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Datar A, Wright C, Matthews DA. Theoretical Investigation of the X-ray Stark Effect in Small Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1576-1587. [PMID: 36787229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the Stark effect in the soft x-ray region for various small molecules by calculating the field-dependent x-ray absorption spectra. This effect is explained in terms of the response of molecular orbitals (core and valence), the molecular dipole moment, and the molecular geometry to the applied electric field. A number of consistent trends are observed linking the computed shifts in absorption energies and intensities with specific features of the molecular electronic structure. We find that both the virtual molecular orbitals (valence and/or Rydberg) as well as the core orbitals contribute to observed trends in a complementary fashion. This initial study highlights the potential impact of x-ray Stark spectroscopy as a tool to study electronic structure and environmental perturbations at a submolecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avdhoot Datar
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Catherine Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Devin A Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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2
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Avdic I, Haase MN, Pike TD, Thompson LM. Protonation state control of electric field induced molecular switching mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5251-5261. [PMID: 36723228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy tip-induced deprotonation has been demonstrated experimentally and can be used as an additional control mechanism in electric-field induced molecular switching. The goal of the current work is to establish whether (de)protonation can be used to inhibit or enhance the electric field controlled thermal and photoisomerization processes. Dihydroxyazobenzene is used as a model system, where protonation/deprotonation of the free hydroxyl moiety changes the azo bond order, and so modifies the rate of electric field induced isomerization. Through the combined action of deprotonation and applied field, it was found that the cis-to-trans thermal isomerization barrier could be completely removed, changing the isomerization half-life from the order of several months. In addition, due to the presence of multiple isomerization mechanisms, electric fields could modify the isomerization kinetics by increasing the number of energetically viable isomerization pathways, rather than reducing the activation barrier of the lowest energy pathway. Excited state calculations indicated that the protonation state and electric field could be used together to control the presence of electronic degeneracies along the rotation pathway between S0/S1, and along all three pathways between S1/S2. This work provides insight into the mechanisms that enable the use of protonation state, light, and electric fields in concert to control molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Avdic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Meagan N Haase
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Thomas Dane Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
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3
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Effects and Influence of External Electric Fields on the Equilibrium Properties of Tautomeric Molecules. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020695. [PMID: 36677753 PMCID: PMC9865840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have attempted to briefly summarize the influence of an external electric field on an assembly of tautomeric molecules and to what experimentally observable effects this interaction can lead to. We have focused more extensively on the influence of an oriented external electric field (OEEF) on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the studies available to date. The possibilities provided by OEEF for regulating several processes and studying physicochemical processes in tautomers have turned this direction into an attractive area of research due to its numerous applications.
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4
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Chourasia M, Cowen T, Friedman-Ezra A, Rubanovich E, Shurki A. The effect of immediate environment on bond strength of different bond types-A valence bond study. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244301. [PMID: 36586970 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to design catalysis largely depends on our understanding of the electrostatic effect of the surrounding on the bonds participating in the reaction. Here, we used a simplistic model of point charges (PCs) to determine a set of rules guiding how to construct PC-bond arrangement that can strengthen or weaken different chemical bonds. Using valence bond theory to calculate the in situ bond energies, we show that the effect of the PC mainly depends on the bond's dipole moment irrespective of its type (being covalent or charge shift). That is, polar bonds are getting stronger or weaker depending on the sign and location of the PC, whereas non- or weakly polar bonds become stronger or weaker depending only on the location of the PC and to a smaller extent compared with polar bonds. We also show that for polar bonds, the maximal bond strengthening and weakening effect can be achieved when the PC is placed along the bond axis, as close as possible to the more and less polarizable atom/fragment, respectively. Finally, due to the stabilizing effects of polarizability, we show that, overall, it is easier to cause bond strengthening compared with bond weakening. Particularly, for polar bonds, bond strengthening is larger than bond weakening obtained by an oppositely signed PC. These rules should be useful in the future design of catalysis in, e.g., enzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Chourasia
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Todd Cowen
