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Ferchichi O, Derbel N, Cours T, Alijah A. Temperature-dependence of the UV cross section of dichlorine peroxide in the tail region of the 244 nm signal. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Só YADO, Neto PHDO, de Macedo LGM, Gargano R. Theoretical Investigation on H 2O 2-Ng (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) Complexes Suitable for Stereodynamics: Interactions and Thermal Chiral Rate Consequences. Front Chem 2019; 6:671. [PMID: 30713840 PMCID: PMC6345723 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although molecular collisions of noble gases (Ng) can be theoretically used to distinguish between the enantiomers of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (HP), little is known about the effects of HP-Ng interactions on the chiral rate. In this work, the chiral rate as a function of temperature (CRT) between enantiomeric conformations of HP and Ng (Ng=He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) are presented at MP2(full)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory through a fully basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected potential energy surface. The results show that: (a) the CRT is highly affected even at a small decrease in the height of trans-barrier; (b) its smallest values occur with Ne for all temperatures between 100 and 4,000 K; (c) that the decrease of CRT shows an inverse correlation with respect to the average valence electron energy of the Ng and (d) Ne and He may be the noble gases more suitable for study the oriented collision dynamics of HP. In addition to binding energies, the electron density ρ and its Laplacian ∇2ρ topological analyses were also performed within the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory in order to determine the nature of the HP-Ng interactions. The results of this work provide a more complete foundation on experiments to study HP's chirality using Ng in crossed molecular beams without a light source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Gargano
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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3
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A density functional theory investigation of the fragmentation mechanism of deprotonated asparagine. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orabi EA, English AM. A Simple Additive Potential Model for Simulating Hydrogen Peroxide in Chemical and Biological Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2808-2821. [PMID: 29630362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has numerous industrial, environmental, medical, cosmetic, and biological applications. Given its importance, we provide a simple model as an alternative to experiment for studying the properties of pure liquid H2O2 and its concentrated aqueous solutions, which are hazardous, and for understanding the biological roles of H2O2 at the molecular level. A four-site additive model is calibrated for H2O2 based on the ab initio and experimental properties of the gaseous monomer and the density and heat of vaporization of liquid H2O2 at 0 °C. Our model together with the TIP3P water model reproduce the ab initio binding energies of (H2O2) m, H2O2· nH2O, and nH2O2·H2O clusters ( m = 2, 3 and n = 1, 2) calculated at the MP2 level using the 6-311++G(d,p) or the 6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis set. It yields structure, the self-diffusion coefficient, heat capacity, and densities at temperatures up to 200 °C of the pure liquid in good agreement with experiment. The model correctly predicts the hydration free energy of H2O2 and reproduces the experimental density of aqueous H2O2 solutions at 0-96 °C. Investigation of the solvation of H2O2 and H2O in aqueous H2O2 solutions reveals that, as in the gas phase, H2O2 is a better H-bond donor but poorer acceptor than H2O and the bonding stability follows the order Op-Hp···Ow > Ow-Hw···Ow ≥ Op-Hp···Op > Ow-Hw···Op. Stronger H-bonding in H2O/H2O2 mixtures than in the pure liquids is consistent with exothermic heats of mixing and explains why the observed density and vapor pressure of the aqueous solutions are higher and lower, respectively, than expected from ideal mixing. Results also show that H2O2 adopts a skewed equilibrium geometry in gas and liquid phases but more polar cis and nonpolar trans conformations also are accessible and will stabilize H2O2 in environments of different polarity. In sum, our simple model presents a reliable tool for simulating H2O2 in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam A Orabi
- Center for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications (PROTEO), and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West , Montréal , Québec H4B 1R6 , Canada
| | - Ann M English
- Center for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications (PROTEO), and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West , Montréal , Québec H4B 1R6 , Canada
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5
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Highly accurate computation of free energies in complex systems through horsetail QM/MM molecular dynamics combined with free-energy perturbation theory. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Ferchichi O, Derbel N, Jaidane NE, Cours T, Alijah A. The gas-phase structure of dimethyl peroxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21500-21506. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the spectroscopic properties of a molecule that performs large-amplitude motion, distinction must be made between the statical and dynamical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ferchichi
- LSAMA
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique
- Moléculaire et Applications
