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Andress TD, Maxwell JW, McNeill AS, Stanbury DM, Dixon DA. Prediction of Aqueous Reduction Potentials of X •, ChH •, and XO • Radicals with X = Halogen and Ch = Chalcogen. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10600-10612. [PMID: 38085654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous electron affinity and aqueous reduction potentials for F•, Cl•, Br•, I•, OH•, SH•, SeH•, TeH•, ClO•, BrO•, and IO• were calculated using electronic structure methods for explicit cluster models coupled with a self-consistent reaction field (SMD) to treat the aqueous solvent. Calculations were conducted using MP2 and correlated molecular orbital theory up to the CCSD(T)-F12b level for water tetramer clusters and MP2 for octamer cluster. Inclusion of explicit waters was found to be important for accurately predicting the redox potentials in a number of cases. The calculated reduction potentials for X• and ChH• were predicted to within ∼0.1 V of the reported literature values. Fluorine is anomalous due to abstraction of a hydrogen from one of the surrounding water molecules to form a hydroxyl radical and hydrogen fluoride, so its redox potential was calculated using only an implicit model. Larger deviations from experiment were predicted for ClO• and BrO•. These deviations are due to the free energy of solvation of the anion being too negative, as found in the pKa calculations, and that for the neutral being too positive with the current approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dalton Andress
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Jackson W Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Ashley S McNeill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - David M Stanbury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Zhang Q, Hadizadeh MH, Hu Y, Zhang X, Su Z, Wu Z, Wang X, Xu F, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Wang W. The effects of the gas-liquid interface and gas phase on Cl/ClO radical interaction with water molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23296-23305. [PMID: 37609804 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In the marine boundary layer (MBL), chlorine (Cl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO) are powerful oxidants with high concentrations. The gas-liquid interface is also ubiquitous in the MBL as a favorable site for atmospheric reactions. Understanding the role of water in Cl/ClO radical chemistry is essential for predicting their behavior in the atmosphere and developing effective strategies for mitigating their harmful effects. However, the research studies on the system of Cl/ClO radicals on the surface of water droplets are still insufficient. In previous studies, we have found unique results related to the hydroxyl radical at the interface using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). In this work, we have used AIMD to investigate interactions between Cl/ClO radicals and water molecules at the gas-liquid interface. Radical mobility, radial distribution functions, coordination, and population analyses were conducted to investigate the surface preference, bonding pattern, and track Cl/ClO radicals in the water droplets. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) analysis was conducted to compare the results at the gas-liquid interface with those in the gas phase. We found that Cl/ClO radicals tend to remain near the gas-liquid interface in water droplet systems and outside of water clusters in gas phase systems. The ClO radical can form O*-H and Cl-O bonds with water molecules; however, neither the O*-O hemibond nor the Cl-H bond was detected in all systems. Different dominant structures were obtained for ClO in the interface and gas phase. The ClO radical can be bonded to one water molecule from its oxygen side, (H2O)0-Cl-O*-(H2O)1 at the interface, or to two water molecules from the chlorine and oxygen sides, (H2O)1-Cl-O*-(H2O)1 in the gas phase. Meanwhile, the Cl radical can only form a dominant structure like Cl*-(H2O)1 at the gas-liquid interface by making a Cl*-O hemibond. Providing a thorough explanation of the Cl/ClO radical behavior at the gas-liquid interface, this study will improve our understanding of the MBL's oxidizing capacity and pollution causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongxia Hu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zupeng Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias O. Miranda
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (UNNE-CONICET) Avenida Libertad 5460 3400 Corrientes Argentina
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avenida Libertad 5460 3400 Corrientes Argentina
| | - Darío J. R. Duarte
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (UNNE-CONICET) Avenida Libertad 5460 3400 Corrientes Argentina
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avenida Libertad 5460 3400 Corrientes Argentina
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Ross MW, Berkdemir C, Castleman AW. Strong-Field Ionization and Coulomb Explosion of Chlorine Weakly Bound to Small Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8530-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3036617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt W. Ross
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cuneyt Berkdemir
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Gálvez O, Gómez PC, Pacios LF. Characterization of two types of intermolecular interactions on halogen monoxide monohydrates. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:2538-49. [PMID: 19373835 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gálvez
- Departamento de Física Molecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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