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Ester DF, McKearney D, Herasymchuk K, Williams VE. Heterocycle Effects on the Liquid Crystallinity of Terthiophene Analogues. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2314. [PMID: 31331059 PMCID: PMC6678929 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline self-assembly offers the potential to create highly ordered, uniformly aligned, and defect-free thin-film organic semiconductors. Analogues of one of the more promising classes of liquid crystal semiconductors, 5,5"-dialkyl-α-terthiophenes, were prepared in order to investigate the effects of replacing the central thiophene with either an oxadiazole or a thiadiazole ring. The phase behaviour was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and variable temperature x-ray diffraction. While the oxadiazole derivative was not liquid crystalline, thiadiazole derivatives formed smectic C and soft crystal lamellar phases, and maintained lamellar order down to room temperature. Variation of the terminal alkyl chains also influenced the observed phase sequence. Single crystal structures revealed the face-to-face orientation of molecules within the layers in the solid-state, a packing motif that is rationalized based on the shape and dipole of the thiadiazole ring, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The solution opto-electronic properties of the systems were characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Ester
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Declan McKearney
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Herasymchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Vance E Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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2
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Chantzis A, Cerezo J, Perrier A, Santoro F, Jacquemin D. Optical Properties of Diarylethenes with TD-DFT: 0-0 Energies, Fluorescence, Stokes Shifts, and Vibronic Shapes. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:3944-57. [PMID: 26588538 DOI: 10.1021/ct500371u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is an investigation of both the structures and optical properties of a set of 14 diverse, recently synthesized diarylethenes using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) at the ωB97X-D/6-31G(d) level of theory. The linear response (LR) and state-specific (SS) versions of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) have been adopted to account for the bulk solvation effects and their relative performances were critically accessed. It is shown, for the first time in the case of nontrivial diarylethenes, that TD-DFT provides good agreement between the experimental absorption-fluorescence crossing points (AFCPs) and their theoretical counterparts when a robust model accounting for both geometrical relaxation and vibrational corrections is used instead of the vertical approximation. On the other hand, the theoretical estimates for the Stokes shifts based on the vertical transition energies were found to be in disagreement with respect to experiment, prompting us to simulate the absorption/emission vibronic band shapes. It is proved that difficulties associated with the breakdown of the harmonic approximation in Cartesian coordinates exist for the investigated system, and we show how they can be at least partially overcome by means of a vertical approach including Duschinsky effects. Our results provide a valuable basis to rationalize the experimental vibronic structure of both emission and absorption bands and are expected to be a significant asset to the understanding of the optical properties of diarylethene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agisilaos Chantzis
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniére, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia , 30110 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- ITODYS, UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 Rue Jean Antoine de Baif, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa , Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniére, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
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3
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Laurent AD, Adamo C, Jacquemin D. Dye chemistry with time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:14334-56. [PMID: 24548975 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we present an overview of the determination of excited-state properties of "real-life" dyes, and notably of their optical absorption and emission spectra, performed during the last decade with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We discuss the results obtained with both vertical and adiabatic (vibronic) approximations, choosing relevant examples for several series of dyes. These examples include reproducing absorption wavelengths of numerous families of coloured molecules, understanding the specific band shape of amino-anthraquinones, optimising the properties of dyes used in solar cells, mimicking the fluorescence wavelengths of fluorescent brighteners and BODIPY dyes, studying optically active biomolecules and photo-induced proton transfer, as well as improving the properties of photochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle D Laurent
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS no. 6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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4
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Zhang ZX, Bai FQ, Li L, Zhang HX. Theoretical investigation on a series of novel S,S-dioxide diarylethenes with abnormal photochromic properties and design of new dyads. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel diarylethene shows an abnormal conjugation system switch in a photochromic reaction, according to which new dyads were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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5
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Abstract
We review molecular compounds encompassing several photochromic units with a focus on their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR CNRS 7086
