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Ye L, Xu C, Gu FL, Zhu C. Functional and Basis Set Dependence for Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Trajectory Surface Hopping Molecular Dynamics: Cis-Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Comput Chem 2019; 41:635-645. [PMID: 31743473 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Within three functionals (TD-B3LYP, TD-BHandHLYP, and TD-CAM-B3LYP) in combination with four basis sets (3-21g, 6-31g, 6-31g(d), and cc-pvdz), global switching (GS) trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics has been performed for cis-to-trans azobenzene photoisomerization up to the S1 (nπ*) excitation. Although all the combinations show artificial double-cone structure of conical intersection between ground and first excited states, simulated quantum yields and lifetimes are in good agreement with one another; 0.6 (±5%) and 40.5 fs (±10%) by TD-B3LYP, 0.5 (±10%) and 35.5 fs (±4%) by TD-BHandHLYP, and 0.44 (±9%) and 35.2 fs (±10%) by TD-CAM-B3LYP. By analyzing distributions of excited-state population decays, hopping spots, and typical trajectories with performance of 12 functional/basis set combinations, it has been concluded that functional dependence for given basis set is slightly more sensitive than basis set dependence for given functional. The present GS on-the-fly time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) trajectory surface hopping simulation can provide practical benchmark guidelines for conical intersection driven excited-state molecular dynamics simulation involving in large complex system within ordinary TDDFT framework. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Key Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Pang X, Jiang C, Qi Y, Yuan L, Hu D, Zhang X, Zhao D, Wang D, Lan Z, Li F. Ultrafast unidirectional chiral rotation in the Z–E photoisomerization of two azoheteroarene photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25910-25917. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on a large number of trajectories starting from the Z-isomer, for both azoheteroarenes, more than 99% of the trajectories decay through conical intersections with the same helicities as their initial geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Pang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Yongnan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Deping Hu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiuxing Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Weinan Normal University
- Weinan 714000
- China
| | - Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Fuli Li
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
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Xu C, Yu L, Gu FL, Zhu C. Probing the π → π* photoisomerization mechanism of trans-azobenzene by multi-state ab initio on-the-fly trajectory dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23885-23897. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global nonadiabatic switching on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulations at the 5SA-CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G quantum level have been employed to probe the photoisomerization mechanism of trans-azobenzene upon ππ* excitation within four coupled singlet low-lying electronic states (S0, S1, S2, and S3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
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Yu L, Xu C, Zhu C. Probing the π→π* photoisomerization mechanism of cis-azobenzene by multi-state ab initio on-the-fly trajectory dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17646-60. [PMID: 26081715 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on a newly developed algorithm to compute global nonadiabatic switching probability by using only electronic adiabatic potential energy surfaces and gradients, we performed on-the-fly, trajectory-surface hopping simulations at the 5SA-CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G quantum level to probe the π→π* photoisomerization mechanism of the azobenzene within four singlet low-lying electronic states (S0, S1, S2, and S3) coupled with a complicated conical intersection network. We found that four conical intersections between the S1 and S2 states (one is near the cis-isomer region, another near the trans-isomer region, and two others between cis and trans) play the most important roles for understanding the photoisomerization mechanism of azobenzene upon S2 and S3ππ* excitation. We studied six cases to demonstrate the photoisomerization mechanism in detail by choosing eight (six) typical reactive (nonreactive) trajectories, namely, two-step fast-fast processes having lifetimes of several tenths to one hundred femtoseconds and two-step, fast-slow and slow-slow processes having lifetimes of several hundred to one thousand femtoseconds. We found for the first time from simulation that once a trajectory visits the conical intersection near the trans-isomer after ππ* excitation, it could rapidly go through the inversion pathway to trans-azobenzene, and confirms the most recent experimental observations. We performed 536 sampling trajectories (336 from S2 and 200 from S3), initially starting from the Franck-Condon region of cis-azobenzene, and obtained a total reactive quantum yield of 0.3-0.45 in very good agreement with recent experimental results of 0.24-0.50. Moreover, the current method can estimate overall nonadiabatic transition probability for each sampling trajectory from beginning to end. This can greatly accelerate convergence of nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation, and, for instance, results in a quantum yield of 0.53 estimated from only eight typical reactive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Duarte L, Fausto R, Reva I. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of E- and Z-isomers of azobenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16919-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harabuchi Y, Ishii M, Nakayama A, Noro T, Taketsugu T. A multireference perturbation study of the NN stretching frequency of trans-azobenzene in nπ* excitation and an implication for the photoisomerization mechanism. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lin TY, Chaudhari A, Lee SL. Correlation between substituent constants and hyperpolarizabilities for di-substituted trans-azobenzenes. J Mol Model 2012; 19:529-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ultrafast cis-to-trans photoisomerization of a bridged azobenzene through nπ∗ excitation: Rotational pathway is not restricted. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Azobenzene undergoes trans→cis isomerization when irradiated with light tuned to an appropriate wavelength. The reverse cis→trans isomerization can be driven by light or occurs thermally in the dark. Azobenzene's photochromatic properties make it an ideal component of numerous molecular devices and functional materials. Despite the abundance of application-driven research, azobenzene photochemistry and the isomerization mechanism remain topics of investigation. Additional substituents on the azobenzene ring system change the spectroscopic properties and isomerization mechanism. This critical review details the studies completed to date on the 3 main classes of azobenzene derivatives. Understanding the differences in photochemistry, which originate from substitution, is imperative in exploiting azobenzene in the desired applications.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of a surface confined redox reaction: The reduction of azobenzene on mercury in the absence of diffusion. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu L, Yuan S, Fang WH, Zhang Y. Probing Highly Efficient Photoisomerization of a Bridged Azobenzene by a Combination of CASPT2//CASSCF Calculation with Semiclassical Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10027-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203704x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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Pederzoli M, Pittner J, Barbatti M, Lischka H. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of the cis-trans photoisomerization of azobenzene excited to the S1 state. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11136-43. [PMID: 21688804 DOI: 10.1021/jp2013094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of cis-to-trans isomerization of azobenzene upon S(1) (n-π*) excitation are carried out employing the fewest-switches surface hopping method. Azobenzene photoisomerization occurs purely as a rotational motion of the central CNNC moiety. Two nonequivalent rotational pathways corresponding to clockwise or counterclockwise rotation are available. The course of the rotational motion is strongly dependent on the initial conditions. The internal conversion occurs via an S(0)/S(1) crossing seam located near the midpoint of both of these rotational pathways. Based on statistical analysis, it is shown that the occurrence of one or other pathway can be completely controlled by selecting adequate initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pederzoli
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jiang CW, Xie RH, Li FL, Allen RE. Comparative Studies of the trans−cis Photoisomerizations of Azobenzene and a Bridged Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:244-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Jiang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States, and Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xie
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States, and Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States, and Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Roland E. Allen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States, and Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Wang L, Chen H, Huang X, Nan J. An Experimental Investigation of Quasireversible Maximum of Azobenzene on Mercury Electrode by Fourier Transformed Square-Wave Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Ootani Y, Satoh K, Nakayama A, Noro T, Taketsugu T. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of photoisomerization in azobenzene in the nπ[sup ∗] state. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3263918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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16
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Sauer P, Allen RE. Influence of Laser Pulse Parameters on Dynamical Processes during Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11142-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801347z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sauer
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Roland E. Allen
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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