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Maret PD, Sasikumar D, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Chiral Bis(perylenediimide) Probed at Ensemble and Single-Molecule Levels. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8667-8675. [PMID: 37733055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecular assemblies exhibiting symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) are potential candidates for the development of chiral organic semiconductors. Herein, we explore the excited-state dynamics of a helically chiral perylenediimide bichromophore (Cy-PDI2) exhibiting SB-CS at the ensemble and single-molecule levels. Solvent polarity-tunable interchromophoric excitonic coupling in chiral Cy-PDI2 facilitates the interplay of SB-CS and excimer formation in the ensemble domain. Analogous to the excited-state dynamics of Cy-PDI2 at the ensemble level, single-molecule fluorescence lifetime traces of Cy-PDI2 depicted long-lived off-states characteristic of the radical ion pair-mediated dark states. The discrete electron transfer and charge separation dynamics in Cy-PDI2 at the single-molecule level are governed by the distinct influence of the local environment. The present study aims at understanding the fundamental excited-state dynamics in chiral organic bichromophores for designing efficient chiral organic semiconductors and applications toward charge transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Hauschildt SJ, Wu Z, Uersfeld D, Schmid P, Götz C, Engel V, Engels B, Müllen K, Basché T. Excitation localization in a trimeric perylenediimide macrocycle: Synthesis, theory, and single molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hauschildt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Uersfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Schmid
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Götz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Mitsui M, Takakura Y, Hirata K, Niihori Y, Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi K. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Multiple Multipolar Chromophore Probed by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9950-9959. [PMID: 34455782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state symmetry breaking (ESB) has attracted much attention because it is often observed in symmetric multipolar chromophores designed as two-photon absorption/emission materials. Herein, we report an ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy investigation of ESB in hexakis[4-(p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenylethynyl]benzene(DB6), a two-photon absorber possessing a C6-symmetric π-D6 structure (π = hexaethynylbenzene, D = (p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenyl group) consisting of three equivalent D-π-D moieties. Ensemble and single-molecule measurements and theoretical calculations revealed that DB6 undergoes a photoabsorption process with two orthogonal transition dipole moments, whereas it fluoresces with a single transition dipole moment after one- or two-step ESB upon photoexcitation, depending on the environmental polarity. In nonpolar solvents and polymer films, one of the three D-π-D sites becomes planar, and the excited state is localized on this moiety: a [Dδ+-πδ--Dδ+]* quadrupolar state is formed. In polar solvents, the symmetry is further broken within the planarized D-π-D moiety, and the excited state is localized on one of the two D-π sites; i.e., a D-[πδ--Dδ+]* dipolar state is generated. Hence, DB6 can behave like a multichromophore with multiple emission sites in the molecule, which was demonstrated by stepwise photobleaching under photon antibunching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takakura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Issac A, Hildner R, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Stepwise decrease of fluorescence versus sequential photobleaching in a single multichromophoric system. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1708-1717. [PMID: 24444041 DOI: 10.1021/nn4060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For individual molecules from the newly synthesized calix[4]arene tethered perylene bisimide (PBI) trimer, we studied the emitted fluorescence intensity as a function of time. Owing to the zigzag arrangement of PBI dyes in these trimers, the polarization state of the emission provides directly information about the emitting subunit within the trimer. Interestingly, we observed emission from all neutral subunits within a trimer rather than exclusively from the subunit with the lowest site energy. This can be understood in terms of thermally activated uphill energy transfer that repopulates the higher energetic chromophores. Together with the simultaneously recorded polarization-resolved emission spectra, this reveals that the emission from a multichromophoric system is governed by a complex interplay between the temporal variations of the photophysical parameters of the subunits, bidirectional hopping processes within the trimer, and unavoidable photobleaching. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the typically observed stepwise decrease of the signal from a multichromophoric system does not necessarily reflect sequential bleaching of the individual chromophores within the macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abey Issac
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Selig U, Nuernberger P, Dehm V, Settels V, Gsänger M, Engels B, Würthner F, Brixner T. Similarities and Differences in the Optical Response of Perylene-Based Hetero-Bichromophores and Their Monomeric Units. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1413-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Orlov SV, Naumov AV, Vainer YG, Kador L. Spectrally resolved analysis of fluorescence blinking of single dye molecules in polymers at low temperatures. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4766321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bahng HW, Yoon MC, Lee JE, Murase Y, Yoneda T, Shinokubo H, Osuka A, Kim D. Ensemble and Single-Molecule Spectroscopic Study on Excitation Energy Transfer Processes in 1,3-Phenylene-Linked Perylenebisimide Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1244-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208855u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Bahng
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Min-Chul Yoon
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yuichi Murase
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Issac A, Hildner R, Ernst D, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Single molecule studies of calix[4]arene-linked perylene bisimide dimers: relationship between blinking, lifetime and/or spectral fluctuations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10789-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41250k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Spreitler F, Sommer M, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. Conformational dynamics of di-(perylene bisimide acrylate) and its footprints in steady-state, time-resolved, and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7971-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Unterkofler S, Pflock T, Southall J, Cogdell RJ, Köhler J. Fluorescence Blinking of the RC–LH1 Complex from
Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:711-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Unterkofler
- Experimental Physics IV
- Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany), Fax: (+49) 921 55 4002
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Division for Photonics and New Materials, Günther‐Scharowsky‐Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
| | - Tobias Pflock
- Experimental Physics IV
- Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany), Fax: (+49) 921 55 4002
| | - June Southall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA (UK)
| | - Richard J. Cogdell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA (UK)
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV
- Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany), Fax: (+49) 921 55 4002
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