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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Li L. Fabrication of PVDF/graphene composites with enhanced β phase via conventional melt processing assisted by solid state shear milling technology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3391-3401. [PMID: 35497758 PMCID: PMC9048443 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09459h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-phase crystal, which decides the final electric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), is extremely difficult to obtain via conventional melt processing due to its thermal instability. In this work, with the assistance of our independently developed solid state shear milling (S3M) technology, which could provide multiple stresses and form a micro-stretching field on PVDF to promote the transformation of more α phase to β phase, PVDF/graphene (PVDF/GP) composite with relatively higher β phase (42.2%), higher than that directly prepared by melt blending without S3M (33.0%), and dielectric properties was achieved through conventional melt extrusion and injection. When the GP content was 1.0 wt%, the dielectric constant of the composite was 465 at 1000 Hz, about 42 times that of pure PVDF. The special squeezing and shearing forces of S3M also realized the exfoliation of GP as well as the solid grafting of GP layers on PVDF molecules, improving the dispersion of GP layers in PVDF and making them effectively exert their heterogeneous nucleation as well as enhancement effects on PVDF, thus increasing the crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites. With the assistance of our independently developed solid state shear milling (S3M) technology, PVDF/GP composite with relatively high β phase (42.2%), higher than that directly gotten by melt blending (33.0%), were achieved via common melt process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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2
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Multifunctional Nano-engineered Polymer Surfaces with Enhanced Mechanical Resistance and Superhydrophobicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43450. [PMID: 28262672 PMCID: PMC5337973 DOI: 10.1038/srep43450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a multifunctional polymer surface that provides superhydrophobicity and self–cleaning functions together with an enhancement in mechanical and electrical performance. These functionalities are produced by nanoimprinting high aspect ratio pillar arrays on polymeric matrix incorporating functional reinforcing elements. Two distinct matrix-filler systems are investigated specifically, Carbon Nanotube reinforced Polystyrene (CNT-PS) and Reduced Graphene Oxide reinforced Polyvinylidene Difluoride (RGO-PVDF). Mechanical characterization of the topographies by quantitative nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests are performed to evidence a considerable increase in stiffness, Young’s modulus and critical failure load with respect to the pristine polymers. The improvement on the mechanical properties is rationalized in terms of effective dispersion and penetration of the fillers into the imprinted structures as determined by confocal Raman and SEM studies. In addition, an increase in the degree of crystallization for the PVDF-RGO imprinted nanocomposite possibly accounts for the larger enhancement observed. Improvement of the mechanical ruggedness of functional textured surfaces with appropriate fillers will enable the implementation of multifunctional nanotextured materials in real applications.
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Zhang C, Li L, Wang X, Xue G. Stabilization of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanofibers with Core–Shell Structures Confined in AAO Templates by the Balance between Geometric Curvature, Interfacial Interactions, and Cooling Rate. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing
National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Linling Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing
National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing
National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing
National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Smith MK, Singh V, Kalaitzidou K, Cola BA. High Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Template Fabricated P3HT/MWCNT Composite Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14788-14794. [PMID: 27200459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous alumina membranes are filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and then poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) melt, resulting in nanofibers with nanoconfinement induced coalignment of both MWCNT and polymer chains. The simple sonication process proposed here can achieve vertically aligned arrays of P3HT/MWCNT composite nanofibers with 3 wt % to 55 wt % MWCNT content, measured using thermogravimetric methods. Electrical and thermal transport in the composite nanofibers improves drastically with increasing carbon nanotube content where nanofiber thermal conductivity peaks at 4.7 ± 1.1 Wm(-1)K(-1) for 24 wt % MWCNT and electrical percolation occurs once 20 wt % MWCNT content is surpassed. This is the first report of the thermal conductivity of template fabricated composite nanofibers and the first proposed processing technique to enable template fabrication of composite nanofibers with high filler content and long aspect ratio fillers, where enhanced properties can also be realized on the macroscale due to vertical alignment of the nanofibers. These materials are interesting for thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivity and temperature stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Smith
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Virendra Singh
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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5