- Département de Physique
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - Najoua Derbel
- LSAMA
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique
- Moléculaire et Applications
- Département de Physique
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - Nejm-Eddine Jaidane
- LSAMA
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique
- Moléculaire et Applications
- Département de Physique
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - Thibaud Cours
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
| | - Alexander Alijah
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
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7
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Chen ZX, Zhong H, Yu HT. Theoretical study of fragmentation pathways and product distribution of deprotonated aspartic acid. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Leal LA, da Cunha WF, Roncaratti LF, Silva GME, Gargano R. H 2O 2–Ng dynamics predictions using an accurate potential energy surface. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1078507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Audran G, Brémond P, Marque SR, Siri D, Santelli M. Energetics of the biosynthesis of prostanes from arachidonate. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Roncaratti LF, Leal LA, Pirani F, Aquilanti V, e Silva GM, Gargano R. Chirality of weakly bound complexes: the potential energy surfaces for the hydrogen-peroxide-noble-gas interactions. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:134309. [PMID: 25296808 DOI: 10.1063/1.4897136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the analytical representation of the potential energy surfaces of relevance for the intermolecular dynamics of weakly bound complexes of chiral molecules. In this paper we study the H2O2-Ng (Ng=He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) systems providing the radial and the angular dependence of the potential energy surface on the relative position of the Ng atom. We accomplish this by introducing an analytical representation which is able to fit the ab initio energies of these complexes in a wide range of geometries. Our analysis sheds light on the role that the enantiomeric forms and the symmetry of the H2O2 molecule play on the resulting barriers and equilibrium geometries. The proposed theoretical framework is useful to study the dynamics of the H2O2 molecule, or other systems involving O-O and S-S bonds, interacting by non-covalent forces with atoms or molecules and to understand how the relative orientation of the O-H bonds changes along collisional events that may lead to a hydrogen bond formation or even to selectivity in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Roncaratti
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - L A Leal
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - F Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G M e Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
| | - R Gargano
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, 70910 Brasília, Brazil
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11
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Gadre SR, Yeole SD, Sahu N. Quantum chemical investigations on molecular clusters. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12132-73. [PMID: 25341561 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208 016, India
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Kasai T, Che DC, Okada M, Tsai PY, Lin KC, Palazzetti F, Aquilanti V. Directions of chemical change: experimental characterization of the stereodynamics of photodissociation and reactive processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9776-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Aligned molecules: chirality discrimination in photodissociation and in molecular dynamics. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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15
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Baei MT, Moradi AV, Torabi P, Moghimi M. Adsorption properties of H2O2 trapped inside a boron phosphide nanotube. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Aligned molecular collisions and a stereodynamical mechanism for selective chirality. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-011-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Elango M, Maciel GS, Palazzetti F, Lombardi A, Aquilanti V. Quantum chemistry of C(3)H(6)O molecules: structure and stability, isomerization pathways, and chirality changing mechanisms. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9864-74. [PMID: 20575571 DOI: 10.1021/jp1034618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations were carried out to study the various isomers of formula C(3)H(6)O, as a part of our current quantum chemical and dynamical approaches to intra- and intermolecular kinetics for the C(n)H(2n)O (n = 1, 2, 3) molecules. The usefulness of the GRRM (global reaction route mapping) program developed by Ohno and Maeda in predicting the structure of all isomers and of the transition states connecting them is fully exploited. All the isomers are identified as local minima on the MP2/CC-PVDZ potential energy surface. Acetone is the most stable isomer. In increasing order of stability the others are propanal, 2-propenol, 1-propenol, allyl alcohol, methyl vinyl ether, cyclopropanol, propylene oxide, and oxetane. Various isomerization paths connecting them are identified. All the transition states are fully characterized using intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations. The isomerization reactions may proceed through a single step or involve an intermediate species which is either a carbene or a diradical. Special attention is devoted to propylene oxide, a favorite molecule in current photochemical and stereodynamical studies because of its chiral nature. It is a rigid molecule, and chirality switching is found to be supported by its isomers. Two different chirality switching mechanisms which are assisted by propanal and allyl alcohol are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munusamy Elango
