The electronic structure of N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexane-diamino cobalt(II)

Tuning ligand electronics and peripheral substitution on cobalt salen complexes: structure and polymerisation activity

A series of cobalt salen complexes, where salen represents an N2O2 bis-Schiff-base bis-phenolate framework, are prepared, characterised and investigated for reversible-termination organometallic mediated radical polymerisation (RT-OMRP). The salen ligands contain a cyclohexane diimine bridge and systematically altered para-substituted phenoxide moieties as a method to examine the electronic impact of the ligand on complex structure and reactivity. The complexes are characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and computational methods. Structural studies all support a tailorable metal centre reactivity altered by the electron-donating ability of the salen ligand. RT-OMRP of styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate is reported and suggests that cobalt-carbon bond strength varies with the ligand substitution. Competing β-hydrogen abstraction affords long-chain olefin-terminated polymer chains and well controlled vinyl acetate polymerisations, contrasting with the lower temperature associative exchange mechanism of degenerative transfer OMRP.

Formation of a cobalt(III)-phenoxyl radical complex by acetic acid promoted aerobic oxidation of a Co(II)salen complex

The activation of N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexane-diamino Co(II), [Co(II)(1)], by the addition of acetic acid under aerobic conditions has been investigated by a range of spectroscopic techniques including continuous-wave EPR, HYSCORE, pulsed ENDOR, and resonance Raman. These measurements have revealed for the first time the formation of a coordinated cobalt(III)-bound phenoxyl radical labeled [Co(III)(1(*))(OAc)(n)](OAc)(m) (n = m = 1 or n = 2, m = 0). This cobalt(III)-bound phenoxyl radical is characterized by the following spin Hamiltonian parameters: g(x) = 2.0060, g(y) = 2.0031, g(z) = 1.9943, A(x) = 17 MHz, A(y) = 55 MHz, and A(z) = 14 MHz. Although the radical contains coordinated acetate(s), the experiments unambiguously proved that the phenoxyl radical is situated on ligand (1) as opposed to a phenoxyl radical ligated to cobalt in the axial position. Density functional theory computations on different models corroborate the stability of such a phenoxyl radical species and suggest the ligation of one or two acetate molecules to the complex. A mechanism is proposed, which accounts for the formation of this unusual and extremely robust phenoxyl radical, never previously observed for [Co(1)].