1
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McDowell BW, Taber BN, Mills JM, Gervasi CF, Honda M, Nazin GV. Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Electronic Structure by Grain Boundary Defects in RbI on Au(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:439-446. [PMID: 38189654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are known to be highly sensitive to environmental effects. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to investigate the electronic properties of SWCNTs deposited on RbI monolayer films grown on Au(111). We find that grain boundary defects in RbI monolayers cause the appearance of spatially confined localized states in the SWCNTs. Our density functional theory calculations show that grain boundary defects in RbI/Au(111) produce a stabilizing electrostatic potential caused by reduced coordination of iodine atoms at the RbI grain boundary. The presented results may offer insights into the performance of devices involving transport through SWCNTs subjected to external electrostatic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W McDowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Benjamen N Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Jon M Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Christian F Gervasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Motoaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - George V Nazin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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2
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Peyrot D, Silly F. Enhancing intramolecular features and identifying defects in organic and hybrid nanoarchitectures on a metal surface at room temperature using a NaCl-functionalized scanning tunneling microscopy tip. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy using an NaCl-functionalised tip is a powerful method to assess the morphology of two-dimensional nanoarchitectures and their local variations of electronic properties.
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3
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Wagner SR, Huang B, Park C, Feng J, Yoon M, Zhang P. Growth of Metal Phthalocyanine on Deactivated Semiconducting Surfaces Steered by Selective Orbital Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:096101. [PMID: 26371664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, we show that the molecular ordering and orientation of metal phthalocyanine molecules on the deactivated Si surface display a strong dependency on the central transition-metal ion, driven by the degree of orbital hybridization at the heterointerface via selective p-d orbital coupling. This Letter identifies a selective mechanism for modifying the molecule-substrate interaction which impacts the growth behavior of transition-metal-incorporated organic molecules on a technologically relevant substrate for silicon-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jiagui Feng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Mina Yoon
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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4
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Neff JL, Milde P, León CP, Kundrat MD, Eng LM, Jacob CR, Hoffmann-Vogel R. Epitaxial growth of pentacene on alkali halide surfaces studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3294-3301. [PMID: 24601525 DOI: 10.1021/nn404257v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field of molecular electronics, thin films of molecules adsorbed on insulating surfaces are used as the functional building blocks of electronic devices. Control of the structural and electronic properties of the thin films is required for reliably operating devices. Here, noncontact atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopies have been used to investigate the growth and electrostatic landscape of pentacene on KBr(001) and KCl(001) surfaces. We have found that, together with molecular islands of upright standing pentacene, a new phase of tilted molecules appears near step edges on KBr. Local contact potential differences (LCPD) have been studied with both Kelvin experiments and density functional theory calculations. Our images reveal that differently oriented molecules display different LCPD and that their value is independent of the number of molecular layers. These results point to the formation of an interface dipole, which may be explained by a partial charge transfer from the pentacene to the surface. Moreover, the monitoring of the evolution of the pentacene islands shows that they are strongly affected by dewetting: Multilayers build up at the expense of monolayers, and in the Kelvin images, previously unknown line defects appear, which reveal the epitaxial growth of pentacene crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Neff
- Physikalisches Institut and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sáfar GAM, Malachias A, Magalhães-Paniago R, Martins DCS, Idemori YM. Unravelling the molecular structure and packing of a planar molecule by combining nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20691-7. [PMID: 24192713 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the molecular structure of a porphyrin is achieved by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. Since macroscopic crystals cannot be obtained in this system, this combination of techniques is crucial to solve the molecular structure without the need for X-ray crystallography. For this purpose, previous knowledge of the flatness of the reagent molecules (a porphyrin and its functionalizing group, a naphthalimide) and the resulting molecular structure obtained by a force-field simulation are used. The exponents of the I-V curves obtained by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) allow us to check whether the thickness of the film of molecules is greater than a monolayer, even when there is no direct access to the exposed surface of the metal substrate. Photoluminescence (PL), optical absorption, infrared (IR) reflectance and solubility tests are used to confirm the results obtained here with this NMR/STM/STS combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A M Sáfar
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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6
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Ahmad Zebari AA, Kolmer M, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS. STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:927-32. [PMID: 24367762 PMCID: PMC3869338 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Islands composed of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules are grown on a hydrogen passivated Ge(001):H surface. The islands are studied with room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The spontaneous and tip-induced formation of the top-most layer of the island is presented. Assistance of the scanning probe seems to be one of the factors that facilitate and speed the process of formation of the top-most layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Ahmad Zebari
- Research Centre for Nanometer-scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Research Centre for Nanometer-scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub S Prauzner-Bechcicki
- Research Centre for Nanometer-scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Rahe P, Kittelmann M, Neff JL, Nimmrich M, Reichling M, Maass P, Kühnle A. Tuning molecular self-assembly on bulk insulator surfaces by anchoring of the organic building blocks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3948-3956. [PMID: 23907708 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly constitutes a versatile strategy for creating functional structures on surfaces. Tuning the subtle balance between intermolecular and molecule-surface interactions allows structure formation to be tailored at the single-molecule level. While metal surfaces usually exhibit interaction strengths in an energy range that favors molecular self-assembly, dielectric surfaces having low surface energies often lack sufficient interactions with adsorbed molecules. As a consequence, application-relevant, bulk insulating materials pose significant challenges when considering them as supporting substrates for molecular self-assembly. Here, the current status of molecular self-assembly on surfaces of wide-bandgap dielectric crystals, investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at room temperature, is reviewed. To address the major issues currently limiting the applicability of molecular self-assembly principles in the case of dielectric surfaces, a systematic discussion of general strategies is provided for anchoring organic molecules to bulk insulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rahe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 115 South 1400 East, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0830, USA.
