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Qin R, Liu K, Wu Q, Zheng N. Surface Coordination Chemistry of Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11810-11899. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kunlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Krause M, Rötzer MD, Crampton AS, Huber M, Heiz U. Hydrogenation of small hydrocarbons on MgO supported Pd nanoparticles: The A-E-model expanded. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244304. [PMID: 31893869 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogenation of ethylene and acetylene was studied on a Pdn/MgO/Mo(100) model system containing palladium particles with a narrow size distribution around Pd26 (Pd20 to Pd35). Reactivity measurements were carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber under isothermal conditions in the presence of deuterium. The catalyst system can readily hydrogenate both of these small molecules, and for acetylene, an alternative reaction network exists, in which it is trimerized to benzene. Distinct deactivation behavior was found for the two molecules and ascribed to different adsorption sites formed and influenced by the carbonaceous overlayer formed during the course of the reaction. These findings extend the A-E-model by Borodziński and Gołȩbiowski to extremely small particles and low partial pressures and show that it is possible to study realistic catalytic sites under highly defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Krause
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung und Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marian D Rötzer
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung und Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andrew S Crampton
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung und Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Huber
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung und Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung und Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Aal SA. Adsorption of NO on Pd and Pd2 supported at the regular and defective CdO (0 0 1) surfaces: Density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safa A. Aal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Qassim University, PO Box 6666, Qassim, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, PO Box 13518, Benha, Egypt
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Schwarz H. Ménage-à-trois: single-atom catalysis, mass spectrometry, and computational chemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genuine, single-atom catalysis can be realized in the gas phase and probed by mass spectrometry combined with computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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Negreiros FR, Barcaro G, Sementa L, Fortunelli A. Concepts in theoretical heterogeneous ultrananocatalysis. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Effects of Ligands, Cluster Size, and Charge State in Gas-Phase Catalysis: A Happy Marriage of Experimental and Computational Studies. Catal Letters 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-012-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Theoretical Modelling of Oxide-Supported Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoalloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096357-0.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Chrétien S, Metiu H. O2 evolution on a clean partially reduced rutile TiO2(110) surface and on the same surface precovered with Au1 and Au2: the importance of spin conservation. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:074705. [PMID: 19044790 DOI: 10.1063/1.2956506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) to study O(2) evolution on a clean partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) surface (i.e., a surface having oxygen vacancies) and its interaction with Au(1) or Au(2) cluster adsorbed on it. We assume that the total spin of the electronic wave function is related to the number of unpaired spins (N(s)) and calculate the binding and the activation energies involved in O(2) evolution for fixed values of N(s). In addition to keeping N(s) constant, we assume that reactions in which the N(s) of the reactants differs from that of the products are very slow. The potential energy surfaces obtained in this way depend strongly on N(s). For example, O(2) dissociation at the vacancy site on a clean partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface is exothermic by 0.85 eV in the triplet state and the highest activation energy in the chain of reactions leading to the O(2) dissociation is 0.67 eV. In the singlet state, O(2) dissociation is endothermic by 0.11 eV and the activation energy leading to dissociation is 1.30 eV. These observations are in qualitative agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy experiment in which O(2) dissociation on a partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) surface is observed at temperature as low as 120 K. In contrast, O(2) dissociation is predicted to be endothermic and is prevented by an activation barrier larger than 1 eV in all the previous DFT calculations, in which the DFT program varies N(s) to get the lowest energy state. We find that on a partially reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) with Au(1) and Au(2) preadsorbed on its surface, O(2) dissociates at the vacancy site: One oxygen atom fills the oxygen vacancy and the other becomes available for oxidation chemistry. This