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Gerber IC, Serp P. A Theory/Experience Description of Support Effects in Carbon-Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1250-1349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iann C. Gerber
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPR 8241 CNRS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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2
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Bonfanti M, Achilli S, Martinazzo R. Sticking of atomic hydrogen on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:283002. [PMID: 29845971 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac89f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an ever growing interest in the interactions between hydrogen atoms and a graphene sheet. Largely motivated by the possibility of modulating the electric, optical and magnetic properties of graphene, a huge number of studies have appeared recently that added to and enlarged earlier investigations on graphite and other carbon materials. In this review we give a glimpse of the many facets of this adsorption process, as they emerged from these studies. The focus is on those issues that have been addressed in detail, under carefully controlled conditions, with an emphasis on the interplay between the adatom structures, their formation dynamics and the electric, magnetic and chemical properties of the carbon sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonfanti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Bonfanti M, Jackson B, Hughes KH, Burghardt I, Martinazzo R. Quantum dynamics of hydrogen atoms on graphene. II. Sticking. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124704. [PMID: 26429029 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following our recent system-bath modeling of the interaction between a hydrogen atom and a graphene surface [Bonfanti et al., J. Chem. Phys. 143, 124703 (2015)], we present the results of converged quantum scattering calculations on the activated sticking dynamics. The focus of this study is the collinear scattering on a surface at zero temperature, which is treated with high-dimensional wavepacket propagations with the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method. At low collision energies, barrier-crossing dominates the sticking and any projectile that overcomes the barrier gets trapped in the chemisorption well. However, at high collision energies, energy transfer to the surface is a limiting factor, and fast H atoms hardly dissipate their excess energy and stick on the surface. As a consequence, the sticking coefficient is maximum (∼0.65) at an energy which is about one and half larger than the barrier height. Comparison of the results with classical and quasi-classical calculations shows that quantum fluctuations of the lattice play a primary role in the dynamics. A simple impulsive model describing the collision of a classical projectile with a quantum surface is developed which reproduces the quantum results remarkably well for all but the lowest energies, thereby capturing the essential physics of the activated sticking dynamics investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, v. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Bret Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Keith H Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, v. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 985] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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5
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Lin C, Feng Y, Xiao Y, Dürr M, Huang X, Xu X, Zhao R, Wang E, Li XZ, Hu Z. Direct observation of ordered configurations of hydrogen adatoms on graphene. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:903-908. [PMID: 25621539 DOI: 10.1021/nl503635x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ordered configurations of hydrogen adatoms on graphene have long been proposed, calculated, and searched for. Here, we report direct observation of several ordered configurations of H adatoms on graphene by scanning tunneling microscopy. On the top side of the graphene plane, H atoms in the configurations appear to stick to carbon atoms in the same sublattice. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed a substantial gap in the local density of states in H-contained regions as well as in-gap states below the conduction band due to the incompleteness of H ordering. These findings can be well explained by density functional theory calculations based on double-sided H configurations. In addition, factors that may influence H ordering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Lin
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Juarez-Mosqueda R, Mavrandonakis A, Kuc AB, Pettersson LGM, Heine T. Theoretical analysis of hydrogen spillover mechanism on carbon nanotubes. Front Chem 2015; 3:2. [PMID: 25699250 PMCID: PMC4313777 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spillover mechanism of molecular hydrogen on carbon nanotubes in the presence of catalytically active platinum clusters was critically and systematically investigated by using density-functional theory. Our simulation model includes a Pt4 cluster for the catalyst nanoparticle and curved and planar circumcoronene for two exemplary single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), the (10,10) CNT and one of large diameter, respectively. Our results show that the H2 molecule dissociates spontaneously on the Pt4 cluster. However, the dissociated H atoms have to overcome a barrier of more than 2 eV to migrate from the catalyst to the CNT, even if the Pt4 cluster is at full saturation with six adsorbed and dissociated hydrogen molecules. Previous investigations have shown that the mobility of hydrogen atoms on the CNT surface is hindered by a barrier. We find that instead the Pt4 catalyst may move along the outer surface of the CNT with activation energy of only 0.16 eV, and that this effect offers the possibility of full hydrogenation of the CNT. Thus, although we have not found a low-energy pathway to spillover onto the CNT, we suggest, based on our calculations and calculated data reported in the literature, that in the hydrogen-spillover process the observed saturation of the CNT at hydrogen background pressure occurs through mobile Pt nanoclusters, which move on the substrate more easily than the substrate-chemisorbed hydrogens, and deposit or reattach hydrogens in the process. Initial hydrogenation of the carbon substrate, however, is thermodynamically unfavoured, suggesting that defects should play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka B Kuc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Heine
