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Ferrari BC, Slavicinska K, Bennett CJ. Role of Suprathermal Chemistry on the Evolution of Carbon Oxides and Organics within Interstellar and Cometary Ices. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1067-1079. [PMID: 33554606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusLaboratory-based experimental astrochemistry regularly entails simulation of astrophysical environments whereby low-temperature condensed ices are exposed to radiation from ultraviolet (UV) photons or energetic charged particles. Here, excited atoms/radicals are generated that are not in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings (i.e., they are nonthermal, or suprathermal). These species can surpass typical reaction barriers and partake in unusual chemical processes leading to novel molecular species. Often, these are uniquely observable under low-temperature conditions where the surrounding ice matrix can stabilize excited intermediates that would otherwise fall apart. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is traditionally utilized to monitor the evolution of chemical species within ices in situ during radiolysis. Yet, the characterization and quantification of novel species and radicals formed within astrophysical ices is often hindered since many of these cannot be synthesized by traditional synthetic chemistry. Computational approaches can provide fundamental vibrational frequencies and isotopic shifts to help aid in assignments alongside infrared intensities and Raman activities to quantify levels of production. In this Account, we begin with a brief history and background regarding the composition and radiation of interstellar ices. We review details of some of the early work on carbon oxides produced during the radiolysis of pure carbon dioxide ices and contention around the carrier of an absorption feature that could potentially be a product of radiation. We then provide an overview of current and emerging experimental methodologies and some of the chemistries that occur via nonthermal processes during radiolysis of low-temperature ices. Next, we detail computational approaches to reliably predict vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and Raman activities based on our recent work. Our focus then turns to studies on the formation of complex organics and carbon oxides, highlighting those aided by computational approaches and their role in astrochemistry. Some recent controversies regarding assignments alongside our recent results on the characterization of novel carbon oxide species are discussed. We present an argument for the potential role of carbon oxides within cometary ices as parent molecular species for small volatiles. We provide an overview of some of the complex organic species that can be formed within interstellar and cometary ices that contain either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We examine how Raman spectroscopy could potentially be leveraged to help determine and characterize carbon oxides in future experiments as well as how computational approaches can aid in these assignments. We conclude with brief remarks on future directions our research group is taking to unravel astrochemically relevant carbon oxides using combined computational and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Ferrari
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Katerina Slavicinska
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bennett
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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Seidu I, Goel P, Wang XG, Chen B, Wang XB, Zeng T. Vibronic interaction in CO3− photo-detachment: Jahn–Teller effects beyond structural distortion and general formalisms for vibronic Hamiltonians in trigonal symmetries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8679-8690. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expansion formalisms for trigonal Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller vibronic Hamiltonians are developed and used to study and correctly interpret the photoelectron spectrum of CO3−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry
- Carleton University
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
| | - Prateek Goel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | | | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Pennsylvania State University
- State College
- USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Carleton University
- Ottawa
- Canada
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3
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Chen B, Hrovat DA, Borden WT. Calculations of the energies of the low-lying electronic states of dioxatrimethylenemethane (H2CCO2) and prediction of the negative ion photoelectron (NIPE) spectrum of its radical anion. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling; University of North Texas; 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX USA
| | - David A. Hrovat
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling; University of North Texas; 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX USA
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling; University of North Texas; 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX USA
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Abplanalp MJ, Förstel M, Kaiser RI. Exploiting single photon vacuum ultraviolet photoionization to unravel the synthesis of complex organic molecules in interstellar ices. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hrovat DA, Hou GL, Chen B, Wang XB, Borden WT. Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the prediction that D3h carbon trioxide (CO 3) has a singlet ground state. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1142-1150. [PMID: 29910870 PMCID: PMC5975725 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03542b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The CO3 radical anion (CO3˙–) has been formed by electrospraying carbonate dianion (CO32–) into the gas phase.
The CO3 radical anion (CO3˙–) has been formed by electrospraying carbonate dianion (CO32–) into the gas phase. The negative ion photoelectron (NIPE) spectrum of CO3˙– shows that, unlike the isoelectronic trimethylenemethane [C(CH2)3], D3h carbon trioxide (CO3) has a singlet ground state. From the NIPE spectrum, the electron affinity of D3h singlet CO3 was, for the first time, directly determined to be EA = 4.06 ± 0.03 eV, and the energy difference between the D3h singlet and the lowest triplet was measured as ΔEST = – 17.8 ± 0.9 kcal mol–1. B3LYP, CCSD(T), and CASPT2 calculations all find that the two lowest triplet states of CO3 are very close in energy, a prediction that is confirmed by the relative intensities of the bands in the NIPE spectrum of CO3˙–. The 560 cm–1 vibrational progression, seen in the low energy region of the triplet band, enables the identification of the lowest, Jahn–Teller-distorted, triplet state as 3A1, in which both unpaired electrons reside in σ MOs, rather than 3A2, in which one unpaired electron occupies the b2 σ MO, and the other occupies the b1 π MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hrovat
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , USA .
