1
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Yoshikawa K, Kanno M, Xue H, Kishimoto N, Goto S, Ota F, Tamura Y, Trinter F, Fehre K, Kaiser L, Stindl J, Tsitsonis D, Schöffler M, Dörner R, Boll R, Erk B, Mazza T, Mullins T, Rivas DE, Schmidt P, Usenko S, Meyer M, Wang E, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Kukk E, Jahnke T, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Hatada K, Ueda K. Time-resolved photoelectron diffraction imaging of methanol photodissociation involving molecular hydrogen ejection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:25118-25130. [PMID: 39311030 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Imaging ultrafast atomic and molecular hydrogen motion with femtosecond time resolution is a challenge for ultrafast spectroscopy due to the low mass and small scattering cross section of the moving neutral hydrogen atoms and molecules. Here, we propose time- and momentum-resolved photoelectron diffraction (TMR-PED) as a way to overcome limitations of existing methodologies and illustrate its performance using a prototype molecular dissociation process involving the sequential ejection of a neutral hydrogen molecule and a proton from the methanol dication. By combining state-of-the-art molecular dynamics and electron-scattering methods, we show that TMR-PED allows for direct imaging of hydrogen atoms in action. More specifically, the fingerprint of hydrogen dynamics reflects the time evolution of polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (PA-MFPADs) as would be recorded in X-ray pump/X-ray probe experiments with few-femtosecond resolution. We present the results of two precursor experiments that support the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kanno
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Soki Goto
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Fukiko Ota
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Florian Trinter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kilian Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leon Kaiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stindl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsonis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- FLASH, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Till Jahnke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Módulo 13, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Módulo 13, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Keisuke Hatada
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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2
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Severt T, Weckwerth E, Kaderiya B, Feizollah P, Jochim B, Borne K, Ziaee F, P KR, Carnes KD, Dantus M, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Wells E, Ben-Itzhak I. Initial-site characterization of hydrogen migration following strong-field double-ionization of ethanol. Nat Commun 2024; 15:74. [PMID: 38168047 PMCID: PMC10761976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An essential problem in photochemistry is understanding the coupling of electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules, which manifests in processes such as hydrogen migration. Measurements of hydrogen migration in molecules that have more than two equivalent hydrogen sites, however, produce data that is difficult to compare with calculations because the initial hydrogen site is unknown. We demonstrate that coincidence ion-imaging measurements of a few deuterium-tagged isotopologues of ethanol can determine the contribution of each initial-site composition to hydrogen-rich fragments following strong-field double ionization. These site-specific probabilities produce benchmarks for calculations and answer outstanding questions about photofragmentation of ethanol dications; e.g., establishing that the central two hydrogen atoms are 15 times more likely to abstract the hydroxyl proton than a methyl-group proton to form H[Formula: see text] and that hydrogen scrambling, involving the exchange of hydrogen between different sites, is important in H2O+ formation. The technique extends to dynamic variables and could, in principle, be applied to larger non-cyclic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Eleanor Weckwerth
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Balram Kaderiya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Peyman Feizollah
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Bethany Jochim
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kurtis Borne
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kanaka Raju P
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- School of Quantum Technology, DIAT (DU), Pune, Maharashtra, 411025, India
| | - Kevin D Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Eric Wells
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA.
