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Alnaanah SA, Mendes SB. Investigating the influence of solvent type and pH on protein adsorption onto silica surface by evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1089-1099. [PMID: 38512454 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the adsorption of various proteins onto solid-liquid interfaces, revealing the crucial role of buffer solutions in biological processes. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the buffer's influence on protein absorption onto fused silica is still lacking. This study employs evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) to assess the influence of buffer solutions and pH on the adsorption kinetics of three globular proteins: hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb), and cytochrome c (Cyt-C) onto fused silica. The EW-CRDS tool, with a ring-down time of 1.4 μ s and a minimum detectable absorbance of 1 × 10 - 6 , enabled precise optical measurements at solid-liquid interfaces. The three heme proteins' adsorption behavior was investigated at pH 7 in three different solvents: deionized (DI) water, tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). For each protein, the surface coverage, the adsorption and desorption constants, and the surface equilibrium constant were optically measured by our EW-CRDS tool. Depending on the nature of each solvent, the proteins showed a completely different adsorption trend on the silica surface. The adsorption of Mb on the silica surface was depressed in the presence of both Tris-HCl and PBS buffers compared with unbuffered (DI water) solutions. In contrast, Cyt-C adsorption appears to be relatively unaffected by the choice of buffer, as it involves strong electrostatic interactions with the surface. Notably, Hb exhibits an opposite trend, with enhanced protein adsorption in the presence of Tris-HCl and PBS buffer. The pH investigations demonstrated that the electrostatic interactions between the proteins and the surface had a major influence on protein adsorption on the silica surface, with adsorption being greatest when the pH values were around the protein's isoelectric point. This study demonstrated the ability of the highly sensitive EW-CRDS tool to study the adsorption events of the evanescent-field-confined protein species in real-time at low surface coverages with fast resolution, making it a valuable tool for studying biomolecule kinetics at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Alnaanah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics, Tafila Technical University, Al-Eis, Tafila, 66110, Jordan.
| | - Sergio B Mendes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
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Alnaanah SA, Roussel TJ, Ghithan JH, Qatamin AH, Irziqat MA, Telfah H, Liu J, Mendes SB. Electroactive Interface for Enabling Spectroelectrochemical Investigations in Evanescent-Wave Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11288-11296. [PMID: 32689790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the development of an electrically active solid-liquid interface for the evanescent-wave cavity-ring-down spectroscopic (EW-CRDS) technique to enable spectroelectrochemical investigations of redox events. Because of a high-quality transparent conductive electrode film of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on the interface of total internal reflection of the EW-CRDS platform, a cavity ring-down time of about 900 ns was obtained allowing spectroelectrochemical studies at solid-liquid interfaces. As a proof-of-concept on the capabilities of the developed platform, measurements were performed to address the effects of an applied electric potential to the adsorption behavior of the redox protein cytochrome c (Cyt-C) onto different interfaces, namely, bare-ITO, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and Cyt-C antibody. For each interface, the adsorption and desorption constants, the surface equilibrium constant, the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, and the surface coverage were optically measured by our electrically active EW-CRDS tool. Optical measurements at a set of constant discrete values of the applied electric potential were acquired for kinetic adsorption analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans under synchronous optical readout were performed to study the effects of each molecular interface on the redox process of surface-adsorbed protein species. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the ability of the electro-active EW-CRDS platform to unambiguously measure electrode-driven redox events of surface-confined molecular species at low submonolayer coverages and at a single diffraction-limited spot. Such capability is expected to open several opportunities for the EW-CRDS technique to investigate a variety of electrochemical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Alnaanah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Thomas J Roussel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Jafar H Ghithan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Aymen H Qatamin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Mohammed A Irziqat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Hamzeh Telfah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Sergio B Mendes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
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Quiroga MC, Benavidez T, Yudi L, Baruzzi A, Vogelsang M, Jones H, Santos E. Evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy applied to electrochemical ion transfer at liquid–liquid interfaces. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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O'Connell MA, de Cuendias A, Gayet F, Shirley IM, Mackenzie SR, Haddleton DM, Unwin PR. Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) as a probe of macromolecule adsorption kinetics at functionalized interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6902-6910. [PMID: 22489550 DOI: 10.1021/la3006053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) has been employed to study the interfacial adsorption kinetics of coumarin-tagged macromolecules onto a range of functionalized planar surfaces. Such studies are valuable in designing polymers for complex systems where the degree of interaction between the polymer and surface needs to be tailored. Three tagged synthetic polymers with different functionalities are examined: poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, potassium salt) (PSPMA), and a mannose-modified glycopolymer. Adsorption transients at the silica/water interface are found to be characteristic for each polymer, and kinetics are deduced from the initial rates. The chemistry of the adsorption interfaces has been varied by, first, manipulation of silica surface chemistry via the bulk pH, followed by surfaces modified by poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) and cellulose, giving five chemically different surfaces. Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging has been used for additional surface characterization of adsorbed layers and functionalized interfaces to allow adsorption rates to be interpreted more fully. Adsorption rates for PSPMA and the glycopolymer are seen to be highly surface sensitive, with significantly higher rates on cellulose-modified surfaces, whereas PAA shows a much smaller rate dependence on the nature of the adsorption surface.