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen Bremen, Germany
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7
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Ji M, Ren S, Hao C, Jin H, Qiu J. Theoretical study of the interaction between X (H, F) and graphene. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.803552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Cuppen HM, Karssemeijer LJ, Lamberts T. The kinetic Monte Carlo method as a way to solve the master equation for interstellar grain chemistry. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8840-71. [PMID: 24187949 PMCID: PMC3934372 DOI: 10.1021/cr400234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Cuppen
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. J. Karssemeijer
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Lamberts
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Sackler
Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Cao TF, Huang LF, Zheng XH, Zhou WH, Zeng Z. Adsorption configurations and scanning voltage determined STM images of small hydrogen clusters on bilayer graphene. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194708. [PMID: 24320345 DOI: 10.1063/1.4832040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By density functional theory calculations, the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of various hydrogen clusters adsorbed on bilayer-graphene are systematically simulated. The hydrogen configurations of the STM images observed in the experiments have been thoroughly figured out. In particular, two kinds of hydrogen dimers (ortho-dimer, para-dimer) and two kinds of tetramers (tetramer-A, -B) are determined to be the hydrogen configurations corresponding to the ellipsoidal-like STM images with different structures and sizes. One particular hexamer (hexamer-B) is the hydrogen configuration generating the star-like STM images. For each hydrogen cluster, the simulated STM images show unique voltage-dependent features, which provides a feasible way to determine hydrogen adsorption states on graphene or graphite surface in the experiments by varying-voltage measurements. Stability analysis proves that the above determined hydrogen configurations are quite stable on graphene, hence they are likely to be detected in the STM experiments. Consequently, through systematic analysis of the STM images and the stability of hydrogen clusters on bilayer graphene, many experimental observations have been consistently explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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10
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Insights into H2 formation in space from ab initio molecular dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6674-7. [PMID: 23572584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301433110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen formation is a key process for the physics and the chemistry of interstellar clouds. Molecular hydrogen is believed to form on the carbonaceous surface of dust grains, and several mechanisms have been invoked to explain its abundance in different regions of space, from cold interstellar clouds to warm photon-dominated regions. Here, we investigate direct (Eley-Rideal) recombination including lattice dynamics, surface corrugation, and competing H-dimers formation by means of ab initio molecular dynamics. We find that Eley-Rideal reaction dominates at energies relevant for the interstellar medium and alone may explain observations if the possibility of facile sticking at special sites (edges, point defects, etc.) on the surface of the dust grains is taken into account.
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12
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Abstract
Hydrogen-based fuel cells are promising solutions for the efficient and clean delivery of electricity. Since hydrogen is an energy carrier, a key step for the development of a reliable hydrogen-based technology requires solving the issue of storage and transport of hydrogen. Several proposals based on the design of advanced materials such as metal hydrides and carbon structures have been made to overcome the limitations of the conventional solution of compressing or liquefying hydrogen in tanks. Nevertheless none of these systems are currently offering the required performances in terms of hydrogen storage capacity and control of adsorption/desorption processes. Therefore the problem of hydrogen storage remains so far unsolved and it continues to represent a significant bottleneck to the advancement and proliferation of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. Recently, however, several studies on graphene, the one-atom-thick membrane of carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice, have highlighted the potentialities of this material for hydrogen storage and raise new hopes for the development of an efficient solid-state hydrogen storage device. Here we review on-going efforts and studies on functionalized and nanostructured graphene for hydrogen storage and suggest possible developments for efficient storage/release of hydrogen under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tozzini
- NEST-Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Lu Y, Feng YP. Adsorptions of hydrogen on graphene and other forms of carbon structures: First principle calculations. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2444-2453. [PMID: 21512688 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon can exist in various structural forms (graphite, graphene, graphene-nanoribbon and flake) and these are technologically very important materials. On the other hand, hydrogen incorporation in these materials can significantly affect their structural and electronic properties. As it is difficult to observe hydrogenation processes directly in experiment and to measure the electronic states at atomic scale, first-principle calculations are widely used to investigate the interaction between hydrogen and various carbon-based structures in past years. In this article, we briefly review work done in recent years, theoretical understanding on the interaction between hydrogen and different forms of carbon materials and present a number of strategies to modify the properties of carbon-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Lu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
