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Butler K, Brinker CJ, Leong HS. Bridging the In Vitro to In Vivo gap: Using the Chick Embryo Model to Accelerate Nanoparticle Validation and Qualification for In Vivo studies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19626-19650. [PMID: 36453753 PMCID: PMC9799072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We postulate that nanoparticles (NPs) for use in therapeutic applications have largely not realized their clinical potential due to an overall inability to use in vitro results to predict NP performance in vivo. The avian embryo and associated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has emerged as an in vivo preclinical model that bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo, enabling rapid screening of NP behavior under physiologically relevant conditions and providing a rapid, accessible, economical, and more ethical means of qualifying nanoparticles for in vivo use. The CAM is highly vascularized and mimics the diverging/converging vasculature of the liver, spleen, and lungs that serve as nanoparticle traps. Intravital imaging of fluorescently labeled NPs injected into the CAM vasculature enables immediate assessment and quantification of nano-bio interactions at the individual NP scale in any tissue of interest that is perfused with a microvasculature. In this review, we highlight how utilization of the avian embryo and its CAM as a preclinical model can be used to understand NP stability in blood and tissues, extravasation, biocompatibility, and NP distribution over time, thereby serving to identify a subset of NPs with the requisite stability and performance to introduce into rodent models and enabling the development of structure-property relationships and NP optimization without the sacrifice of large populations of mice or other rodents. We then review how the chicken embryo and CAM model systems have been used to accelerate the development of NP delivery and imaging agents by allowing direct visualization of targeted (active) and nontargeted (passive) NP binding, internalization, and cargo delivery to individual cells (of relevance for the treatment of leukemia and metastatic cancer) and cellular ensembles (e.g., cancer xenografts of interest for treatment or imaging of cancer tumors). We conclude by showcasing emerging techniques for the utilization of the CAM in future nano-bio studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly
S. Butler
- Molecular
and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Hon Sing Leong
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biological
Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
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2
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Schlenk F, Werner S, Rabel M, Jacobs F, Bergemann C, Clement JH, Fischer D. Comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and ex ovo hemocompatibility of surface engineered iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3271-3286. [PMID: 28378120 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of biomedically relevant iron oxide nanoparticles with systematically modified polymer surfaces was investigated regarding their interaction with the first contact partners after systemic administration such as blood cells, blood proteins, and the endothelial blood vessels, to establish structure-activity relationships. All nanoparticles were intensively characterized regarding their physicochemical parameters. Cyto- and hemocompatibility tests showed that (1) the properties of the core material itself were not relevant in short-term incubation studies, and (2) toxicities increased with higher polymer mass, neutral = anionic < cationic surface charge and charge density, as well as agglomeration. Based on this, it was possible to classify the nanoparticles in three groups, to establish structure-activity relationships and to predict nanosafety. While the results between cyto- and hemotoxicity tests correlated well for the polymers, data were not fully transferable for the nanoparticles, especially in case of cationic low molar mass polymer coatings. To evaluate the prediction efficacy of the static in vitro models, the results were compared to those obtained in an ex ovo shell-less hen's egg test after microinjection under dynamic flow conditions. While the polymers demonstrated hemotoxicity profiles comparable to the in vitro tests, the size-dependent risks of nanoparticles could be more efficiently simulated in the more complex ex ovo environment, making the shell-less egg model an efficient alternative to animal studies according to the 3R concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Rabel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Jacobs
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Joachim H Clement