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P. O. Box 999, MS K8-88 , Richland , WA 99352 , USA .
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , USA .
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P. O. Box 999, MS K8-88 , Richland , WA 99352 , USA .
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , USA .
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He FF, Gao SM, de Petris G, Rosi M, Ding YH. Monocyclic and bicyclic CO 4: how stable are they? RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time the barriers for the CO2-elimination from 11 and 12 energy-rich CO4 were located, they amount to 28.7 and 14.7 kcal mol−1 at the CASPT2(18e,12o)/CBS level of theory, and 23.5 and 21.1 kcal mol−1 at the UCCSD(T)/CBS level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-fei He
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-meng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing 163318
- PR China
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale
- University of Perugia and ISTM-CNR
- 06125 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
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Sivaraman B, Raja Sekhar BN, Fulvio D, Hunniford A, McCullough B, Palumbo ME, Mason N. Ozone and carbon trioxide synthesis by low energy ion implantation onto solid carbon dioxide and implications to astrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Qin C, Gladney A. DFT study of and relevant to oxygen reduction with the presence of molten carbonate in solid oxide fuel cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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HOWART MICHAEL, YONKE BRENDAN, SONG JIE. THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF A NEW DIOXIRANE C2O4. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633610005736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of two isomers of a new substituted dioxirane, C2O4 , are reported. Molecular geometric characteristics, vibrational frequencies, and local atomic charges, are compared with its analog, CO4. It is found that C2O4 is structurally and chemically similar to CO4: one isomer shows the dioxirane rings like most substituted dioxiranes and the other isomer retains a CO3 ring. Equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of two energetically low-lying triplet states of C2O4 are predicted and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MICHAEL HOWART
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
| | - BRENDAN YONKE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
| | - JIE SONG
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
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Ennis CP, Bennett CJ, Kaiser RI. On the formation of ozone in oxygen-rich solar system ices via ionizing radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9469-82. [PMID: 21483931 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of pure molecular oxygen (O(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) ices with 5 keV H(+) and He(+) ions was investigated experimentally to simulate the chemical processing of oxygen rich planetary and interstellar surfaces by exposure to galactic cosmic ray (GCR), solar wind, and magnetospheric particles. Deposited at 12 K under ultra-high vacuum conditions (UHV), the irradiated condensates were monitored on-line and in situ in the solid-state by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), revealing the formation of ozone (O(3)) in irradiated oxygen ice; and ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), and cyclic carbon trioxide (c-CO(3)) in irradiated carbon dioxide. In addition to these irradiation products, evolution of gas-phase molecular hydrogen (H(2)), atomic helium (He) and molecular oxygen (O(2)) were identified in the subliming oxygen and carbon dioxide condensates by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). Temporal abundances of the oxygen and carbon dioxide precursors and the observed molecular products were compiled over the irradiation period to develop reaction schemes unfolding in the ices. These reactions were observed to be dependent on the generation of atomic oxygen (O) by the homolytic dissociation of molecular oxygen induced by electronic, S(e), and nuclear, S(n), interaction with the impinging ions. In addition, the destruction of the ozone and carbon trioxide products back to the molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide precursors was promoted over an extended period of ion bombardment. Finally, destruction and formation yields were calculated and compared between irradiation sources (including 5 keV electrons) which showed a surprising correlation between the molecular yields (∼10(-3)-10(-4) molecules eV(-1)) created by H(+) and He(+) impacts. However, energy transfer by isoenergetic, fast electrons typically generated ten times more product molecules per electron volt (∼10(-2)-10(-3) molecules eV(-1)) than exposure to the ions. Implications of these findings to Solar System chemistry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Ennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Gutsev GL, Weatherford CA, Pradhan K, Jena P. Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Iron Oxides with the High Content of Oxygen: FeOn and FeOn− (n = 5−12). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9014-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - C. A. Weatherford
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - K. Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - P. Jena
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
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12
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Liu Y, Bersuker IB, Zou W, Boggs JE. Combined Jahn−Teller and Pseudo-Jahn−Teller Effect in the CO3 Molecule: A Seven-State Six-Mode Problem. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:2679-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165
| | - Isaac B. Bersuker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165
| | - James E. Boggs
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165
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