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Ragni M, Lombardi A, Barreto PRP, Bitencourt ACP. Orthogonal coordinates and hyperquantization algorithm. The NH3 and H3O+ umbrella inversion levels. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:15355-65. [PMID: 19757778 DOI: 10.1021/jp906415m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to describe the umbrella inversion mode, which is characteristic of AB(3)-type molecules, we have introduced an alternative hyperspherical coordinate set based on a parametrization of Radau-Smith orthogonal vectors and have considered constraints which allow us to enforce the C(3v) symmetry. Structural properties and electronic energies at equilibrium and barrier configurations have been obtained at MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory. Energy profiles have been calculated using the CCSD(T) method with an aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. The NH(3) and H(3)O(+) umbrella inversion levels are obtained by the hyperquantization algorithm for a one-dimensional calculation, using a specially defined hyperangle as the inversion coordinate. The results are compared with experimental and theoretical energy levels, in particular, with those obtained by calculations based on two-dimensional models. The emerging picture of the umbrella inversion based on this hyperangular coordinate compares favorably with respect to the usual valence-type description.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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19
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Ramachandran C, Fazio DD, Sathyamurthy N, Aquilanti V. Guest species trapped inside carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Aquilanti V, Ragni M, Bitencourt ACP, Maciel GS, Prudente FV. Intramolecular Dynamics of RS−SR′ Systems (R, R′ = H, F, Cl, CH3, C2 H5): Torsional Potentials, Energy Levels, Partition Functions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3804-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8094215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy, and Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mirco Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy, and Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana C. P. Bitencourt
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy, and Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Glauciete S. Maciel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy, and Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Frederico V. Prudente
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy, and Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Maciel GS, Barreto PRP, Palazzetti F, Lombardi A, Aquilanti V. A quantum chemical study of H2S2: Intramolecular torsional mode and intermolecular interactions with rare gases. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2994732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Bitencourt ACP, Ragni M, Maciel GS, Aquilanti V, Prudente FV. Level distributions, partition functions, and rates of chirality changing processes for the torsional mode around O–O bonds. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:154316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2992554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Santiago E, Castro MA, Fonseca TL, Mukherjee PK. Vibrational effects on the dynamic electric properties of hydrogen peroxide. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:064310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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ETO I, FUJIWARA H, AKIYOSHI M, MATSUNAGA T. Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Peroxide–Metal Ion Complexes by DFT Method. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.h1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Elementary Processes in Atmospheric Chemistry: Quantum Studies of Intermolecular Dimer Formation and Intramolecular Dynamics. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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26
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Maciel GS, Bitencourt ACP, Ragni M, Aquilanti V. Quantum Study of Peroxidic Bonds and Torsional Levels for ROOR‘ Molecules (R, R‘ = H, F, Cl, NO, CN). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12604-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076017m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirco Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Barreto PRP, Vilela AFA, Lombardi A, Maciel GS, Palazzetti F, Aquilanti V. The Hydrogen Peroxide−Rare Gas Systems: Quantum Chemical Calculations and Hyperspherical Harmonic Representation of the Potential Energy Surface for Atom−Floppy Molecule Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12754-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076268v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R. P. Barreto
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. A. Vilela
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Glauciete S. Maciel
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Palazzetti
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Aquilanti
- Laboratório Associado de Plasma (LAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/MCT, CP 515, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 1224 7-9 70, Brazil, Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70919-970, Brazil, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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