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Siebenhofer B, Gorelik S, Sadovoy AV, Lear MJ, Song HY, Nowak C, Hobley J. Photoconversion of Spiropyran to Merocyanine in a Monolayer Observed Using Nanosecond Pump-Probe Brewster Angle Reflectometry. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new apparatus for nanosecond-time-resolved Brewster angle reflectometry is described that can be used to measure transient angle-resolved reflectivity changes in thin films and monolayers in a single pulsed laser shot. In order to achieve this, a cylindrical lens is placed in the probe beam path replacing the goniometer that is usually used for angular scanning in other systems. Using two synchronized nanosecond pulsed lasers in pump-probe configuration it is possible to measure the kinetics of photoinduced conformational changes by altering the delay between pump and probe pulses. The system was used to observe nanosecond time-resolved photodynamics in a spiropyran monolayer at the air-water interface. After UV excitation the spiropyran converted to its merocyanine form in two stages. The first stage occurred with a timescale close to the instrument time resolution (tens of nanoseconds) whereas the second stage occurred over a few hundred nanoseconds.
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Schnippering M, Neil SRT, Mackenzie SR, Unwin PR. Evanescent wave cavity-based spectroscopic techniques as probes of interfacial processes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:207-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Haselberg R, van der Sneppen L, Ariese F, Ubachs W, Gooijer C, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Effectiveness of charged noncovalent polymer coatings against protein adsorption to silica surfaces studied by evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10172-8. [PMID: 19921852 DOI: 10.1021/ac902128n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein adsorption to silica surfaces is a notorious problem in analytical separations. Evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were employed to investigate the capability of positively charged polymer coatings to minimize the adsorption of basic proteins. Adsorption of cytochrome c (cyt c) to silica coated with a single layer of polybrene (PB), or a triple layer of PB, dextran sulfate (DS), and PB, was studied and compared to bare silica. Direct analysis of silica surfaces by EW-CRDS revealed that both coatings effectively reduce irreversible protein adsorption. Significant adsorption was observed only for protein concentrations above 400 microM, whereas the PB-DS-PB coating was shown to be most effective and stable. CE analyses of cyt c were performed with and without the respective coatings applied to the fused-silica capillary wall. Monitoring of the electroosmotic flow and protein peak areas indicated a strong reduction of irreversible protein adsorption by the positively charged coatings. Determination of the electrophoretic mobility and peak width of cyt c revealed reversible protein adsorption to the PB coating. It is concluded that the combination of results from EW-CRDS and CE provides highly useful information on the adsorptive characteristics of bare and coated silica surfaces toward basic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Haselberg
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Gorelik S, Hongyan S, Lear MJ, Hobley J. Transient Brewster angle reflectometry of spiropyran monolayers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:141-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van der Sneppen L, Hancock G, Kaminski C, Laurila T, Mackenzie SR, Neil SRT, Peverall R, Ritchie GAD, Schnippering M, Unwin PR. Following interfacial kinetics in real time using broadband evanescent wave cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy: a comparison of light-emitting diodes and supercontinuum sources. Analyst 2010; 135:133-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b916712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen MS, Fan HF, Lin KC. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigation of Rhodamine B Adsorption at Solid/Solvent Interfaces by Use of Evanescent-Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 82:868-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Karaiskou A, Papadakis V, Loppinet B, Rakitzis TP. Cavity ring-down ellipsometry. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3236819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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