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9
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Matthaei F, Heidorn S, Boom K, Bertram C, Safiei A, Henzl J, Morgenstern K. Coulomb attraction during the carpet growth mode of NaCl. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:354006. [PMID: 22899017 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/35/354006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The submonolayer growth of NaCl bilayer high-rectangular shaped islands on Ag(111) is investigated at around room temperature by using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The growth at the step edges is preferred. Two kinds of islands are observed. They either grow with their non-polar edge at the step edge of Ag(111) or the islands overgrow in a carpet-like mode with the polar direction parallel to the edge. In the latter case, the Ag step is rearranged and considerable, while the NaCl layer is bent. This study clarifies the nature of the interaction of an alkali halide nanostructure with a metal step edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Matthaei
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, IFKP-ATMOS, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Abteilung ATMOS, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Clair S, Ourdjini O, Abel M, Porte L. Two-dimensional polymer as a mask for surface nanopatterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1252-1254. [PMID: 22298291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
NaCl islands are used as a sacrificial layer to selectively deposit a boronic acid based two-dimensional polymer. The nanostructured polymer layer can be used as a negative mask to create Fe islands in a nanolithography mimicking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Marseille, France.
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11
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Yang H, Boudrioua O, Mayne AJ, Comtet G, Dujardin G, Kuk Y, Sonnet P, Stauffer L, Nagarajan S, Gourdon A. The paradox of an insulating contact between a chemisorbed molecule and a wide band gap semiconductor surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1700-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Otero R, Gallego JM, de Parga ALV, Martín N, Miranda R. Molecular self-assembly at solid surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5148-5176. [PMID: 21919082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly, the process by which objects initially distributed at random arrange into well-defined patterns exclusively due to their local mutual interactions without external intervention, is generally accepted to be the most promising method for large-scale fabrication of functional nanostructures. In particular, the ordering of molecular building-blocks deposited at solid surfaces is relevant for the performance of many organic electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) or photovoltaic solar cells. However, the fundamental knowledge on the nature and strength of the intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions that govern the ordering of molecular adsorbates is, in many cases, rather scarce. In most cases, the structure and morphology of the organic-metal interface is not known and it is just assumed to be the same as in the bulk, thereby implicitly neglecting the role of the surface on the assembly. However, this approximation is usually not correct, and the evidence gathered over the last decades points towards an active role of the surface in the assembly, leading to self-assembled structures that only in a few occasions can be understood by considering just intermolecular interactions in solid or gas phases. In this work we review several examples from our recent research demonstrating the apparently endless variety of ways in which the surface might affect the assembly of organic adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Otero
- Department de Física de la Materia Condensada and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avd. Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Abel M, Clair S, Ourdjini O, Mossoyan M, Porte L. Single Layer of Polymeric Fe-Phthalocyanine: An Organometallic Sheet on Metal and Thin Insulating Film. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:1203-5. [PMID: 21192107 DOI: 10.1021/ja108628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Abel
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, CNRS UMR 6242, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, CNRS UMR 6242, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Oualid Ourdjini
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, CNRS UMR 6242, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Mireille Mossoyan
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, CNRS UMR 6242, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Louis Porte
- Aix-Marseille Université, IM2NP, CNRS UMR 6242, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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14