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Tekrony A, Cramb D. Determination of the mobility of amine- and carboxy-terminated fluospheres and quantum dots by capillary electrophoresis. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of nanoparticle (NP) theranostics can, in principle, be predicted based on NP size and zeta potential. Zeta potentials are typically measured using bench top zetasizer instruments, which calculate zeta potential based on mobility data collected from solutions in a small sample cell. However, correlations between zeta potentials measured by zetasizer instruments and those calculated from mobilities determined by instruments designed for capillary electrophoresis may not be direct. To that end, mobilities of a variety of NPs were determined by a capillary electrophoresis and used to calculate zeta potentials based on Henry’s equation. The calculated zeta potentials were then compared to zeta potentials measured directly from a zetasizer. It was found that absolute values of the two methods differed, but the relative zeta potential trends per particle type were similar. These trends were demonstrated by data that showed that the zeta potentials measured using a zetasizer correlated highly with zeta potentials determined by capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tekrony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David Cramb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Webster CA, Di Silvio D, Devarajan A, Bigini P, Micotti E, Giudice C, Salmona M, Wheeler GN, Sherwood V, Bombelli FB. An early developmental vertebrate model for nanomaterial safety: bridging cell-based and mammalian toxicity assessment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:643-56. [PMID: 27003295 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM With the rise in production of nanoparticles (NPs) for an ever-increasing number of applications, there is an urgent need to efficiently assess their potential toxicity. We propose a NP hazard assessment protocol that combines mammalian cytotoxicity data with embryonic vertebrate abnormality scoring to determine an overall toxicity index. RESULTS We observed that, after exposure to a range of NPs, Xenopus phenotypic scoring showed a strong correlation with cell based in vitro assays. Magnetite-cored NPs, negative for toxicity in vitro and Xenopus, were further confirmed as nontoxic in mice. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of Xenopus embryo analysis as a fast screening approach for toxicity assessment of NPs, which could be introduced for the routine testing of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Webster
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Paolo Bigini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Grant N Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Victoria Sherwood
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Skin Tumour Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", NFMLab, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Toman P, Lien CF, Ahmad Z, Dietrich S, Smith JR, An Q, Molnár É, Pilkington GJ, Górecki DC, Tsibouklis J, Barbu E. Nanoparticles of alkylglyceryl-dextran-graft-poly(lactic acid) for drug delivery to the brain: Preparation and in vitro investigation. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:250-262. [PMID: 25983313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), which has an inherent tendency to form colloidal systems of low polydispersity, and alkylglyceryl-modified dextran - a material designed to combine the non-immunogenic and stabilising properties of dextran with the demonstrated permeation enhancing ability of alkylglycerols - have been combined for the development of nanoparticulate, blood-brain barrier-permeating, non-viral vectors. To this end, dextran, that had been functionalised via treatment with epoxide precursors of alkylglycerol, was covalently linked to poly(lactic acid) using a carbodiimide cross-linker to form alkylglyceryl-modified dextran-graft-poly(lactic acid). Solvent displacement and electrospray methods allowed the formulation of these materials into nanoparticles having a unimodal size distribution profile of about 100-200nm and good stability at physiologically relevant pH (7.4). The nanoparticles were characterised in terms of hydrodynamic size (by Dynamic Light Scattering and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis), morphology (by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy) and zeta potential, and their toxicity was evaluated using MTT and PrestoBlue assays. Cellular uptake was evidenced by confocal microscopy employing nanoparticles that had been loaded with the easy-to-detect Rhodamine B fluorescent marker. Transwell-model experiments employing mouse (bEnd3) and human (hCMEC/D3) brain endothelial cells revealed enhanced permeation (statistically significant for hCMEC/D3) of the fluorescent markers in the presence of the nanoparticles. Results of studies using Electric Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing suggested a transient decrease of the barrier function in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model following incubation with these nanoformulations. An in ovo study using 3-day chicken embryos indicated the absence of whole-organism acute toxicity effects. The collective in vitro data suggest that these alkylglyceryl-modified dextran-graft-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles are promising candidates for in vivo evaluations that would test their capability to transport therapeutic actives to the brain.