means that Au(1) and Au(2) supported on a partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface is not an oxidation catalyst since the presence of oxygen turns it into a stoichiometric Au(n)/TiO(2)(110) surface. Finally, we find that the evolution of oxygen on Au(1) and Au(2) in the gas phase is very different from the evolution on the same clusters supported on the partially reduced TiO(2)(110) surface. For example, the molecular adsorption of O(2) is favored in the gas phase (except on Au(1) (-) and Au(2) (-) in the quartet state), while the dissociative adsorption is favored by more than 1 eV when Au(1) and Au(2) are supported on the partially reduced TiO(2)(110). Furthermore, the activation energies associated with O(2) dissociation in the gas phase (DeltaE(act)>2.4 eV) are reduced by at least a factor of 2 when the clusters are supported on TiO(2)(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Chrétien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Metiu H. Preface to Special Topic: A Survey of Some New Developments in Heterogeneous Catalysis. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:182501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2894545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Chrétien S, Metiu H. Density functional study of the interaction between small Au clusters, Aun (n=1–7) and the rutile TiO2 surface. II. Adsorption on a partially reduced surface. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:244708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2806802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Chrétien S, Metiu H. Density functional study of the interaction between small Au clusters, Aun (n=1–7) and the rutile TiO2 surface. I. Adsorption on the stoichiometric surface. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:084704. [PMID: 17764281 DOI: 10.1063/1.2770462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first paper in a series of four dealing with the adsorption site, electronic structure, and chemistry of small Au clusters, Au(n) (n=1-7), supported on stoichiometric, partially reduced, or partially hydroxylated rutile TiO(2)(110) surfaces. Analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the main contribution to the binding energy is the overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbitals of Au clusters and the Kohn-Sham orbitals localized on the bridging and the in-plane oxygen of the rutile TiO(2)(110) surface. The structure of adsorbed Au(n) differs from that in the gas phase mostly because the cluster wants to maximize this orbital overlap and to increase the number of Au-O bonds. For example, the equilibrium structures of Au(5) and Au(7) are planar in the gas phase, while the adsorbed Au(5) has a distorted two-dimensional structure and the adsorbed Au(7) is three-dimensional. The dissociation of an adsorbed cluster into two adsorbed fragments is endothermic, for all clusters, by at least 0.8 eV. This does not mean that the gas-phase clusters hitting the surface with kinetic energy greater than 0.8 eV will fragment. To place enough energy in the reaction coordinate for fragmentation, the impact kinetic energy needs to be substantially higher than 0.8 eV. We have also calculated the interaction energy between all pairs of Au clusters. These interactions are small except when a Au monomer is coadsorbed with a Au(n) with odd n. In this case the interaction energy is of the order of 0.7 eV and the two clusters interact through the support even when they are fairly far apart. This happens because the adsorption of a Au(n) cluster places electrons in the states of the bottom of the conduction band and these electrons help the Au monomer to bind to the five-coordinated Ti atoms on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Chrétien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Barcaro G, Aprà E, Fortunelli A. Structure of Ag Clusters Grown on Fs-Defect Sites of an MgO(1 0 0) Surface. Chemistry 2007; 13:6408-18. [PMID: 17497620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure of AgN clusters (N=1-4, 6, 8, 10), both in the gas phase and grown on the MgO(1 0 0) surface containing Fs-defects, has been investigated by a density functional basin-hopping (DF-BH) approach. In analogy with what observed in the case of gold clusters, it is found that the presence of the defect implies a double frustration and a cylindrical invariance of the metal-surface interaction, causing small Ag clusters growing around the Fs defect to be highly fluxional. Nevertheless, two different structural crossovers are found to be induced by the metal-defect interaction for the adsorbed clusters such that: 1) planar structures prevail for N<or=4 (as in the gas phase); 2) noncrystalline (fivefold symmetric) structures, which are the lowest energy ones in the gas phase for medium sized AgN clusters (N>or=7), prevail for N=6 and N=8; 3) distorted face-centered cubic (fcc) structures grown pseudomorphically on the defected surface prevail for N=10. The transition from fivefold to fcc motifs is rationalized in terms of the double-frustration effect, which increases the bond strain of the noncrystalline structures. Detrapping energies from the defect were also calculated; the lowest energy pathway corresponds to the detachment of a dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barcaro