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Buchner F, Kellner I, Hieringer W, Görling A, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Ordering aspects and intramolecular conformation of tetraphenylporphyrins on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13082-90. [PMID: 20820479 DOI: 10.1039/c004551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the self-assembly, intramolecular conformation and supramolecular ordering of different tetraphenylporphyrins (xTPP) with or without a central metal atom (x = 2H, Fe, Co) on Ag(111) at room temperature is presented. The investigation covers a wide range, i.e. the adsorption behaviour from the low sub-monolayer up to the multilayer regime is described in detail and conclusively discussed in regard to molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions. At monolayer coverage the molecules self-assemble in domains with a square unit cell caused by "T-type" intermolecular interactions, while the orientation of the domains along the symmetry axes is determined by adsorbate-substrate interactions. Interestingly for ordered monolayers domain boundaries always separate domains of different organizational chirality but same orientation of the square unit cell. This demonstrates that in the particular system chirality obviously restricts the long range order of the supramolecular TPP assemblies. In combination with DFT calculations it is also demonstrated that the previously reported intramolecular saddle shape deformation of TPPs upon adsorption is more pronounced for metallo-TPP than for 2HTPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Buchner
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Wang Y, Kröger J, Berndt R, Tang H. Molecular Nanocrystals on Ultrathin NaCl Films on Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12546-7. [PMID: 20731345 DOI: 10.1021/ja105110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and CNRS, CEMES, BP 94347, 29 rue J. Marvig, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and CNRS, CEMES, BP 94347, 29 rue J. Marvig, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and CNRS, CEMES, BP 94347, 29 rue J. Marvig, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Hao Tang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and CNRS, CEMES, BP 94347, 29 rue J. Marvig, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31055 Toulouse, France
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Villagomez CJ, Guillermet O, Goudeau S, Ample F, Xu H, Coudret C, Bouju X, Zambelli T, Gauthier S. Self-assembly of enantiopure domains: the case of indigo on Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2010; 132:074705. [PMID: 20170242 DOI: 10.1063/1.3314725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of indigo molecules on Cu(111) was investigated by low temperature (5 K) scanning tunneling microscopy from the isolated single molecule regime to one monolayer. Structural optimization and image calculations demonstrate that the molecules are in a physisorbed state. Because of the reduced symmetry at the surface, single molecules acquire a chiral character upon adsorption leading to a two-dimensional (2D) chirality. They adopt two adsorption configurations, related by a mirror symmetry of the substrate, each with a distinct molecular orientation. Consequently, the 2D chirality is expressed by the orientation of the molecule. For higher coverage, molecules self-assemble by hydrogen bonding in nearly homochiral molecular chains, whose orientation is determined by the orientation taken by the isolated molecules. When the coverage approaches one monolayer, these chains pack into domains. Finally, the completion of the monolayer induces the expulsion of the molecules of the wrong chirality that are still in these domains, leading to perfect resolution in enantiopure domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Villagomez
- The NanoSciences Group, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES) CNRS and University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, BP 94347, F-31005 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Bombis C, Ample F, Lafferentz L, Yu H, Hecht S, Joachim C, Grill L. Single Molecular Wires Connecting Metallic and Insulating Surface Areas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9966-70. [PMID: 19950152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bombis
- Experimental Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin and Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Bombis C, Ample F, Lafferentz L, Yu H, Hecht S, Joachim C, Grill L. Einzelne molekulare Drähte verbinden metallische und isolierende Oberflächenbereiche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bombis C, Kalashnyk N, Xu W, Laegsgaard E, Besenbacher F, Linderoth TR. Hydrogen-bonded molecular networks of melamine and cyanuric acid on thin films of NaCl on Au(111). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2177-2182. [PMID: 19517481 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of organized molecular structures on insulators is technologically very relevant, but in general rather challenging to achieve due to the comparatively weak molecule-substrate interactions. Here the self-assembly of a bimolecular hydrogen-bonded network formed by melamine (M) and cyanuric acid (CA) on ultrathin NaCl films grown on a Au(111) surface is reported. Using scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions it is demonstrated that it is possible to exploit strong intermolecular forces in the M-CA system, resulting from complementary triple hydrogen bonds, to grow 2D bimolecular networks on an ultrathin NaCl film that are stable at a relatively high temperature of approximately 160 K and at a coverage below saturation of the first molecular monolayer. These hydrogen-bonded structures on NaCl are identical to the self-assembled structures observed for the M-CA system on Au(111), which indicates that the molecular self-assembly is not significantly affected by the isolating NaCl substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bombis