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14
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McAfee JL, Poirier B. Quantum dynamics of hydrogen interacting with single-walled carbon nanotubes: multiple H-atom adsorbates. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074308. [PMID: 21341845 DOI: 10.1063/1.3537793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper [J. L. McAfee and B. Poirier, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 064701 (2009)], using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT), the authors reported a binding energy of 0.755 eV, for a single hydrogen atom adsorbed on a pristine (unrelaxed) (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) substrate. A full three-dimensional (3D) potential energy surface (PES) for the SWNT-H system was also developed, and used in a quantum dynamics calculation to compute all rovibrational bound states, and associated equatorial and longitudinal adsorbate migration rates. A highly pronounced preference for the latter migration pathway at ambient temperatures was observed. In this work, we extend the aforementioned study to include multiple H-atom adsorbates. Extensive DFT calculations are performed, in order to ascertain the most relevant dynamical pathways. For two adsorbates, the SWNT-H-H system is found to exhibit highly site-specific binding, as well as long-range correlation and pronounced binding energy enhancement. The latter effect is even more pronounced in the full-hydrogenation limit, increasing the per-adsorbate binding energy to 2.6 eV. To study migration dynamics, a single-hole model is developed, for which the binding energy drops to 2.11 eV. A global 3D PES is developed for the hole migration model, using 40 radial × 18 cylindrical ab initio geometries, fit to a Fourier basis with radially dependent expansion coefficients (rms error 4.9 meV). As compared with the single-adsorbate case, the hole migration PES does not exhibit separate chemisorption and physisorption wells. The barrier to longitudinal migration is also found to be much lower. Quantum dynamics calculations for all rovibrational states are then performed (using a mixed spectral basis/phase-space optimized discrete variable representation), and used to compute longitudinal migration rates. Ramifications for the use of SWNTs as potential hydrogen storage materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L McAfee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
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15
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Aréou E, Cartry G, Layet JM, Angot T. Hydrogen-graphite interaction: Experimental evidences of an adsorption barrier. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:014701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3518981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Bonfanti M, Casolo S, Tantardini GF, Martinazzo R. Surface models and reaction barrier in Eley–Rideal formation of H2 on graphitic surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16680-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Roman T, Diño WA, Nakanishi H, Kasai H. High-uptake graphene hydrogenation: a computational perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:474219. [PMID: 21832498 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/47/474219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical mechanisms that lead toward the conversion of graphene into its fully hydrogenated counterpart, which is a material that possesses properties closer to those of diamond than graphene. These are discussed from a theoretical perspective, i.e., from calculations based on density functional theory. We first discuss stability trends in small clusters of adsorbed hydrogen, as well as surface structure and concurrent reactivity changes for graphene one-face and two-face hydrogenation. Effects of adsorbed hydrogen on graphene electronic states, which are essential to adsorbed hydrogen structure discrimination, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roman
- Division of Precision Science & Technology and Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Šljivančanin Ž, Rauls E, Hornekær L, Xu W, Besenbacher F, Hammer B. Extended atomic hydrogen dimer configurations on the graphite(0001) surface. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:084706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3187941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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20
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Casolo S, Martinazzo R, Bonfanti M, Tantardini GF. Quantum Dynamics of the Eley−Rideal Hydrogen Formation Reaction on Graphite at Typical Interstellar Cloud Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14545-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Casolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; CIMAINA, Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milan; and CNR Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technology, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; CIMAINA, Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milan; and CNR Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technology, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; CIMAINA, Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milan; and CNR Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technology, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Tantardini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; CIMAINA, Interdisciplinary Center of Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milan; and CNR Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technology, V. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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21