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Aviva Friedman-Ezra
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Eden Rubanovich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Avital Shurki
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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5
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Dubey KD, Stuyver T, Shaik S. Local Electric Fields: From Enzyme Catalysis to Synthetic Catalyst Design. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10285-10294. [PMID: 36469939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Mini-Review Article outlines recent advances in the study of local electric field (LEF) governed enzyme catalysis and the application of the LEF principle in synthetic catalyst design. We start by discussing the electrostatics principles that drive enzyme catalysis, and its experimental verifications through vibrational Stark spectroscopy. Subsequently, we describe aspects of LEFs other than catalysis, i.e., induction of mechanistic crossovers, among others. Here, we focus on the early work done using computational tools, along with some recent contributions. Following an in-depth discussion of the role of LEFs in enzyme catalysis, we then highlight some recent works on designed local electric fields (D-LEF) and their applications in organic synthesis. Subsequently, we turn to D-LEFs in synthetic enzymes and supramolecular systems (cf. the work by the Head-Gordon group). We end by discussing some of the software packages that have been developed to analyze local electric fields computationally. Overall, the present Mini-Review Article paints an insightful picture of the current state of the art using LEF in enzyme catalysis and its application for further bioengineering and synthetic organic frameworks in a broad perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Delhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh201314, India
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Hebrew University, Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401Israel
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6
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Oviedo-Rouco S, Spedalieri C, Scocozza MF, Tomasina F, Tórtora V, Radi R, Murgida DH. Correlated electric field modulation of electron transfer parameters and the access to alternative conformations of multifunctional cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107956. [PMID: 34624727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein that, in its native conformation, shuttles electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Conformational transitions that involve replacement of the heme distal ligand lead to the gain of alternative peroxidase activity, which is crucial for membrane permeabilization during apoptosis. Using a time-resolved SERR spectroelectrochemical approach, we found that the key physicochemical parameters that characterize the electron transfer (ET) canonic function and those that determine the transition to alternative conformations are strongly correlated and are modulated by local electric fields (LEF) of biologically meaningful magnitude. The electron shuttling function is optimized at moderate LEFs of around 1 V nm-1. A decrease of the LEF is detrimental for ET as it rises the reorganization energy. Moreover, LEF values below and above the optimal for ET favor alternative conformations with peroxidase activity and downshifted reduction potentials. The underlying proposed mechanism is the LEF modulation of the flexibility of crucial protein segments, which produces a differential effect on the kinetic ET and conformational parameters of Cytc. These findings might be related to variations in the mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis, as the basis for the switch between canonic and alternative functions of Cytc. Moreover, they highlight the possible role of variable LEFs in determining the function of other moonlighting proteins through modulation of the protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Spedalieri
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí F Scocozza
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H Murgida
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Gardner PR. Ordered Motions in the Nitric-Oxide Dioxygenase Mechanism of Flavohemoglobin and Assorted Globins with Tightly Coupled Reductases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1414:45-96. [PMID: 36520413 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric-oxide dioxygenases (NODs) activate and combine O2 with NO to form nitrate. A variety of oxygen-binding hemoglobins with associated partner reductases or electron donors function as enzymatic NODs. Kinetic and structural investigations of the archetypal two-domain microbial flavohemoglobin-NOD have illuminated an allosteric mechanism that employs selective tunnels for O2 and NO, gates for NO and nitrate, transient O2 association with ferric heme, and an O2 and NO-triggered, ferric heme spin crossover-driven, motion-controlled, and dipole-regulated electron-transfer switch. The proposed mechanism facilitates radical-radical coupling of ferric-superoxide with NO to form nitrate while preventing suicidal ferrous-NO formation. Diverse globins display the structural and functional motifs necessary for a similar allosteric NOD mechanism. In silico docking simulations reveal monomeric erythrocyte hemoglobin alpha-chain and beta-chain intrinsically matched and tightly coupled with NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, respectively, forming membrane-bound flavohemoglobin-like mammalian NODs. The neuroprotective neuroglobin manifests a potential NOD role in a close-fitting ternary complex with membrane-bound NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and cytochrome b5. Cytoglobin interfaces weakly with cytochrome b5 for O2 and NO-regulated electron-transfer and coupled NOD activity. The mechanistic model also provides insight into the evolution of O2 binding cooperativity in hemoglobin and a basis for the discovery of allosteric NOD inhibitors.
