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Glaser T, Adamkiewicz A, Heep J, Höfer U, Dürr M. Chemoselective Adsorption of Allyl Ethers on Si(001): How the Interaction between Two Functional Groups Controls the Reactivity and Final Products of a Surface Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7168-7174. [PMID: 38967830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Selective adsorption of multifunctional molecules is rarely observed when the different functional groups react via nonactivated reaction channels. Although the latter is also the case for ether cleavage and the adsorption of C=C double bonds on the highly reactive Si(001) surface, we find that allyl ethers, which combine both functional groups, react on Si(001) selectively via the cleavage of the molecules' ether group. In addition, our XPS measurements at 90, 150, and 300 K indicate an increased reactivity of the ether group when compared to monofunctional ethers. STM investigations furthermore reveal different final adsorption configurations after ether cleavage of allyl methyl ether when compared to diethyl ether as the monofunctional reference molecule. The interaction of the two functional groups in one molecule thus leads to new reaction channels with higher reactivity for ether cleavage on Si(001). As a further consequence, the reactivity of the C=C double bond is suppressed up to room temperature, leading to the observed selective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexa Adamkiewicz
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Heep
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Dong C, Cao L, Xu X, Tao X, Zhu G. Atom-Economical Synthesis of Lewis Acidic Boron Containing Porous Organic Polymers via Hydroboration Polymerization for Basic Chemical Capture. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301302. [PMID: 38050926 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Atom economy is one of the main concerns for material synthesis. Here, the facile synthesis of Lewis acidic boron-containing porous organic polymers (B-POPs) via hydroboration polymerization reaction of commercially available borane dimethyl sulfide complex (BH3 ∙SMe2 ) with multi-alkynes under mild reaction conditions is presented. This new synthetic method for B-POPs has the advantage of high atom economy. The resulted porous alkenyl borane polymers (PABPs) have unique features such as high boron content, strong Lewis acidity, and high surface areas. Owing to the strong Lewis acid-base interactions, PABPs exhibit excellent adsorptive capacity toward triethylamine (up to 841 mg g-1 ) and pyridine (up to 1396 mg g-1 ) vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Linzhu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xinmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Alkyne-Functionalized Cyclooctyne on Si(001): Reactivity Studies and Surface Bonding from an Energy Decomposition Analysis Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216653. [PMID: 34771062 PMCID: PMC8586998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity and bonding of an ethinyl-functionalized cyclooctyne on Si(001) is studied by means of density functional theory. This system is promising for the organic functionalization of semiconductors. Singly bonded adsorption structures are obtained by [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of the cyclooctyne or ethinyl group with the Si(001) surface. A thermodynamic preference for adsorption with the cyclooctyne group in the on-top position is found and traced back to minimal structural deformation of the adsorbate and surface with the help of energy decomposition analysis for extended systems (pEDA). Starting from singly bonded structures, a plethora of reaction paths describing conformer changes and consecutive reactions with the surface are discussed. Strongly exothermic and exergonic reactions to doubly bonded structures are presented, while small reaction barriers highlight the high reactivity of the studied organic molecule on the Si(001) surface. Dynamic aspects of the competitive bonding of the functional groups are addressed by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Several trajectories for the doubly bonded structures are obtained in agreement with calculations using the nudged elastic band approach. However, our findings disagree with the experimental observations of selective adsorption by the cyclooctyne moiety, which is critically discussed.
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Glaser T, Meinecke J, Länger C, Luy JN, Tonner R, Koert U, Dürr M. Combined XPS and DFT investigation of the adsorption modes of methyl enol ether functionalized cyclooctyne on Si(001). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:404-409. [PMID: 33259128 PMCID: PMC7986196 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of methyl enol ether functionalized cyclooctyne on the silicon (001) surface was investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT). Three different groups of final states were identified; all of them bind on Si(001) via the strained triple bond of cyclooctyne but they differ in the configuration of the methyl enol ether group. The majority of molecules adsorbs without additional reaction of the enol ether group; the relative contribution of this configuration to the total coverage depends on substrate temperature and coverage. Further configurations include enol ether groups which reacted on the silicon surface either via ether cleavage or enol ether groups which transformed on the surface into a carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jannick Meinecke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Germany
| | - Christian Länger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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Zhao Z, Das S, Xing G, Fayon P, Heasman P, Jay M, Bailey S, Lambert C, Yamada H, Wakihara T, Trewin A, Ben T, Qiu S, Valtchev V. A 3D Organically Synthesized Porous Carbon Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Pierre Fayon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Patrick Heasman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Michael Jay
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Steven Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Abbie Trewin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Teng Ben
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Shilun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
- Laboratoire Catalyse & Spectrochimie; Université de Caen-ENSICAEN-CNRS; Caen France
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Zhao Z, Das S, Xing G, Fayon P, Heasman P, Jay M, Bailey S, Lambert C, Yamada H, Wakihara T, Trewin A, Ben T, Qiu S, Valtchev V. A 3D Organically Synthesized Porous Carbon Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11952-11956. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Pierre Fayon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Patrick Heasman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Michael Jay
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Steven Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Abbie Trewin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Lancaster University; Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Teng Ben
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Shilun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
- Laboratoire Catalyse & Spectrochimie; Université de Caen-ENSICAEN-CNRS; Caen France
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Man Y, Guo P. Dissociative adsorption of 3-chloropropyne on Si(111)-(7 × 7): binding and structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1868-1874. [PMID: 23327651 DOI: 10.1021/la304018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To achieve silicon functionalization for the development of hybrid devices, multifunctional molecules may be employed to attach to the silicon surfaces. It is important to get a fundamental understanding about the molecule/silicon interface chemistry and the binding configuration. The surface chemistry of 3-chloropropyne (HC≡C-CH(2)Cl) on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface, as a model system for understanding the interaction of the multifunctional molecules with a silicon surface, was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and density functional theory (DFT). The 3-chloropropyne adsorbs molecularly on the silicon surface at 110 K. A chemical reaction clearly occurs such that 3-choloropropyne bonds onto the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface at room temperature by forming C-Si linkage through the cleavage of C-Cl bond, and preserving the ethyne C≡C triple bond. This functionalized silicon surface may act as an intermediate for the growth of multiple organic layers by further attaching other functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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González-Domínguez JM, Castell P, Bespín-Gascón S, Ansón-Casaos A, Díez-Pascual AM, Gómez-Fatou MA, Benito AM, Maser WK, Martínez MT. Covalent functionalization of MWCNTs with poly(p-phenylene sulphide) oligomers: a route to the efficient integration through a chemical approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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