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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3
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Zhou L, Qiang J, Huang H, Jiang Z, Pan S, Lu C, Shi M, Ye Z, Jiang W, Zhang W, Ni H, Chen G, Lu P, Wu J. Stereodynamical Control of D 3+ Formation from the Bimolecular Photoreaction in the D 2-D 2 Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10348-10353. [PMID: 37948304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the stereodynamic control of D3+ formation from the laser-induced bimolecular reaction in a weakly bound D2-D2 dimer via impulsive molecular alignment. Using a linearly polarized moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse, the D2 molecules in the dimer were prealigned prior to the bimolecular reaction triggered by a delayed probe pulse. The rotationally excited D2 in the dimer was observed to rotate freely as if it were a monomer. It was demonstrated that the yield of photoreaction product D3+ is increased or decreased when the molecular axis of D2 is parallel or perpendicular to the probe laser polarization, respectively. The underlying physics of this steric effect is the alignment-dependent bond cleavage of D2+ in the dimer induced by a photon-coupled parallel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Menghang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengjun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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4
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Zhou L, Ni H, Jiang Z, Qiang J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Lu P, Wen J, Lin K, Zhu M, Dörner R, Wu J. Ultrafast formation dynamics of D 3+ from the light-driven bimolecular reaction of the D 2-D 2 dimer. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1229-1235. [PMID: 37264104 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The light-driven formation of trihydrogen cation has been attracting considerable attention because of its important role as an initiator of chemical reactions in interstellar clouds. To understand the formation dynamics, most previous studies focused on creating H3+ or D3+ from unimolecular reactions of various organic molecules. Here we observe and characterize the ultrafast formation dynamics of D3+ from a bimolecular reaction, using pump-probe experiments that employ ultrashort laser pulses to probe its formation from a D2-D2 dimer. Our molecular dynamics simulations provide an intuitive representation of the reaction dynamics, which agree well with the experimental observation. We also show that the emission direction of D3+ can be controlled using a tailored two-colour femtosecond laser field. The underlying control mechanism is in line with what is known from the light control of electron localization in the bond breaking of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kang Lin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Gope K, Bittner DM, Strasser D. Sequential mechanism in H 3+ formation dynamics on the ethanol dication. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6979-6986. [PMID: 36804659 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03632k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Two- and three-body Coulomb explosion dynamics of isolated ethanol dications are studied via single-photon double-ionization with ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet pulses. The measured 3-body momentum correlations obtained via 3D coincidence imaging of the ionic products provide evidence for several concerted and sequential mechanisms: (1) a concerted 3-body breakup mechanism, with dominating channels such as CH3+ + COH+ + H2; (2) sequential dissociation in which the ejection of a low-kinetic-energy neutral OH precedes the Coulomb explosion of C2H52+ → CH3+ + CH2+; and (3) a sequential 3-body breakup mechanism that dominates H3+ formation from the ethanol dication via a mechanism that is different from the well-studied H3+ formation in the 2-body Coulomb explosion of the methanol dication. Furthermore, we report surprising branching ratios of the competing C-O bond dissociation channels, resulting in H3O+, H2O+ and OH+ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Gope
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Dror M Bittner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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6
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Gope K, Livshits E, Bittner DM, Baer R, Strasser D. An "inverse" harpoon mechanism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8084. [PMID: 36170355 PMCID: PMC9519053 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electron-transfer reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. The electrons' quantum nature allows their transfer across long distances. For example, in the well-known harpoon mechanism, electron transfer results in Coulombic attraction between initially neutral reactants, leading to a marked increase in the reaction rate. Here, we present a different mechanism in which electron transfer from a neutral reactant to a multiply charged cation results in strong repulsion that encodes the electron-transfer distance in the kinetic energy release. Three-dimensional coincidence imaging allows to identify such "inverse" harpoon products, predicted by nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to occur between H2 and HCOH2+ following double ionization of isolated methanol molecules. These dynamics are experimentally initiated by single-photon double ionization with ultrafast extreme ultraviolet pulses, produced by high-order harmonic generation. A detailed comparison of measured and simulated data indicates that while the relative probability of long-range electron-transfer events is correctly predicted, theory overestimates the electron-transfer distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Gope
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ester Livshits
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dror M. Bittner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Corresponding author. (R.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Corresponding author. (R.B.); (D.S.)
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7
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Bittner D, Gope K, Livshits E, Baer R, Strasser D. Sequential and concerted C-C and C-O bond dissociation in the Coulomb explosion of 2-propanol. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074309. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the competing mechanisms in the Coulomb explosion of 2-propanol dication, formed by an ultrafast EUV pulse. Over 20 product channels are identified and characterized using 3D coincidence imaging of the ionic fragments. The momentum correlations in the three-body fragmentation channels provide evidence for a dominant sequential mechanism, starting with cleavage of a C-C bond, ejecting and cations, followed by a secondary fragmentation of the hydroxyethyl cation that can be delayed for up to a microsecond after ionization. C-O bond dissociation channels are less frequent, involving proton-transfer and double-proton transfer, forming and products respectively and exhibiting mixed sequential and concerted character. These results can be explained by the high potential barrier for the C-O bond dissociation seen in our ab initio quantum chemical calculations. We also observe coincident COH+ + C2Hn+ ions, suggesting exotic structural rearrangements, starting from the Frank-Condon geometry of the neutral 2-propanol system. Remarkably, the relative yield of the product is suppressed compared with methanol and alkene dications. Ab initio potentials and ground-state molecular dynamics simulations show that a rapid and direct C-C bond cleavage dominates the Coulomb explosion process, leaving no time for roaming which is a necessary precursor to the formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Bittner
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus, Israel
| | | | - Ester Livshits
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Department of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus, Israel