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Elemans J, Lei S, De Feyter S. Molekulare und supramolekulare Netzwerke auf Oberflächen: vom zweidimensionalen Kristall-Engineering bis zur Reaktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Elemans J, Lei S, De Feyter S. Molecular and Supramolecular Networks on Surfaces: From Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering to Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7298-332. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Xiao J, Dowben PA. The role of the interface in the electronic structure of adsorbed metal(II) (Co, Ni, Cu) phthalocyanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b817115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun X, Felicissimo MP, Rudolf P, Silly F. NaCl multi-layer islands grown on Au(111)-([Formula: see text]) probed by scanning tunneling microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:495307. [PMID: 21730671 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth of multi-layer NaCl islands on Au(111)-([Formula: see text]) surfaces was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We observed that the aspect of the NaCl islands drastically differs depending on the tunneling conditions. It is therefore possible to observe the layers forming an NaCl island or to image the gold reconstruction below the first NaCl layer. Atomically resolved STM images obtained on the first NaCl layer demonstrate that NaCl grows as an epitaxial crystalline film on Au(111)-([Formula: see text]). STM images also suggest that some NaCl layers can be non-crystalline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Sun
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Glatzel T, Zimmerli L, Meyer E. Molecular Assemblies on Insulating Ultrathin Films Analyzed by NC-AFM and KPFM. Isr J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1560/ijc.48.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Naitabdi A, Toulemonde O, Bucher JP, Rosé J, Braunstein P, Welter R, Drillon M. Grafting and thermal stripping of organo-bimetallic clusters on AU surfaces: toward controlled CO/RU aggregates. Chemistry 2008; 14:2355-62. [PMID: 18205161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The controlled stoichiometry of heterometallic carbonyl clusters make them attractive precursors for the stabilization of bare metal alloy clusters for magnetic applications. The mixed-metal molecular cluster [RuCo3(H)(CO)12] has been functionalized with the phosphane-thiol ligand Ph2PCH2CH2SH to allow subsequent anchoring on a gold surface. The resulting tetrahedral cluster [RuCo3(H)(CO)11(Ph2PCH2CH2SH)] (1) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and the P-monodentate ligand is axially bound to a cobalt center and trans to the ruthenium cap. This synthesis also yielded the product of oxidative coupling, in which two SH groups were coupled intermolecularly to give a disulfide ligand that links two tetrahedral cluster units in [{RuCo3(H)(CO)11(Ph2PCH2CH2S)}2] (2). This cluster has also been characterized by X-ray diffractions studies. After deposition of 1 on a Au(111) surface by self-assembly, the carbonyl ligands were stripped off by thermal annealing in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) to form a metallic species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements performed as a function of the annealing temperature show that the cobalt and ruthenium centers converge towards metallic character and that the stoichiometry of the alloy is retained during the annealing process. Preliminary X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) synchrotron experiments indicate that clusters 1 and 2 behave similarly, which is consistent with the retention of their tetrahedral units on the gold surface after transformation of the thiol function or breaking of the disulfide bond to form Au--S bonds, respectively, has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Naitabdi
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg UMR 7504 CNRS Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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Bennewitz R. Structured surfaces of wide band gap insulators as templates for overgrowth of adsorbates. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:R417-R435. [PMID: 21690796 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/26/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface structures on wide band gap insulators and their use as templates for the growth of adsorbates are reviewed. Surface structures include evaporation structures, vicinal surfaces, facetted surfaces, epitaxial structures, or structures transferred to or induced by the growth of thin films. Most structures have been realized so far on Al(2)O(3) and on alkali halide crystals. The guided growth of adsorbates is discussed, considering the examples of metallic clusters or wires and ordered films of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bennewitz
- Physics Department, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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Alkauskas A, Ramoino L, Schintke S, von Arx M, Baratoff A, Güntherodt HJ, Jung TA. Energy Level Alignment at Metal−Octaethylporphyrin Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:23558-63. [PMID: 16375331 DOI: 10.1021/jp054325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the electronic structure of copper-octaethylporphyrin (CuEOP) adsorbed on three metal surfaces--Ag(001), Ag(111), and Cu(111)--by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The adsorption-induced work function shifts saturate roughly beyond two monolayers. The saturation values are substrate dependent, negative, and range from -1.30 to -0.85 eV. This shift is larger than that for tetraphenylporphyrins. The two highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and HOMO-1) of the organic are clearly resolved in the UPS spectra. The origin of the negative work function shift is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alkauskas
- NCCR Nanoscale Science, Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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