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8
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Van Lommel R, Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM, De Vleeschouwer F, Stuyver T. Can the Philicity of Radicals Be Influenced by Oriented External Electric Fields? Org Lett 2021; 24:1-5. [PMID: 34652164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of an electric field on radicals are investigated for a set of model radicals with varying complexity. An electric field impacts the intrinsic philicity of a radical, as quantified by the global electrophilicity index, ω. The extent of change in philicity depends on the directionality and strength of the applied electric field and the dipole moment and polarizability of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Van Lommel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik H Verschueren
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Chen L, Dang J, Du J, Wang C, Mo Y. Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in Homogeneous External Electric Fields: Modulating the Bond Strengths. Chemistry 2021; 27:14042-14050. [PMID: 34319620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed various fascinating phenomena arising from the interactions of noncovalent bonds with homogeneous external electric fields (EEFs). Here we performed a computational study to interpret the sensitivity of intrinsic bond strengths to EEFs in terms of steric effect and orbital interactions. The block-localized wavefunction (BLW) method, which combines the advantages of both ab initio valence bond (VB) theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory, and the subsequent energy decomposition (BLW-ED) approach were adopted. The sensitivity was monitored and analyzed using the induced energy term, which is the variation in each energy component along the EEF strength. Systems with single or multiple hydrogen (H) or halogen (X) bond(s) were also examined. It was found that the X-bond strength change to EEFs mainly stems from the covalency change, while generally the steric effect rules the response of H-bonds to EEFs. Furthermore, X-bonds are more sensitive to EEFs, with the key difference between H- and X-bonds lying in the charge transfer interaction. Since phenylboronic acid has been experimentally used as a smart linker in EEFs, switchable sensitivity was scrutinized with the example of the phenylboronic acid dimer, which exhibits two conformations with either antiparallel or parallel H-bonds, thereby, opposite or consistent responses to EEFs. Among the studied systems, the quadruple X-bonds in molecular capsules exhibit remarkable sensitivity, with its interaction energy increased by -95.2 kJ mol-1 at the EEF strength 0.005 a.u.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jingshuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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10
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Kirshenboim O, Frenklah A, Kozuch S. Switch chemistry at cryogenic conditions: quantum tunnelling under electric fields. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3179-3187. [PMID: 34164085 PMCID: PMC8179409 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06295b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While the influence of intramolecular electric fields is a known feature in enzymes, the use of oriented external electric fields (EEF) to enhance or inhibit molecular reactivity is a promising topic still in its infancy. Herein we will explore computationally the effects that EEF can provoke in simple molecules close to the absolute zero, where quantum tunnelling (QT) is the sole mechanistic option. We studied three exemplary systems, each one with different reactivity features and known QT kinetics: π bond-shifting in pentalene, Cope rearrangement in semibullvalene, and cycloreversion of diazabicyclohexadiene. The kinetics of these cases depend both on the field strength and its direction, usually giving subtle but remarkable changes. However, for the cycloreversion, which suffers large changes on the dipole through the reaction, we also observed striking results. Between the effects caused by the EEF on the QT we observed an inversion of the Arrhenius equation, deactivation of the molecular fluxionality, and stabilization or instantaneous decomposition of the system. All these effects may well be achieved, literally, at the flick of a switch. Adding an external electric field to reactions driven by quantum mechanical tunneling brings a whole new dimension to the idea of switch chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kirshenboim
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 841051 Israel
| | - Alexander Frenklah
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 841051 Israel
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 841051 Israel
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11
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Thompson LM. Effect of Oriented External Electric Fields on the Photo and Thermal Isomerization of Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3520-3529. [PMID: 32286821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzene is a prototype molecule with potential applications in molecular switches, solar thermal batteries, sensors, photoresponsive membranes, molecular electronics, data storage, and nonlinear optics. Photo and thermal isomerization pathways exhibit different charge-transfer character and dipole moments, implying that the use of electric fields can be used to modulate the reactivity of azobenzene. This article examines the differential effect of orientated electric fields on the rotation and inversion thermal and photoisomerization pathways of azobenzene to explore the feasibility of using electric fields in the design of azobenzene-based molecular devices. Our findings demonstrate that the application of orientated electric fields modifies the accessibility of the S0/S1 seam of electronic degeneracy, as well as changes the energetically favored relaxation pathway in the branching space to yield different photoproducts. In addition, we observed strong-field dipole-inversion effects that cause a topographical change in the response of the potential energy surface to the applied field and can result in geometric minima that do not exist under field-free conditions. On the S0 surface, transition barriers can be modified on the order of ±10 kcal mol-1, enabling control of thermal isomerization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40205, United States