- 75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Wang J, Bai FQ, Xia BH, Zhang HX, Cui T. Accurate simulation of geometry, singlet-singlet and triplet-singlet excitation of cyclometalated iridium(III) complex. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2108. [PMID: 24595718 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current contribution, we present a critical study of the theoretical protocol used for the determination of the electronic spectra properties of luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complex, [Ir(III)(ppy)₂H₂dcbpy]⁺ (where, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, H₂dcbpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid), considered as a representative example of the various problems related to the prediction of electronic spectra of transition metal complex. The choice of the exchange-correlation functional is crucial for the validity of the conclusions that would be drawn from the numerical results. The influence of the exchange-correlation on geometry parameter and absorption/emission band, the role of solvent effects on time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations, as well as the importance of the chosen proper procedure to optimize triplet excited geometry, have been thus examined in detail. From the obtained results, some general conclusions and guidelines are presented: i) PBE0 functional is the most accurate in prediction of ground state geometry; ii) the well-established B3LYP, B3P86, PBE0, and X3LYP have similar accuracy in calculation of absorption spectrum; and iii) the hybrid approach TD-DFT//CIS gives out excellent agreement in the evaluation of triplet excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
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8
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Perrier A, Maurel F, Browne WR, Jacquemin D. Full ring closing in a diarylethene hexamer: insights from theory. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4247-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Asami K, Tsukidate K, Iwatsuki S, Tani F, Karasawa S, Chiang L, Storr T, Thomas F, Shimazaki Y. New Insights into the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of One-Electron Oxidized Copper(II)-(Disalicylidene)diamine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12450-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3018503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Asami
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsukidate
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Konan University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Satoru Karasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Département
de Chimie
Moléculaire-Chimie Inorganique Redox Biomimétique (CIRE)
- UMR CNRS 5250, Université Joseph Fourier, B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Yuichi Shimazaki
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
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Chiang L, Kochem A, Jarjayes O, Dunn TJ, Vezin H, Sakaguchi M, Ogura T, Orio M, Shimazaki Y, Thomas F, Storr T. Radical Localization in a Series of Symmetric NiIIComplexes with Oxidized Salen Ligands. Chemistry 2012; 18:14117-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Staykov A, Areephong J, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Yoshizawa K. Electrochemical and photochemical cyclization and cycloreversion of diarylethenes and diarylethene-capped sexithiophene wires. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1165-1178. [PMID: 21204563 DOI: 10.1021/nn102806z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental study was performed on diarylethenes and diarylethene-capped sexithiophenes aiming at an improved understanding of the electrochemical and photochemical ring-opening and ring-closing mechanisms. Theoretical calculations, based on DFT and TDDFT, suggested that the spatial distribution and the occupancy of the frontier orbitals determine and control the diarylethenes' ring-opening and ring-closing upon photoirradiation and electrochemical oxidation. Optimized geometries, potential energy surfaces, and activation energies between the open-ring and closed-ring forms were calculated for diarylethenes in the neutral ground state, excited states, and mono- and dicationic states. Analysis of the frontier orbitals was employed to understand the cyclization and cycloreversion of diarylethenes and to predict and explain the switching properties of diarylethene-capped sexithiophene molecular wires. The TDDFT data were verified with experimentally measured UV/vis spectra. The DFT calculations estimated open-shell ground states of diarylethene-capped sexithiophene dications, which were verified with EPR spectroscopy, and the broadening of the peaks in the EPR spectra were explained with the calculated singlet-triplet splitting. The good agreement of experiment and theory allows for the understanding of switching behavior of diarylethenes in solutions, in metal break junctions, in monolayers on metal surfaces, and as a part of complex organic molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Staykov
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Maurel F, Perrier A, Jacquemin D. An ab initio simulation of a dithienylethene/phenoxynaphthacenequinone photochromic hybrid. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Perrier A, Maurel F, Ciofini I, Jacquemin D. A theoretical spectroscopy investigation of bifunctional platinum-bridged diarylethenes. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Lejeune M, Grosshans P, Berclaz T, Sidorenkova H, Besnard C, Pattison P, Geoffroy M. Role of the aromatic bridge on radical ions formation during reduction of diphosphaalkenes. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Photochromic properties of a dithienylethene–indolinooxazolidine switch: A theoretical investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Ciofini I, Adamo C. Assessment of the ωB97 family for excited-state calculations. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Enhancing the light driven modulation of the refractive index in organic photochromic materials: A quantum chemical strategy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Maurel F, Perrier A. Hybrid dithienylethene-naphthopyran multi-addressable photochromes: an ab initio analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13144-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Maurel F, Perrier A. TD-DFT simulations of the electronic properties of star-shaped photochromes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7994-8000. [DOI: 10.1039/b927323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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