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Bartlett MA, Kazez AH, Schaefer HF, Allen WD. Riddles of the structure and vibrational dynamics of HO 3 resolved near the ab initio limit. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:094304. [PMID: 31492062 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydridotrioxygen (HO3) radical has been investigated in many previous theoretical and experimental studies over several decades, originally because of its possible relevance to the tropospheric HOx cycle but more recently because of its fascinating chemical bonding, geometric structure, and vibrational dynamics. We have executed new, comprehensive research on this vexing molecule via focal point analyses (FPA) to approach the ab initio limit of optimized geometric structures, relative energies, complete quartic force fields, and the entire reaction path for cis-trans isomerization. High-order coupled cluster theory was applied through the CCSDT(Q) and even CCSDTQ(P) levels, and CBS extrapolations were performed using cc-pVXZ (X = 2-6) basis sets. The cis isomer proves to be higher than trans by 0.52 kcal mol-1, but this energetic ordering is achieved only after the CCSDT(Q) milestone is reached; the barrier for cis → trans isomerization is a minute 0.27 kcal mol-1. The FPA central re(O-O) bond length of trans-HO3 is astonishingly long (1.670 Å), consistent with the semiexperimental re distance we extracted from microwave rotational constants of 10 isotopologues using FPA vibration-rotation interaction constants (αi). The D0(HO-O2) dissociation energy converges to a mere 2.80 ± 0.25 kcal mol-1. Contrary to expectation for such a weakly bound system, vibrational perturbation theory performs remarkably well with the FPA anharmonic force fields, even for the torsional fundamental near 130 cm-1. Exact numerical procedures are applied to the potential energy function for the torsional reaction path to obtain energy levels, tunneling rates, and radiative lifetimes. The cis → trans isomerization occurs via tunneling with an inherent half-life of 1.4 × 10-11 s and 8.6 × 10-10 s for HO3 and DO3, respectively, thus resolving the mystery of why the cis species has not been observed in previous experiments executed in dissipative environments that allow collisional cooling of the trans-HO3 product. In contrast, the pure ground eigenstate of the cis species in a vacuum is predicted to have a spontaneous radiative lifetime of about 1 h and 5 days for HO3 and DO3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Bartlett
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Arianna H Kazez
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Wesley D Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Stone D, Au K, Sime S, Medeiros DJ, Blitz M, Seakins PW, Decker Z, Sheps L. Unimolecular decomposition kinetics of the stabilised Criegee intermediates CH 2OO and CD 2OO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24940-24954. [PMID: 30238099 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decomposition kinetics of stabilised CH2OO and CD2OO Criegee intermediates have been investigated as a function of temperature (450-650 K) and pressure (2-350 Torr) using flash photolysis coupled with time-resolved cavity-enhanced broadband UV absorption spectroscopy. Decomposition of CD2OO was observed to be faster than CH2OO under equivalent conditions. Production of OH radicals following CH2OO decomposition was also monitored using flash photolysis with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), with results indicating direct production of OH in the v = 0 and v = 1 states in low yields. Master equation calculations performed using the Master Equation Solver for Multi-Energy well Reactions (MESMER) enabled fitting of the barriers for the decomposition of CH2OO and CD2OO to the experimental data. Parameterisations of the decomposition rate coefficients, calculated by MESMER, are provided for use in atmospheric models and implications of the results are discussed. For CH2OO, the MESMER fits require an increase in the calculated barrier height from 78.2 kJ mol-1 to 81.8 kJ mol-1 using a temperature-dependent exponential down model for collisional energy transfer with ΔEdown = 32.6(T/298 K)1.7 cm-1 in He. The low- and high-pressure limit rate coefficients are k1,0 = 3.2 × 10-4(T/298)-5.81exp(-12 770/T) cm3 s-1 and k1,∞ = 1.4 × 1013(T/298)0.06exp(-10 010/T) s-1, with median uncertainty of ∼12% over the range of experimental conditions used here. Extrapolation to atmospheric conditions yields k1(298 K, 760 Torr) = 1.1+1.5-1.1 × 10-3 s-1. For CD2OO, MESMER calculations result in ΔEdown = 39.6(T/298 K)1.3 cm-1 in He and a small decrease in the calculated barrier to decomposition from 81.0 kJ mol-1 to 80.1 kJ mol-1. The fitted rate coefficients for CD2OO are k2,0 = 5.2 × 10-5(T/298)-5.28exp(-11 610/T) cm3 s-1 and k2,∞ = 1.2 × 1013(T/298)0.06exp(-9800/T) s-1, with overall error of ∼6% over the present range of temperature and pressure. The extrapolated k2(298 K, 760 Torr) = 5.5+9.2-5.5 × 10-3 s-1. The master equation calculations for CH2OO indicate decomposition yields of 63.7% for H2 + CO2, 36.0% for H2O + CO and 0.3% for OH + HCO with no significant dependence on temperature between 400 and 1200 K or pressure between 1 and 3000 Torr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stone
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Kendrew Au
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Samantha Sime
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | - Mark Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Zachary Decker
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Leonid Sheps
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Exploring the features on the OH + SO 2 potential energy surface using theory and testing its accuracy by comparison to experimental data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8984-8990. [PMID: 29557461 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio theory has been used to identify the pre-reaction complex in the atmospherically important reaction between OH + SO2, (R1), where the binding energy of the pre-reaction complex was determined to be 7.2 kJ mol-1. Using reaction rate theory, implemented with the master equation package MESMER, the effects of this complex on the kinetics of R1 at temperatures above 250 K have been investigated. From simulations and fitting to the experimental kinetic data, it is clear that the influence of this pre-reaction complex is negligible and that the kinetics are controlled by the inner transition-state that leads to the product, HOSO2. While the effect of this complex on the thermal kinetics is small it potentially provides an efficient route to remove energy from vibrationally excited OH. The fitting to the past experimental data reveals that this inner transition-state is submerged with a barrier -0.25 kJ mol-1 below the entrance channel, which is outside the range predicted from the best theoretical calculations. The data fitting also yielded ΔR1H0K equal to -(109 ± 5.6) kJ mol-11 and a more precise expression for k∞1(T), (5.95 ± 0.83) × 10-13 × (T/298)-0.11±0.27.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Medeiros