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12
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Wang M, Qu Z. The C–H bond activation by non-heme oxidant [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+ with external electric field. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Stuyver T, Danovich D, Joy J, Shaik S. External electric field effects on chemical structure and reactivity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
- Algemene Chemie Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
| | - Jyothish Joy
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel
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14
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Zhang MX, Xu HL. A greener catalyst for hydroboration of imines-external electric field modify the reaction mechanism. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1772-1779. [PMID: 30942507 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Usually, an extra catalyst (for example, the transition metal complexes) need to be used in catalyzing hydroboration, which involved the cost, environment, and so forth. Here, a greener and controllable catalyst-external electric field (EEF) was used to study its effect on hydroboration of N-(4-methylbenzyl)aniline (PhN═CHPhMe) with pinacolboane (HBPin). The results demonstrated that EEF could affect the barrier heights of both two pathways of this reaction. More significantly, flipping the direction of EEF could modify the reaction mechanism to induce a dominant inverse hydroboration at some field strength. That is to say, oriented EEF is a controlling switch for the anti- or Markovnikov hydroboration reaction of imines. This investigation is meaningful for the exploration of greener catalyst for chemistry reaction and guide a new method for the Markovnikov hydroboration addition. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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15
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The response of electronic and energetic properties of conjugated vs aromatic molecules to an external uniform electric field. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Wang Z, Danovich D, Ramanan R, Shaik S. Oriented-External Electric Fields Create Absolute Enantioselectivity in Diels–Alder Reactions: Importance of the Molecular Dipole Moment. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13350-13359. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rajeev Ramanan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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17
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Shaik S, Ramanan R, Danovich D, Mandal D. Structure and reactivity/selectivity control by oriented-external electric fields. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5125-5145. [PMID: 29979456 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This is a tutorial on use of external-electric-fields (EEFs) as effectors of chemical change. The tutorial instructs readers how to conceptualize and design electric-field effects on bonds, structures, and reactions. Most effects can be comprehended as the field-induced stabilization of ionic structures. Thus, orienting the field along the "bond axis" will facilitate bond breaking. Similarly, orienting the field along the "reaction axis", the direction in which "electron pairs transform" from reactants- to products-like, will catalyse the reaction. Flipping the field's orientation along the reaction-axis will cause inhibition. Orienting the field off-reaction-axis will control stereo-selectivity and remove forbidden-orbital mixing. Two-directional fields may control both reactivity and selectivity. Increasing the field strength for concerted reactions (e.g., Diels-Alder's) will cause mechanistic-switchover to stepwise mechanisms with ionic intermediates. Examples of bond breaking and control of reactivity/selectivity and mechanisms are presented and analysed from the "ionic perspective". The tutorial projects the unity of EEF effects, "giving insight and numbers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang F, Xu H, Su Z. The regulation of hydroboration of olefins by oriented external electric field. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
By employing an oriented external electric field as a catalyst or inhibitor, the model reactions of the hydroboration of terminal olefins with the simplest borane were studied for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
| | - Fengyi Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
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19
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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20
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Khomyakov DG, Timerghazin QK. Toward reliable modeling of S-nitrosothiol chemistry: Structure and properties of methyl thionitrite (CH3SNO), an S-nitrosocysteine model. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4995300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry G. Khomyakov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA
| | - Qadir K. Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA
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21
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Shaik S, Mandal D, Ramanan R. Oriented electric fields as future smart reagents in chemistry. Nat Chem 2016; 8:1091-1098. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Hannibal L, Tomasina F, Capdevila DA, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Alvarez-Paggi D, Jemmerson R, Murgida DH, Radi R. Alternative Conformations of Cytochrome c: Structure, Function, and Detection. Biochemistry 2016; 55:407-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Hannibal
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center
for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg D-79106, Germany
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daiana A. Capdevila
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ronald Jemmerson
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, MMC 196,
420 Delaware Street, Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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23