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Salsamendi M, Ballard N, Sanz B, Asua JM, Mijangos C. Polymerization kinetics of a fluorinated monomer under confinement in AAO nanocavities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the polymerization kinetics of a fluorinated acrylic monomer under confinement into AAO nanocavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Salsamendi
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country EHU-UPV
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country EHU-UPV
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Belén Sanz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country EHU-UPV
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country EHU-UPV
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros
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6
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Maiz J, Zhao W, Gu Y, Lawrence J, Arbe A, Alegría A, Emrick T, Colmenero J, Russell TP, Mijangos C. Dynamic study of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer in bulk and confined in cylindrical nanopores. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Achieving β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) from melt cooling: Effect of surface functionalized carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Giussi JM, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Cortizo MS, Mijangos C. In-situ polymerization of styrene in AAO nanocavities. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Giussi JM, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Allegretti PE, Cortizo MS, Mijangos C. Tautomerizable styrenic copolymers confined in AAO templates. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Hernández M, Mijangos C. One Dimensional PMMA Nanofibers from AAO Templates. Evidence of Confinement Effects by Dielectric and Raman Analysis. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400173q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianella Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Martín-Fabiani I, García-Gutiérrez MC, Rueda DR, Linares A, Hernández JJ, Ezquerra TA, Reynolds M. Crystallization under one-dimensional confinement in alumina nanopores of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and its composites with single wall carbon nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5324-5329. [PMID: 23683091 DOI: 10.1021/am401194p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of semicrystalline polymer nanorods of PTT and of its nanocomposites with SWCNTs by infiltration of the molten polymer into disordered anodic alumina membranes. An accurate study of the crystalline orientation of these systems has been accomplished by means of X-ray microdiffraction. While polymer residual film exhibits isotropic character, edge-on lamellae are formed upon approaching the polymer/membrane interface. This effect might be due to the elongational flow that takes place in the molten state as polymer chains infiltrate the AAO membrane. At the interface, edge-on and flat-on crystalline lamellae coexist as a consequence of the strong interaction between the polymer and the AAO surface. Inside the nanopores, the confined environment induces a kinetic selection of polymer crystals which only allows the growth of crystalline lamellae with its a-axis parallel to that of the pore. In the case of PTT/SWCNT nanocomposites, this effect, in conjunction with the strong interaction between polymer and AAO surface, seems to prevail over the templating effect of the carbon nanotubes and a similar orientation to that of the neat PTT case is observed.
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Maiz J, Martin J, Mijangos C. Confinement effects on the crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12296-12303. [PMID: 22834683 DOI: 10.1021/la302675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show the effects of nanoconfinement on the crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanotubes embedded in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The morphological characteristics of the hollow 1D PEO nanostructures were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallization of the PEO nanostructures and bulk was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The crystallization of PEO nanotubes studied by DSC is strongly influenced by the confinement showing a strong reduction in the crystallization temperature of the polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments confirmed the isothermal crystallization results obtained by DSC, and studies carried out at low temperatures showed the absence of crystallites oriented with the extended chains perpendicular to the pore wall within the PEO nanotubes, which has been shown to be the typical crystal orientation for one-dimensional polymer nanostructures. In contrast, only planes oriented 33, 45, and 90° with respect to the plane (120) are arranged parallel to the pore's main axis, indicating preferential crystal growth in the direction of the radial component. Calculations based on classical nucleation theory suggest that heterogeneous nucleation prevails in the bulk PEO whereas for the PEO nanotubes a surface nucleation mechanism is more consistent with the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Maiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Tailored polymer-based nanorods and nanotubes by "template synthesis": From preparation to applications. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Maiz J, Sacristán J, Mijangos C. Monitoring the Thermal Elimination of Infiltrated Polymer from AAO Templates: An Exhaustive Characterization after Polymer Extraction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200826x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polimeros, CSIC c/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jon Maiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polimeros, CSIC c/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Javier Sacristán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polimeros, CSIC c/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polimeros, CSIC c/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
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