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Boydas EB, Roemelt M. The trials and triumphs of modelling X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39015952 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the electronic structure of Co, Fe and Mn phthalocyanines (TMPcs) as well as their perfluorinated counterparts through a series of electronic structure calculations utilizing multireference methods and by simulating their metal L-edge and ligand (nitrogen and fluorine) K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) in an angle-resolved manner. Simulations targeting different ground-state symmetries, where relevant, have been conducted to observe changes in the N K-edge lineshape. The applicability of the quasi-degenerate formulation of n-electron valence state perturbation theory (QD-NEVPT2) for L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is evaluated, alongside the use of a restricted active space (RAS) formalism to describe the final-state multiplets generated by L-shell X-ray processes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the electronic properties of TMPcs, in particular with respect to the effect of fluorination, and demonstrate the broad applicability of various formulations of NEVPT2 in spectral simulations. Moreover, this study highlights the utility of manual truncation of the configuration spaces in order to allow for large active orbital spaces in aforementioned calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Birsen Boydas
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Pagenkopf F, Müller E, Knupfer M. Electronic excitations of manganese phthalocyanine molecules. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Müller
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Rückerl F, Waas D, Büchner B, Knupfer M, Zahn DRT, Haidu F, Hahn T, Kortus J. Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1601-1615. [PMID: 28884064 PMCID: PMC5550819 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) is a member of the family of transition-metal phthalocyanines, which combines interesting electronic behavior in the fields of organic and molecular electronics with local magnetic moments. MnPc is characterized by hybrid states between the Mn 3d orbitals and the π orbitals of the ligand very close to the Fermi level. This causes particular physical properties, different from those of the other phthalocyanines, such as a rather small ionization potential, a small band gap and a large electron affinity. These can be exploited to prepare particular compounds and interfaces with appropriate partners, which are characterized by a charge transfer from or to MnPc. We summarize recent spectroscopic and theoretical results that have been achieved in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Waas
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Francisc Haidu
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Torsten Hahn
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
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Sun X, Du J. A DFT study of 3d (d1–d10) transition-metal phthalocyanines (TMPcs): Bonding natures, electronic adsorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structures, electronic properties, bonding characters and UV–Vis spectra of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) transition-metal phthalocyanines (TMPcs) molecules have been studied with different density function theory (DFT) methods. The calculated structural parameters agree well with previous experimental or theoretical values. Natural Population Analysis (NPA) charge revealed that [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] hybridizations occur when [Formula: see text] TM atoms are involved in chemical bondings. The spin magnetic moments of TMPcs are mainly from the contribution of [Formula: see text] electrons. Conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) results indicate that [Formula: see text] TMPcs molecules are willing to accept further electrons. The TM–N chemical bonds show very weak covalent nature, and are consistent with bond order analyses. Time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations were carried out to simulate the UV–Vis spectra, and corresponding electronic transfers for dominant peaks were also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Jiguang Du
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Waas D, Rückerl F, Knupfer M, Büchner B. Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C 60. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:927-932. [PMID: 28546887 PMCID: PMC5433147 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the energy-level alignment at organic heterojunctions made of manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) and the fullerene C60. We show that this energy-level alignment depends upon the preparation sequence, which is explained by different molecular orientations. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MnPc/C60 interfaces are hardly suited for application in organic photovoltaic devices, since the energy difference of the two lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) is rather small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Waas
- IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Wallace AJ, Williamson BE, Crittenden DL. CASSCF-based explicit ligand field models clarify the ground state electronic structures of transition metal phthalocyanines (MPc; M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multireference electronic structure methods are used to assign ground state electronic configurations for a series of metallophthalocyanines. Ligand orbital occupancies remain constant across the period and are consistent with a formal 2– charge on the ligand. The d electron configurations of some metallophthalocyanines are straightforward and can be unambiguously assigned, (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)2,2( [Formula: see text])2([Formula: see text])n, with n = 2, 1, 0, respectively, for ZnPc, CuPc, and NiPc. Controversies over ground state electronic structure assignments for other metallophthalocyanines arise due to multiple complicating factors: accidental near-degeneracies, environmental effects, and different ligand field models used in interpreting experimental spectra. We demonstrate that explicit ligand field models provide more reliable and consistent interpretations of experimental data than implicit, parameterized alternatives. On this basis, we assign gas-phase electronic ground states for MnPc, (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)1,1([Formula: see text])1 and CoPc, (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)2,2([Formula: see text])1, and show that the ground state of FePc cannot be resolved to a single state, with two near-degenerate states that are likely spin-orbit coupled: (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)1,1( [Formula: see text])2 and (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)2,1([Formula: see text])1. Remaining differences between computational predictions and experimental observations are small and may be ascribed primarily to environmental effects but are also partly due to incomplete modelling of electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Bryce E. Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Deborah L. Crittenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Rückerl F, Mahns B, Dodbiba E, Nikolis V, Herzig M, Büchner B, Knupfer M, Hahn T, Kortus J. Electronic properties of the charge transfer material MnPc/F4TCNQ. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rückerl
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mahns
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eni Dodbiba
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileios Nikolis
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Herzig
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Knupfer
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, P.O. Box 270116, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Hahn
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, DE-09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, DE-09596 Freiberg, Germany
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Lindner S, Mahns B, König A, Roth F, Knupfer M, Friedrich R, Hahn T, Kortus J. Phthalocyanine dimers in a blend: Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of MnPcδ +/F16CoPcδ −. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:024707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4774060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kroll T, Kraus R, Schönfelder R, Aristov VY, Molodtsova OV, Hoffmann P, Knupfer M. Transition metal phthalocyanines: Insight into the electronic structure from soft x-ray spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:054306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4738754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mahns B, Roth F, Grobosch M, Zahn DRT, Knupfer M. Electronic excitations of potassium intercalated manganese phthalocyanine investigated by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:194504. [PMID: 21599070 DOI: 10.1063/1.3591347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Identification of the electronic states of manganese phthalocyanine close to the Fermi level. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen X, Sun L, Benassi E, Shen Z, Zhao X, Sanvito S, Hou S. Spin filter effect of manganese phthalocyanine contacted with single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:054703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shen X, Sun L, Yi Z, Benassi E, Zhang R, Shen Z, Sanvito S, Hou S. Spin transport properties of 3d transition metal(ii) phthalocyanines in contact with single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10805-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c002301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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