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Abundance of molecular triple ionization by double Auger decay. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16405. [PMID: 30401877 PMCID: PMC6219609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic measurements of electron emission following formation of single 1s or 2p core holes in molecules with C, O, F, Si, S and Cl atoms show that overall triple ionization can make up as much as 20% of the decay. The proportion of triple ionization is observed to follow a linear trend correlated to the number of available valence electrons on the atom bearing the initial core hole and on closest neighbouring atoms, where the interatomic distance is assumed to play a large role. The amounts of triple ionization (double Auger decay) after 1s or 2p core hole formation follow the same linear trend, which indicates that the hole identity is not a crucial determining factor in the number of electrons emitted. The observed linear trend for the percentage of double Auger decay follows a predictive line equation of the form DA = 0.415 · Nve + 5.46.
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Roos AH, Eland JHD, Andersson J, Zagorodskikh S, Singh R, Squibb RJ, Feifel R. Relative extent of double and single Auger decay in molecules containing C, N and O atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:25705-25710. [PMID: 27711372 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the proportion of double Auger decay following creation of single 1s core holes in molecules containing C, N and O atoms is greater than usually assumed, amounting to about 10% of single Auger decay in many cases. It varies from molecule to molecule, where the size of the molecule has a positive correlation to the amount of double Auger decay. In neon, examined as a related benchmark, the proportion of double Auger decay is similar to that in methane, and is in the order of 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hult Roos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - J Andersson
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - S Zagorodskikh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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On the triple ionization for vacancy in the core level using diffusion Monte Carlo. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Zaag AS, Yazidi O, Jaidane NE, Ross MW, Castleman AW, Al Mogren MM, Linguerri R, Hochlaf M. Structure, Reactivity, and Fragmentation of Small Multi-Charged Methane Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1669-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sanaa Zaag
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - O. Yazidi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N.-E. Jaidane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis Al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M. W. Ross
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry
and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M. M. Al Mogren
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty
of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Linguerri
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Laboratoire Modélisation
et Simulation Multi-Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
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Kivimäki A, Sankari A, Kettunen JA, Stråhlman C, Álvarez Ruiz J, Richter R. Field ionization of high-Rydberg fragments produced after inner-shell photoexcitation and photoionization of the methane molecule. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114305. [PMID: 26395703 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the production of neutral high-Rydberg (HR) fragments from the CH4 molecule at the C 1s → 3p excitation and at the C 1s ionization threshold. Neutral fragments in HR states were ionized using a pulsed electric field and the resulting ions were mass-analyzed using an ion time-of-flight spectrometer. The atomic fragments C(HR) and H(HR) dominated the spectra, but molecular fragments CH(x)(HR), x = 1-3, and H2(HR) were also observed. The production of HR fragments is attributed to dissociation of CH4(+) and CH4(2+) ions in HR states. Just above the C 1s ionization threshold, such molecular ionic states are created when the C 1s photoelectron is recaptured after single or double Auger decay. Similar HR states may be reached directly following resonant Auger decay at the C 1s → 3p resonance. The energies and geometries of the parent and fragment ions have been calculated in order to gain insight into relevant dissociation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kivimäki
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Sankari
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J A Kettunen
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - C Stråhlman
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Wolff W, Sigaud L, Montenegro EC, de Jesus VLB, Cavasso Filho RL, Pilling S, Santos ACF. Ionization and Fragmentation of Methane Induced by 40 eV to 480 eV Synchrotron Radiation: From Valence to Beyond Core Electron Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:56-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
| | - L. Sigaud
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
| | - E. C. Montenegro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
| | - V. L. B. de Jesus
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Campus Nilópolis, R.
Lucio Tavares 1045, 26530-060 Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - R. L Cavasso Filho
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Catequese 242, 09090-400, Santo André,
SP, Brazil
| | - S. Pilling
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av.
Shishima Hifumi 2911, Campus Urbanova, 12244 000, São José
dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - A. C. F. Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
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Lablanquie P, Huttula SM, Huttula M, Andric L, Palaudoux J, Eland JHD, Hikosaka Y, Shigemasa E, Ito K, Penent F. Multi-electron spectroscopy: Auger decays of the argon 2s hole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18355-64. [PMID: 21779590 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Auger decay of an inner shell hole is an efficient way to create multiply charged ions in the gas phase. We illustrate this with the example of the argon 2s decay, and show that multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy between the 2s photoelectron and all released Auger electrons leads to a complete reconstruction of the Ar 2s decay cascade. Spectra of the intermediate and final Ar(n+) states are obtained and are compared with a theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lablanquie
- CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Eland JHD, Andric L, Linusson P, Hedin L, Plogmaker S, Palaudoux J, Penent F, Lablanquie P, Feifel R. Triple ionization of CO2 by valence and inner shell photoionization. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:134309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3643121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eland JHD, Tashiro M, Linusson P, Ehara M, Ueda K, Feifel R. Double core hole creation and subsequent Auger decay in NH3 and CH4 molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:213005. [PMID: 21231301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.213005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Energies of the hollow molecules CH(4)(2+) and NH(3)(2+) with double vacancies in the 1s shells have been measured using an efficient coincidence technique combined with synchrotron radiation. The energies of these states have been determined accurately by high level electronic structure calculations and can be well understood on the basis of a simple theoretical model. Their major decay pathway, successive Auger emissions, leads first to a new form of triply charged ion with a core hole and two valence vacancies; experimental evidence for such a state is presented with its theoretical interpretation. Preedge 2-hole-1-particle (2h-1p) states at energies below the double core-hole states are located in the same experiments and their decay pathways are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H D Eland
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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10
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Eland JHD, Rigby CF, Andersson E, Palaudoux J, Andric L, Penent F, Linusson P, Hedin L, Karlsson L, Rubensson JE, Hikosaka Y, Ito K, Lablanquie P, Feifel R. Spectra of the triply charged ion CS(2)(3+) and selectivity in molecular Auger effects. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:104311. [PMID: 20232964 DOI: 10.1063/1.3352549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectra of triply charged carbon disulphide have been obtained by measuring, in coincidence, all three electrons ejected in its formation by photoionization. Measurements of the CS(2)(3+) ion in coincidence with the three electrons identify the energy range where stable trications are formed. A sharp peak in this energy range is identified as the (2)Pi ground state at 53.1+/-0.1 eV, which is the lowest electronic state according to ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Triple ionization by the double Auger effect is provisionally divided, on the basis of the pattern of energy sharing between the two Auger electrons into contributions from direct and cascade Auger processes. The spectra from the direct double Auger effect via S 2p, S 2s, and C 1s hole states contain several resolved features and show selectivity based on the initial charge localization and on the identity of the initial state. Triple ionization spectra from single Auger decay of S 2p-based core-valence states CS(2)(2+) show retention of the valence holes in this Auger process. Related ion-electron coincidence measurements give the triple ionization yields and the breakdown patterns in triple photoionization at selected photon energies from 90 eV to above the inner shell edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H D Eland
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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