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus, Israel
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8
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Das R, Pandey DK, Soumyashree S, P M, Nimma V, Bhardwaj P, K M MS, Singh DK, Kushawaha RK. Strong-field ionization of CH 3Cl: proton migration and association. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18306-18320. [PMID: 35880610 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of CH3Cl using femtosecond laser pulses, and the subsequent two-body dissociation of CH3Cl2+ along Hn+ (n = 1-3) and HCl+ forming pathways, have been experimentally studied in a home-built COLTRIMS (cold target recoil ion momentum spectrometer) setup. The single ionization rate of CH3Cl was obtained experimentally by varying the laser intensity from 1.6 × 1013 W cm-2 to 2.4 × 1014 W cm-2 and fitted with the rate obtained using the MO-ADK model. Additionally, the yield of Hn+ ions resulting from the dissociation of all charge states of CH3Cl was determined as a function of intensity and pulse duration (and chirp). Next, we identified four two-body breakup pathways of CH3Cl2+, which are H+ + CH2Cl+, H2+ + CHCl+, H3+ + CCl+, and CH2+ + HCl+, using photoion-photoion coincidence. The yields of the four pathways were found to decrease on increasing the intensity from I = 4.2 × 1013 W cm-2 to 2I = 8.5 × 1013 W cm-2, which was attributed to enhanced ionization of the dication before it can dissociate. As a function of pulse duration (and chirp), the Hn+ forming pathways were suppressed, while the HCl+ forming pathway was enhanced. To understand the excited state dynamics of the CH3Cl dication, which controls the outcome of dissociation, we obtained the total kinetic energy release distributions of the pathways and the two-dimensional coincidence momentum images and angular distributions of the fragments. We inferred that the Hn+ forming pathways originate from the dissociation of CH3Cl dications from weakly attractive metastable excited states having a long dissociation time, while for the HCl+ forming pathway, the dication dissociates from repulsive states and therefore, undergoes rapid dissociation. Finally, quantum chemical calculations have been performed to understand the intramolecular proton migration and dissociation of the CH3Cl dication along the pathways mentioned above. Our study explains the mechanism of Hn+ and HCl+ formation and confirms that intensity and pulse duration can serve as parameters to influence the excited state dynamics and hence, the outcome of the two-body dissociation of CH3Cl2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Deepak K Pandey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad-380026, India.
| | | | - Madhusudhan P
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Vinitha Nimma
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Pranav Bhardwaj
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | | | - Dheeraj K Singh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad-380026, India.
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9
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Jochim B, DeJesus L, Dantus M. Ultrafast disruptive probing: Simultaneously keeping track of tens of reaction pathways. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:033003. [PMID: 35365005 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast science depends on different implementations of the well-known pump-probe method. Here, we provide a formal description of ultrafast disruptive probing, a method in which the probe pulse disrupts a transient species that may be a metastable ion or a transient state of matter. Disruptive probing has the advantage of allowing for simultaneous tracking of the yield of tens of different processes. Our presentation includes a numerical model and experimental data on multiple products resulting from the strong-field ionization of two different molecules, partially deuterated methanol and norbornene. The correlated enhancement and depletion signals between all the different fragmentation channels offer comprehensive information on photochemical reaction pathways. In combination with ion imaging and/or coincidence momentum imaging or as complementary to atom-specific probing or ultrafast diffraction methods, disruptive probing is a particularly powerful tool for the study of strong-field laser-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Jochim
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Lindsey DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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10
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Basnayake G, Hoerner P, Mignolet B, Lee MK, Lin YF, Winney AH, Debrah DA, Popaj L, Shi X, Lee SK, Schlegel HB, Remacle F, Li W. Ellipticity controlled dissociative double ionization of ethane by strong fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23537-23543. [PMID: 34647554 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The yields of all dissociation channels of ethane dications produced by strong field double ionization were measured. It was found that the branching ratios can be controlled by varying the ellipticity of laser pulses. The CH3+ formation and H+ formation channels show a clear competition, producing the highest and lowest branching ratios at ellipticity of ∼0.6, respectively. With the help of theoretical calculations, such a control was attributed to the ellipticity dependent yields of different sequential ionization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Basnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Paul Hoerner
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Yun Fei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Alexander H Winney
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Duke A Debrah
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Leon Popaj
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Suk Kyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | | | - Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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11
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Anomalous formation of trihydrogen cations from water on nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3839. [PMID: 34158493 PMCID: PMC8219811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarded as the most important ion in interstellar chemistry, the trihydrogen cation, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{H}}}_{{{3}}}^{+}$$\end{document}H3+, plays a vital role in the formation of water and many complex organic molecules believed to be responsible for life in our universe. Apart from traditional plasma discharges, recent laboratory studies have focused on forming the trihydrogen cation from large organic molecules during their interactions with intense radiation and charged particles. In contrast, we present results on forming \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{H}}}_{{{3}}}^{+}$$\end{document}H3+ from bimolecular reactions that involve only an inorganic molecule, namely water, without the presence of any organic molecules to facilitate its formation. This generation of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{H}}}_{{{3}}}^{+}$$\end{document}H3+ is enabled by “engineering” a suitable reaction environment comprising water-covered silica nanoparticles exposed to intense, femtosecond laser pulses. Similar, naturally-occurring, environments might exist in astrophysical settings where hydrated nanometer-sized dust particles are impacted by cosmic rays of charged particles or solar wind ions. Our results are a clear manifestation of how aerosolized nanoparticles in intense femtosecond laser fields can serve as a catalysts that enable exotic molecular entities to be produced via non-traditional routes. The H3+ ion plays a key role in interstellar chemistry and can be formed from organic compounds upon interaction with charged particles or radiation. Here the authors demonstrate that H3+ can also be formed from water adsorbed on silica nanoparticles exposed to intense laser pulses, conditions that mimic the impact of charged particles on dust in astrophysical settings.