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Nguyen T, Tekrony A, Yaehne K, Cramb DT. Designing a better theranostic nanocarrier for cancer applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2371-86. [PMID: 25413855 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers show incredible potential in theranostic applications as they offer diagnostic capabilities along with the ability to encapsulate and protect drugs from degradation, be functionalized with targeting moieties and be designed with controlled release mechanisms. Most clinically approved nanocarrier drugs are liposomal formulations. As such, considerable research has been directed towards designing liposomal carriers that can release their payloads via exogenous or endogenous triggers. For triggered release to effectively increase drug bioavailability, nanocarriers must first accumulate at the tumor site via the enhanced retention and permeability effect. It has been demonstrated in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and murine xenografted models that nanoparticle surface charge and geometry, with respect to vascular endothelium fenestration size, drive this accumulation in angiogenic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Nguyen
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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7
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Rai M, Deshmukh SD, Ingle AP, Gupta IR, Galdiero M, Galdiero S. Metal nanoparticles: The protective nanoshield against virus infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:46-56. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.879849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Shivaji D. Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Avinash P. Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Indarchand R. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India,
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Institute of Science, Nipatniranjan Nagar, Caves Road, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India and
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Yaehne K, Tekrony A, Clancy A, Gregoriou Y, Walker J, Dean K, Nguyen T, Doiron A, Rinker K, Jiang XY, Childs S, Cramb D. Nanoparticle accumulation in angiogenic tissues: towards predictable pharmacokinetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3118-3127. [PMID: 23463664 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in medical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and biodiagnostics, particularly for cancer. The design of nanoparticles for tumor delivery has been largely empirical, owing to a lack of quantitative data on angiogenic tissue sequestration. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the deposition rate constants of nanoparticles into angiogenic blood vessel tissue are determined. It is shown that deposition is dependent on surface charge. Moreover, the size dependency strongly suggests that nanoparticles are taken up by a passive mechanism that depends largely on geometry. These findings imply that it is possible to tune nanoparticle pharmacokinetics simply by adjusting nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Yaehne
- Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Dr NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
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9
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Luque-Garcia JL, Sanchez-Díaz R, Lopez-Heras I, Camara C, Martin P. Bioanalytical strategies for in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of the toxicity induced by metallic nanoparticles. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Pednekar PP, Jadhav KR, Kadam VJ. Aptamer-dendrimer bioconjugate: a nanotool for therapeutics, diagnosis, and imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1273-88. [PMID: 22897588 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.716421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aptamers hold great promise as molecular tool in biomedical applications due to the therapeutic utility exhibited by their target specificity and sensitivity. Although current development of aptamer is hindered by its probable in vivo degradation, inefficient immobilization on probe surface, and generation of low detection signal, bioconjugation with nanomaterials can feasibly solve these problems. Nanostructures such as dendrimers, with multivalency and nonimmunogenicity, bioconjugated with aptamers have opened newer vistas for better pharmaceutical applications of aptamers. AREAS COVERED This review covers brief overview of aptamers and dendrimers, with specific focus on recent progresses of aptamer-dendrimer (Apt-D) bioconjugate in areas of targeted drug delivery, diagnosis, and molecular imaging along with the discussion on the currently available conjugates, using their in vitro and in vivo results. EXPERT OPINION The novel Apt-D bioconjugates have led to advances in targeting cancer cell, have amplified biosensing, and offered in vivo cell imaging. Because of the unique properties and applications, Apt-D bioconjugate propose an exciting future. However, further research in synthesis of new target-specific aptamers and their conjugation with dendrimers is required to establish full potential of Apt-D bioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti P Pednekar
- University of Mumbai, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, CBD Belapur, Sector-8, Navi-Mumbai-400614, India.
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Das S, Powe AM, Baker GA, Valle B, El-Zahab B, Sintim HO, Lowry M, Fakayode SO, McCarroll ME, Patonay G, Li M, Strongin RM, Geng ML, Warner IM. Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 84:597-625. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202904n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Aleeta M. Powe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Bertha Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Sayo O. Fakayode
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, United States
| | - Matthew E. McCarroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-4409, United States
| | - Gabor Patonay
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
| | - Min Li
- Process Development Center, Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70805, United States
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | - Maxwell L. Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Abstract
Nanotechnology deals with the construction of new materials, devices, and different technological systems with a wide range of potential applications at the atomic and molecular level. Nanomaterials have attracted great attention for numerous applications in chemical, biological, and industrial world because of their fascinating physicochemical properties. Nanomaterials and nanodevices are being produced intentionally, unintentionally, and manufactured or engineered by different methods and released into the environment without any safety test. Nantoxicity has become the subject of concern in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of the increasing toxic effects of nanomaterials on the living organisms. Nanomaterials can move freely as compared to the large-sized particles; therefore, they can be more toxic than bulky materials. This review article delineates the toxic effects of different types of nanomaterials on the living organisms through different sources, like water, air, contact with skin, and the methods of determinations of these toxic effects.
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