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Effect of the external electric field on selected tripeptides. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1399-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Timerghazin QK, Talipov MR. Unprecedented External Electric Field Effects on S-Nitrosothiols: Possible Mechanism of Biological Regulation? J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1034-1038. [PMID: 26291373 DOI: 10.1021/jz400354m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), ubiquitous carriers of nitric oxide NO and its physiological activity, are tightly regulated in biological systems, but the mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. Here, we computationally demonstrate that RSNO properties can be dramatically altered by biologically accessible external electric fields (EEFs) by modulation of the two minor antagonistic resonance structures of RSNOs, which have opposite formal charge distributions and bonding patterns. As these resonance contributions relate to the two competing modes of RSNO reactivity with nucleophiles, via N- or S-atom directed nucleophilic attack, EEFs are predicted to be efficient in controlling biologically important RSNO reactions with thiols. For instance, EEF catalysis might be one of the mechanisms behind the high selectivity of protein trans-S-nitrosation reactions, or putative nitroxyl HNO formation via RSNO S-thiolation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qadir K Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Marat R Talipov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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25
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Ly HK, Sezer M, Wisitruangsakul N, Feng JJ, Kranich A, Millo D, Weidinger IM, Zebger I, Murgida DH, Hildebrandt P. Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy for probing transient interactions of proteins with biomimetic interfaces: electric field effects on structure, dynamics and function of cytochrome c. FEBS J 2011; 278:1382-90. [PMID: 21352495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of the biochemical and biophysical processes of proteins take place at membranes, and are thus under the influence of strong local electric fields, which are likely to affect the structure as well as the reaction mechanism and dynamics. To analyse such electric field effects, biomimetic interfaces may be employed that consist of membrane models deposited on nanostructured metal electrodes. For such devices, surface-enhanced resonance Raman and IR absorption spectroscopy are powerful techniques to disentangle the complex interfacial processes of proteins in terms of rotational diffusion, electron transfer, and protein and cofactor structural changes. The present article reviews the results obtained for the haem protein cytochrome c, which is widely used as a model protein for studying the various reaction steps of interfacial redox processes in general. In addition, it is shown that electric field effects may be functional for the natural redox processes of cytochrome c in the respiratory chain, as well as for the switch from the redox to the peroxidase function, one of the key events preceding apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Khoa Ly
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Aittala PJ, Cramariuc O, Hukka TI. Electric-Field-Assisted Electron Transfer in a Porphine−Quinone Complex: A Theoretical Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:805-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka J. Aittala
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland, and IT Center for Science and Technology, Av. Radu Beller 25, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Terttu I. Hukka
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland, and IT Center for Science and Technology, Av. Radu Beller 25, Bucharest, Romania
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27
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Meir R, Chen H, Lai W, Shaik S. Oriented Electric Fields Accelerate DielsâAlder Reactions and Control theendo/exoSelectivity. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:301-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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De Biase PM, Paggi DA, Doctorovich F, Hildebrandt P, Estrin DA, Murgida DH, Marti MA. Molecular basis for the electric field modulation of cytochrome C structure and function. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:16248-56. [PMID: 19886701 DOI: 10.1021/ja906726n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt) is a small soluble heme protein with a hexacoordinated heme and functions as an electron shuttle in the mitochondria and in early events of apoptosis when released to the cytoplasm. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show here that biologically relevant electric fields induce an increased mobility and structural distortion of key protein segments that leads to the detachment of the sixth axial ligand Met80 from the heme iron. This electric-field-induced conformational transition is energetically and entropically driven and leads to a pentacoordinated high spin heme that is characterized by a drastically lowered reduction potential as well as by an increased peroxidase activity. The simulations provide a detailed atomistic picture of the structural effects of the electric field on the structure of Cyt, which allows a sound interpretation of recent experimental results. The observed conformational change may modulate the electron transfer reactions of Cyt in the mitochondria and, furthermore, may constitute a switch from the redox function in the respiratory chain to the peroxidase function in the early events of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M De Biase
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Hirao H, Chen H, Carvajal MA, Wang Y, Shaik S. Effect of External Electric Fields on the C−H Bond Activation Reactivity of Nonheme Iron−Oxo Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:3319-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja070903t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hirao
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hui Chen
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Angels Carvajal
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yong Wang
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Das A, Grinkova YV, Sligar SG. Redox potential control by drug binding to cytochrome P450 3A4. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13778-9. [PMID: 17948999 DOI: 10.1021/ja074864x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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