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Guisinger NP, Rutter GM, Crain JN, First PN, Stroscio JA. Exposure of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) to atomic hydrogen. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1462-1466. [PMID: 19301926 DOI: 10.1021/nl803331q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene films on SiC exhibit coherent transport properties that suggest the potential for novel carbon-based nanoelectronics applications. Recent studies suggest that the role of the interface between single layer graphene and silicon-terminated SiC can strongly influence the electronic properties of the graphene overlayer. In this study, we have exposed the graphitized SiC to atomic hydrogen in an effort to passivate dangling bonds at the interface, while investigating the results utilizing room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Guisinger
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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22
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Casolo S, Løvvik OM, Martinazzo R, Tantardini GF. Understanding adsorption of hydrogen atoms on graphene. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:054704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3072333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Cuppen HM, Hornekær L. Kinetic Monte Carlo studies of hydrogen abstraction from graphite. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:174707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2913238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Medina Z, Jackson B. Quantum studies of light particle trapping, sticking, and desorption on metal and graphite surfaces. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:114704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2890043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Kerwin J, Jackson B. The sticking of H and D atoms on a graphite (0001) surface: The effects of coverage and energy dissipation. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2868771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Bachellerie D, Sizun M, Teillet-Billy D, Rougeau N, Sidis V. Eley-Rideal formation of H2 involving one of two para-chemisorbed H atoms on a graphite surface. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Long range orientation of meta-stable atomic hydrogen adsorbate clusters on the graphite(0 0 0 1) surface. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Islam F, Latimer ER, Price SD. The formation of vibrationally excited HD from atomic recombination on cold graphite surfaces. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:064701. [PMID: 17705615 DOI: 10.1063/1.2754684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HD molecules formed in v"=3 and v"=4 have been detected by laser spectroscopy when a cold (15 K) graphite surface is irradiated with H and D atoms. Population of the v"=3, J"=0-6 and v"=4, J"=0-6 levels has been detected and the average rotational temperatures of the nascent HD were determined. These results are compared with previous data collected for the formation of HD in v"=1 and 2 under similar conditions. This comparison indicates that the nascent HD flux increases with increasing vibrational quantum number for v"=1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahjabeen Islam
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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29
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Medina Z, Jackson B. Reduced density matrix quantum approach for particle trapping and sticking on corrugated moving surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:224703. [PMID: 17176150 DOI: 10.1063/1.2402164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A short time propagation algorithm for the reduced density matrix is derived to model the interaction of a quantum particle with a moving corrugated surface. The algorithm includes dissipative terms, which can be derived directly from the full Hamiltonian. The scattering of He from a corrugated Cu surface is examined as a function of incident energy and angle and the temperature of the substrate, with a focus on the nature of trapping. It is found that corrugation can make a significant contribution to trapping, even on a metal surface. Energy exchange with the phonons is shown to significantly modify the nature of diffraction mediated selective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleika Medina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Hornekaer L, Rauls E, Xu W, Sljivancanin Z, Otero R, Stensgaard I, Laegsgaard E, Hammer B, Besenbacher F. Clustering of chemisorbed H(D) atoms on the graphite (0001) surface due to preferential sticking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:186102. [PMID: 17155556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations which reveal a unique mechanism for the formation of hydrogen adsorbate clusters on graphite surfaces. Our results show that diffusion of hydrogen atoms is largely inactive and that clustering is a consequence of preferential sticking into specific adsorbate structures. These surprising findings are caused by reduced or even vanishing adsorption barriers for hydrogen in the vicinity of already adsorbed H atoms on the surface and point to a possible novel route to interstellar H2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hornekaer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade bygn. 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Rougeau N, Teillet-Billy D, Sidis V. Double H atom adsorption on a cluster model of a graphite surface. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
How aryl groups attach to a graphene sheet is an experimentally unanswered question. Using first principles density functional theory methods, we shed light on this problem. For the basal plane, isolated phenyl groups are predicted to be weakly bonded to the graphene sheet, even though a new single C-C bond is formed between the phenyl group and the basal plane by converting a sp2-carbon in the graphene sheet to sp3. However, the interaction can be strengthened significantly with two phenyl groups attached to the para positions of the same six-membered ring to form a pair on the basal plane. The strongest bonding is found at the graphene edges. A 1,2-addition pair is predicted to be most stable for the armchair edge, whereas the zigzag edge possesses a unique localized state near the Fermi level that shows a high affinity for the phenyl group.
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