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Dash SR, Das T, Vanka K. Insights Into Chemical Reactions at the Beginning of the Universe: From HeH + to H 3. Front Chem 2021; 9:679750. [PMID: 34222195 PMCID: PMC8249737 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the Universe, the ions of the light elements produced in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis recombined with each other. In our present study, we have tried to mimic the conditions in the early Universe to show how the recombination process would have led to the formation of the first ever formed diatomic species of the Universe: HeH+, as well as the subsequent processes that would have led to the formation of the simplest triatomic species: H3 +. We have also studied some special cases: higher positive charge with fewer number of hydrogen atoms in a dense atmosphere, and the formation of unusual and interesting linear, dicationic He chains beginning from light elements He and H in a positively charged atmosphere. For all the simulations, the ab initio nanoreactor (AINR) dynamics method has been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Das R, Pandey DK, Nimma V, P M, Bhardwaj P, Chandravanshi P, Shameem K M M, Singh DK, Kushawaha RK. Strong-field ionization of polyatomic molecules: ultrafast H atom migration and bond formation in the photodissociation of CH 3OH. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:432-450. [PMID: 33576353 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization induces various complex phenomena like bond breaking, intramolecular hydrogen migration, and bond association in polyatomic molecules. The H-atom migration and bond formation in CH3OH induced by intense femtosecond laser pulses are investigated using a Velocity Map Imaging (VMI) spectrometer. Various laser parameters like intensity (1.5 × 1013 W cm-2-12.5 × 1013 W cm-2), pulse duration (29 fs and 195 fs), wavelength (800 nm and 1300 nm), and polarization (linear and circular) can serve as a quantum control for hydrogen migration and the yield of Hn+ (n = 1-3) ions which have been observed in this study. Further, in order to understand the ejection mechanism of the hydrogen molecular ions H2+ and H3+ from singly-ionized CH3OH, quantum chemical calculations were employed. The dissociation processes of CH3OH+ occurring by four dissociative channels to form CHO+ + H3, H3+ + CHO, CH2+ + H2O, and H2O+ + CH2 are studied. Using the combined approach of experiments and theory, we have successfully explained the mechanism of intramolecular hydrogen migration and predicted the dissociative channels of singly-ionized CH3OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India. and Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Deepak K Pandey
- Department of Physics, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management, Ahmedabad, 380026, India
| | | | - Madhusudhan P
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India. and Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pranav Bhardwaj
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India. and Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | | | | | - Dheeraj K Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management, Ahmedabad, 380026, India
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Livshits E, Luzon I, Gope K, Baer R, Strasser D. Time-resolving the ultrafast H 2 roaming chemistry and H 3+ formation using extreme-ultraviolet pulses. Commun Chem 2020; 3:49. [PMID: 36703393 PMCID: PMC9814522 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The time scales and formation mechanisms of tri-hydrogen cation products in organic molecule ionization processes are poorly understood, despite their cardinal role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium and in other chemical systems. Using an ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet pump and time-resolved near-IR probe, combined with high-level ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, here we report unambiguously that H3+ formation in double-ionization of methanol occurs on a sub 100 fs time scale, settling previous conflicting findings of strong-field Coulomb explosion experiments. Our combined experimental-computational studies suggest that ultrafast competition, between proton-transfer and long-range electron-transfer processes, determines whether the roaming neutral H2 dynamics on the dication result in [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] fragments respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Livshits
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Itamar Luzon
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Krishnendu Gope
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | - Daniel Strasser
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
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Ekanayake N, Severt T, Nairat M, Weingartz NP, Farris BM, Kaderiya B, Feizollah P, Jochim B, Ziaee F, Borne K, Raju P K, Carnes KD, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Levine BG, Jackson JE, Ben-Itzhak I, Dantus M. H 2 roaming chemistry and the formation of H 3+ from organic molecules in strong laser fields. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5186. [PMID: 30518927 PMCID: PMC6281587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Roaming mechanisms, involving the brief generation of a neutral atom or molecule that stays in the vicinity before reacting with the remaining atoms of the precursor, are providing valuable insights into previously unexplained chemical reactions. Here, the mechanistic details and femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of H3+ formation from a series of alcohols with varying primary carbon chain lengths are obtained through a combination of strong-field laser excitation studies and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. For small alcohols, four distinct pathways involving hydrogen migration and H2 roaming prior to H3+ formation are uncovered. Despite the increased number of hydrogens and possible combinations leading to H3+ formation, the yield decreases as the carbon chain length increases. The fundamental mechanistic findings presented here explore the formation of H3+, the most important ion in interstellar chemistry, through H2 roaming occurring in ionic species. H2 roaming is associated with H3+ formation when certain organic molecules are exposed to strong laser fields. Here, the mechanistic details and time-resolved dynamics of H3+ formation from a series of alcohols were obtained and found that the product yield decreases as the carbon chain length increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagitha Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas P Weingartz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin M Farris
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Balram Kaderiya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Peyman Feizollah
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Bethany Jochim
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kurtis Borne
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kanaka Raju P
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kevin D Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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16
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Ekanayake N, Nairat M, Kaderiya B, Feizollah P, Jochim B, Severt T, Berry B, Pandiri KR, Carnes KD, Pathak S, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Ben-Itzhak I, Mancuso CA, Fales BS, Jackson JE, Levine BG, Dantus M. Mechanisms and time-resolved dynamics for trihydrogen cation (H 3+) formation from organic molecules in strong laser fields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4703. [PMID: 28680157 PMCID: PMC5498647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong-field laser-matter interactions often lead to exotic chemical reactions. Trihydrogen cation formation from organic molecules is one such case that requires multiple bonds to break and form. We present evidence for the existence of two different reaction pathways for H3+ formation from organic molecules irradiated by a strong-field laser. Assignment of the two pathways was accomplished through analysis of femtosecond time-resolved strong-field ionization and photoion-photoion coincidence measurements carried out on methanol isotopomers, ethylene glycol, and acetone. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest the formation occurs via two steps: the initial formation of a neutral hydrogen molecule, followed by the abstraction of a proton from the remaining CHOH2+ fragment by the roaming H2 molecule. This reaction has similarities to the H2 + H2+ mechanism leading to formation of H3+ in the universe. These exotic chemical reaction mechanisms, involving roaming H2 molecules, are found to occur in the ~100 fs timescale. Roaming molecule reactions may help to explain unlikely chemical processes, involving dissociation and formation of multiple chemical bonds, occurring under strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagitha Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Balram Kaderiya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Peyman Feizollah
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Bethany Jochim
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Travis Severt
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Ben Berry
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Kanaka Raju Pandiri
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Kevin D Carnes
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Itzik Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Christopher A Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - B Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
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Nakai K, Kato T, Kono H, Yamanouchi K. Communication: long-lived neutral H2 in hydrogen migration within methanol dication. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:181103. [PMID: 24320247 DOI: 10.1063/1.4830397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ejection of triatomic hydrogen molecular ions HD2(+) and D3(+) from CD3OH(2+) is investigated by first-principle molecular dynamics simulation. Two C-D chemical bonds are found to be broken to form a neutral D2 moiety that vibrates, rotates, and moves for a relatively long period of time (20-330 fs) towards a transition state leading to the ejection of HD2(+) or D3(+). The formation of such a long-lived neutral D2 moiety within a hydrocarbon molecule interprets well the recent experimental findings of the long lifetime of doubly charged energized hydrocarbon molecules prior to the ejection of H3(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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18
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Kotsina N, Kaziannis S, Kosmidis C. Hydrogen migration in methanol studied under asymmetric fs laser irradiation. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Kaziannis S, Liontos I, Karras G, Corsi C, Bellini M, Kosmidis C. The ejection of triatomic molecular hydrogen ions H3+ produced by the interaction of benzene molecules with ultrafast laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:144308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3246832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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