that water is found to adsorb more strongly to Mo₃O₆⁻ than to Mo₃S₆⁻, due to a stronger oxide-water hydrogen bond, although dispersion effects reduce this difference when molybdenum centers contribute to the binding. Investigating the energetics of dissociative water addition to Mo₃X₆⁻ clusters, we find that, while the oxide cluster shows kinetic site-selectivity (bridging position vs terminal position), the sulfide cluster exhibits thermodynamic site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mayhall
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Wang B, Chen WJ, Zhao BC, Zhang YF, Huang X. Tetratungsten oxide clusters W4O(n)(-/0) (n = 10-13): structural evolution and chemical bonding. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:1964-72. [PMID: 20043690 DOI: 10.1021/jp909676s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to investigate the electronic and structural properties of a series of tetratungsten oxide clusters, W(4)O(n)(-/0) (n = 10-13). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). A large energy gap (approximately 2.9 eV) is observed for the stoichiometric W(4)O(12) cluster, which reaches the bulk value. The calculations suggest that W(4)O(12)(-/0) have the planar eight-membered ring structures, in which each tungsten atom is tetrahedrally coordinated with two bridging O atoms and two terminal O atoms. W(4)O(10)(-/0) and W(4)O(11)(-) can be viewed as removing two and one terminal O atoms from W(4)O(12)(-/0), respectively. The W(4)O(11) neutral is an interesting species, which possesses the pentabridged structure. We show that W(4)O(11)(-) contains a localized W(3+) site, which can readily react with O(2) to form the W(4)O(13)(-) cluster, whereas the corresponding neutral W(4)O(13) can be viewed as replacing a terminal oxygen in W(4)O(12) by a peroxo O(2) unit. Molecular orbital analyses are performed to analyze the chemical bonding in the tetratungsten oxide clusters and to elucidate their electronic and structural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
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Mayhall NJ, Rothgeb DW, Hossain E, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. Water reactivity with tungsten oxides: H2 production and kinetic traps. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:144302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3242294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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Mayhall NJ, Rothgeb DW, Hossain E, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Electronic structures of MoWOy− and MoWOy determined by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Johnson GE, Tyo EC, Castleman AW. Cluster reactivity experiments: employing mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular level details of catalytic oxidation reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18108-13. [PMID: 18687883 PMCID: PMC2587532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801539105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the most widely used tool in the study of the properties and reactivity of clusters in the gas phase. In this article, we demonstrate its use in investigating the molecular-level details of oxidation reactions occurring on the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts via cluster reactivity experiments. Guided ion beam mass spectrometry (GIB-MS) employing a quadrupole-octopole-quadrupole (Q-O-Q) configuration enables mass-selected cluster ions to be reacted with various chemicals, providing insight into the effect of size, stoichiometry, and ionic charge state on the reactivity of catalyst materials. For positively charged tungsten oxide clusters, it is shown that species having the same stoichiometry as the bulk, WO(3)(+), W(2)O(6)(+), and W(3)O(9)(+), exhibit enhanced activity and selectivity for the transfer of a single oxygen atom to propylene (C(3)H(6)), suggesting the formation of propylene oxide (C(3)H(6)O), an important monomer used, for example, in the industrial production of plastics. Furthermore, the same stoichiometric clusters are demonstrated to be active for the oxidation of CO to CO(2), a reaction of significance to environmental pollution abatement. The findings reported herein suggest that the enhanced oxidation reactivity of these stoichiometric clusters may be due to the presence of radical oxygen centers (W-O) with elongated metal-oxygen bonds. The unique insights gained into bulk-phase oxidation catalysis through the application of mass spectrometry to cluster reactivity experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eric C. Tyo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Wyrwas RB, Yoder BL, Maze JT, Jarrold CC. Reactivity of Small MoxOy- Clusters toward Methane and Ethane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2157-64. [PMID: 16466251 DOI: 10.1021/jp057195n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of Mo2Oy- suboxide clusters with both methane and ethane have been studied with a combination of mass spectrometry, anion photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Reactions were carried out under "gentle" and "violent" conditions. For methane, a number of products appeared under the gentler source conditions that were more logically attributed to dissociation of Mo2Oy- clusters upon reacting with methane to form MoCH2-, Mo(O)CH2-, and HMo(O2)CH3-. With ethane, products observed under the same gentle conditions were Mo(O)C2H2-, Mo(O)C2H4-, Mo(O2)C2H4-, and Mo(O2)(C2H5)2-. As expected, more products were observed when the reactions were carried out under violent conditions. The photoelectron spectra obtained for these species were compared to calculated adiabatic and vertical electron affinities and vibrational frequencies, leading to definitive structural assignments for several of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Wyrwas
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Yoder BL, Maze JT, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Structures of Mo2Oy− and Mo2Oy (y=2, 3, and 4) studied by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094313. [PMID: 15836134 DOI: 10.1063/1.1853379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The competitive structural isomers of the Mo(2)O(y) (-)Mo(2)O(y) (y=2, 3, and 4) clusters are investigated using a combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The PE spectrum and calculations for MoO(3) (-)MoO(3) are also presented to show the level of agreement to be expected between the spectra and calculations. For MoO(3) (-) and MoO(3), the calculations predict symmetric C(3v) structures, an adiabatic electron affinity of 3.34 eV, which is above the observed value 3.17(2) eV. However, there is good agreement between observed and calculated vibrational frequencies and band profiles. The PE spectra of Mo(2)O(2) (-) and Mo(2)O(3) (-) are broad and congested, with partially resolved vibrational structure on the lowest energy bands observed in the spectra. The electron affinities (EA(a)s) of the corresponding clusters are 2.24(2) and 2.33(7) eV, respectively. Based on the calculations, the most stable structure of Mo(2)O(2) (-) is Y shaped, with the two Mo atoms directly bonded. Assignment of the Mo(2)O(3) (-) spectrum is less definitive, but a O-Mo-O-Mo-O structure is more consistent with overall electronic structure observed in the spectrum. The PE spectrum of Mo(2)O(4) (-) shows cleanly resolved vibrational structure and electronic bands, and the EA of the corresponding Mo(2)O(4) is determined to be 2.13(4) eV. The structure most consistent with the observed spectrum has two oxygen bridge bonds between the Mo atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA
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Bonacić-Koutecký V, Mitrić R. Theoretical Exploration of Ultrafast Dynamics in Atomic Clusters: Analysis and Control. Chem Rev 2004; 105:11-66. [PMID: 15720151 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Bonacić-Koutecký
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Bertram N, Kim Y, Ganteför G, Sun Q, Jena P, Tamuliene J, Seifert G. Experimental and theoretical studies on inorganic magic clusters: M4X6 (M=W, Mo, X=O, S). Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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