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, IPCF-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Chrétien S, Metiu H. Density functional study of the charge on Aun clusters (n=1–7) supported on a partially reduced rutile TiO2(110): Are all clusters negatively charged? J Chem Phys 2007; 126:104701. [PMID: 17362075 DOI: 10.1063/1.2709886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that small gold clusters supported on an oxide surface and adsorbed at the site of an oxygen vacancy are negatively charged. It has been suggested that this negative charge helps a gold cluster adsorb oxygen and weakens the O-O bond to make oxidation reactions more efficient. Given the fact that an oxygen vacancy is electron rich and that Au is a very electronegative element, the assumption that the Au cluster will take electron density from the vacancy is plausible. However, the density functional calculations presented here show that the situation is more complicated. The authors have used the Bader method to examine the charge redistribution when a Aun cluster (n=1-7) binds next to or at an oxygen vacancy on rutile TiO2(110). For the lowest energy isomers they find that Au1 and Au3 are negatively charged, Au5 and Au7 are positively charged, and Au2, Au4, and Au6 exchange practically no charge. The behavior of the Aun isomers having the second-lowest energy is also unexpected. Au2, Au3, Au5, and Au7 are negatively charged upon adsorption and very little charge is transferred when Au4 and Au6 are adsorbed. These observations can be explained in terms of the overlap between the frontier molecular orbitals of the gold cluster and the eigenstates of the support. Aun with even n becomes negatively charged when the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital has a lobe pointing in the direction of the oxygen vacancy or towards a fivefold coordinated Ti (5c-Ti) located in the surface layer; otherwise it stays neutral. Aun with odd n becomes negatively charged when the singly occupied molecular orbital has a lobe pointing in the direction of a 5c-Ti located at the vacancy site or in the surface layer, otherwise it donates electron density into the conduction band of rutile TiO2(110) becoming positively charged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Chrétien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Schneider H, Boese AD, Weber JM. Unusual hydrogen bonding behavior in binary complexes of coinage metal anions with water. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:084307. [PMID: 16164291 DOI: 10.1063/1.2006092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the interaction of atomic coinage metal anions with water molecules by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of M-.H2O.Ar(n) clusters (M=Cu, Ag, Au; n=1, 2). We compare our observations with calculations on density-functional and coupled cluster levels of theory. The gold anion is bound to the water molecule by a single ionic hydrogen bond, similar to the halide-water complexes. In contrast, zero-point motion in the silver and copper complexes leads to a deviation from this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schneider
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Antonietti JM, Michalski M, Heiz U, Jones H, Lim KH, Rösch N, Vitto AD, Pacchioni G. Optical absorption spectrum of gold atoms deposited on SiO(2) from cavity ringdown spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:213402. [PMID: 16090321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.213402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of gold atoms supported on amorphous silica (alpha-SiO2) were studied experimentally and theoretically in the visible range. Samples were prepared in situ by depositing Au atoms at low coverages (5 x 10(12) cm(-2)) in UHV, and the optical absorption spectra were recorded by cavity ringdown spectroscopy. The atomic absorption bands can be attributed to gold atoms trapped at [triple bond] Si-O(.-) and [triple bond]Si-O(-) defect sites. The absence of optical transitions typical for Au(2) shows that the atoms are efficiently anchored at these defect sites, preventing diffusion and aggregation. Furthermore, these experimental results reveal that it is now possible to study optical properties of well-defined nanostructures at surface coverages as low as 5 x 10(11) cm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Antonietti
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 1, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Böhme DK, Schwarz H. Gasphasenkatalyse mit atomaren und Cluster-Metall-Ionen: ultimative “Single-Site”-Katalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Böhme DK, Schwarz H. Gas-Phase Catalysis by Atomic and Cluster Metal Ions: The Ultimate Single-Site Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2336-54. [PMID: 15779095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase experiments with state-of-the-art techniques of mass spectrometry provide detailed insights into numerous elementary processes. The focus of this Review is on elementary reactions of ions that achieve complete catalytic cycles under thermal conditions. The examples chosen cover aspects of catalysis pertinent to areas as diverse as atmospheric chemistry and surface chemistry. We describe how transfer of oxygen atoms, bond activation, and coupling of fragments can be mediated by atomic or cluster metal ions. In some cases truly unexpected analogies of the idealized gas-phase ion catalysis can be drawn with related chemical transformations in solution or the solid state, and so improve our understanding of the intrinsic operation of a practical catalyst at a strictly molecular level.
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