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - M A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Mousavipour SH, Sadeghi M. A Theoretical Study on the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Reaction of Methylthiyl Radical with Ozone. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojgan Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University
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Zhou Y, Hu H, Li L, Hou H, Wang B. Ab initio study of the elusive HO3(X2A″) radical and the reaction. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lehman JH, Lester MI, Yarkony DR. Reactive quenching of OH A 2Σ+ by O2 and CO: Experimental and nonadiabatic theoretical studies of H- and O-atom product channels. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:094312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4748376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Le Picard SD, Tizniti M, Canosa A, Sims IR, Smith IWM. The Thermodynamics of the Elusive HO3 Radical. Science 2010; 328:1258-62. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Varner ME, Harding ME, Vázquez J, Gauss J, Stanton JF. Dissociation Energy of the HOOO Radical. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11238-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907262s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mychel E. Varner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael E. Harding
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juana Vázquez
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gauss
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - John F. Stanton
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Murray C, Derro EL, Sechler TD, Lester MI. Weakly bound molecules in the atmosphere: a case study of HOOO. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:419-27. [PMID: 19113857 DOI: 10.1021/ar8001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weakly bound molecules--particularly hydrated complexes of abundant atmospheric species--have long been postulated to play an important role in atmospherically relevant reactions. For example, such complexes could seed cloud formation and alter the global radiation budget. In this Account, we initially describe the current data on weakly bound species produced in association reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with molecular partners, particularly oxygen (O(2)), nitric acid (HONO(2)), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). Researchers have identified weakly bound association products of these reactions as the hydrogen trioxy (HOOO) radical, the doubly hydrogen-bonded OH-HONO(2) complex, and peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), respectively. In each case, previous kinetic studies of the reaction or OH vibrational relaxation processes have indicated unusual, non-Arrhenius behavior. Under the temperature-pressure conditions of the Earth's lower atmosphere, these processes exhibit a negative temperature dependence, indicative of an attractive interaction, or a pressure dependence. Researchers have subsequently carried out extensive theoretical studies of the properties of these weakly bound molecules, but the theoretical studies have lacked experimental validation. Next, we describe experimental studies to determine the vibrational frequencies and stability of HOOO as a prototypical example of these weakly bound molecules. We then use these data to assess its importance in the atmosphere. We discuss the efficient production of the HOOO radical from OH and O(2) under laboratory conditions and its subsequent detection using infrared action spectroscopy, a highly sensitive and selective double resonance technique. Using excitation of OH stretch and combination bands comprising OH stretch with lower frequency modes, we obtain detailed spectroscopic information on the vibrational modes of the two conformers of HOOO. In addition, we infer fundamental information about the dissociation dynamics from the OH product state distribution, which provides insight into the chemical bonding in HOOO. Perhaps most importantly, we utilize a simple conservation of energy relationship based on the highest energetically open OH product state to derive a rigorous upper limit for the stability of HOOO relative to the OH + O(2) asymptote of 5.3 kcal mol(-1). When combined with previous experimental rotational constants that reflect the structure of the HOOO radical, our laboratory characterization of its stability and vibrational frequencies provides critical information to assess its thermochemical properties. Using standard statistical mechanics approaches, we can calculate the likely atmospheric abundance of HOOO. We estimate that up to 25% of the OH radicals in the vicinity of the tropopause may be associated with O(2) as a weakly bound molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Erika L. Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Timothy D. Sechler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Zhu L, Talukdar RK, Burkholder JB, Ravishankara AR. Rate coefficients for the OH + acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) reaction between 204 and 373 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Derro EL, Sechler TD, Murray C, Lester MI. Observation of ν1+νn combination bands of the HOOO and DOOO radicals using infrared action spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:244313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2945872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Derro EL, Sechler TD, Murray C, Lester MI. Infrared Action Spectroscopy of the OD Stretch Fundamental and Overtone Transitions of the DOOO Radical. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9269-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Timothy D. Sechler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Derro EL, Murray C, Sechler TD, Lester MI. Infrared Action Spectroscopy and Dissociation Dynamics of the HOOO Radical. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11592-601. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0760915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Timothy D. Sechler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Murray C, Derro EL, Sechler TD, Lester MI. Stability of the Hydrogen Trioxy Radical via Infrared Action Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4727-30. [PMID: 17503792 DOI: 10.1021/jp071473w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen trioxy radical (HO3) has been proposed as an intermediate in several important chemical reactions and relaxation processes involving OH in the atmosphere. In this work, the gas-phase infrared action spectrum of HO3 is obtained in the OH overtone region, along with the product state distribution of the OH fragment following dissociation. The highest observed OH product channel sets an upper limit for the HO-O2 binding energy of 6.12 kcal mol(-1). The experimental stability of HO3 and derived equilibrium constant imply that up to 66% of atmospheric OH may be converted into HO3 in the tropopause region.
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