1
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Ow MJK, Yeow EKL. Revealing the Existence of Long-Range Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Potential in Phase-Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6241-6248. [PMID: 38842186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
By employing fluorescence wide-field microscopy and a nanoparticle-based phase transfer catalyst (PTC), consisting of a fluorescent silica nanoparticle functionalized with trioctylpropylammonium bromide, we demonstrate that in the presence of NaOH, single nanoparticles display subdiffusive motion along the axis normal to an aqueous liquid-organic liquid interface. This is because of an extended interfacial potential with a shallow well (∼1 kBT) that stretches a few μm into the organic phase, in contrast to previous molecular dynamics studies that reported narrow interfaces on the order of ∼1 nm. Spontaneous interfacial emulsification induced by NaOH results in the propagation of water-in-oil nanoemulsions into the organic solvent that creates an equilibrium hybrid-solvent composition that solvates the PTC. A greater mobility and longer residence time of the PTC at the potential well enhance the interfacial phase transfer process and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J K Ow
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Edwin K L Yeow
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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2
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Chio CC, Tse YLS. Reparameterization of Polarizable Force Fields for Studying Ion Transfer across Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1987-1999. [PMID: 38356148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a general scheme for refining classical polarizable molecular dynamics (MD) force fields that can accurately describe the molecular interactions in systems with liquid-liquid interfaces. While ab initio MD (AIMD) simulations can naturally describe molecular interactions, they are often so computationally expensive that simulating large system sizes and/or long time scales is usually infeasible. To resolve this, we parameterized efficient and accurate classical polarizable force fields that use AIMD reference data by minimizing both the relative entropy and the root mean squared deviation in atomic forces. We utilized our new multiscale models to study chloride ion transfer across the water-dichloromethane (DCM) interface with and without the tetraethylammonium cation as the phase-transfer catalyst. Our calculated free-energy barrier for the water-DCM interface is consistent with the other reported simulation results. We further analyzed the ion-transfer process by studying the hydration shell structures around the chloride ion and the ion-pair formation to better understand the mechanism. We observed that electronic polarizability is an important factor for the studied phase-transfer catalyst to lower the free-energy barrier of the ion transfer. Using the water-benzene interface system as an additional example, we show that our parameterization scheme provides a general route for modeling different liquid-liquid interface systems even when the experimental data or force field parameters are not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Chi Chio
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Lung Steve Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Zhou H, Shiel E, Bell T, Lin S, Lenhert S. Kinetic Mechanism of Surfactant-Based Molecular Recognition: Selective Permeability across an Oil-Water Interface Regulated by Supramolecular Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10201-10214. [PMID: 37972386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are known to play a vital role in the molecular organization of all cellular life. Molecular recognition is another fundamental biological process that is generally attributed to biological polymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, there is evidence that aggregates of lipids and lipid-like molecules are also capable of selectively binding to or regulating the partitioning of other molecules. We previously demonstrated that a model two-phase octanol/water system can selectively partition Red 40 and Blue 1 dyes added to an aqueous phase, with the selectivity depending on the surfactant (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) dissolved in the organic phase. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of molecular recognition in this system by using quantitative partitioning experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our results indicate that the selectivity for the red dye is thermodynamically favored at all surfactant concentrations, while selectivity for the blue dye is kinetically favored at high surfactant concentrations. The kinetic selectivity for the blue dye correlates with the presence of molecular aggregation at the oil-water interface. Coarse-grained MD simulations elucidate nanoscale supramolecular structures that can preferentially bind one small molecule rather than another at an interface, providing a selectively permeable barrier in the absence of proteins. The results suggest a new supramolecular mechanism for molecular recognition with potential applications in drug delivery, drug discovery, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhou
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Emily Shiel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tracey Bell
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Shangchao Lin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Department of Biological Science and Integrative Nanoscience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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4
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Voci S, Dick JE. An electrochemical perspective on the interfacial width between two immiscible liquid phases. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 39:101244. [PMID: 37538354 PMCID: PMC10399975 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy are historically the main techniques applied to the description of the molecular structure and dynamics of the immiscible liquid/liquid interface. A molecular sharpness is estimated for oil/water interfaces, with an interfacial width that extends from hundreds of Å to 1 nm. However, electrochemical studies have elucidated a deeper liquid/liquid interface on the order of several micrometers. The breaking down of single-entity electrochemistry to simpler systems and the combination of high-resolution microscopies is confirming a larger extension of the interface. What can be the role of the electrochemist in clarifying this fundamental question? We try to give a suggestion at the end of a brief historical overview of the liquid/liquid interface studies.
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5
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Wen B, Sun C, Luo Z, Lu X, Wang H, Bai B. A hydrogen bond-modulated soft nanoscale water channel for ion transport through liquid-liquid interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9736-9744. [PMID: 34643637 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport through interfaces is of ubiquitous importance in many fields such as electrochemistry, emulsion stabilization, phase transfer catalysis, liquid-liquid extraction and enhanced oil recovery. However, the knowledge of interfacial structures that significantly affect ion transport through liquid-liquid interfaces is still lacking due to the difficulty of observing nanoscale interfaces. We studied here the evolution of interfacial structures during ion transport through the decane-water interface under different ionic concentrations and external forces using molecular dynamics simulations. The roles of hydrogen bonds in ion transport through interfaces are revealed. We identified a soft nanoscale channel during ion transport through liquid-liquid interfaces and the decane phase under specific external force. The stability of the water channel and the ion transport velocity both increase with ionic concentration due to the layered ordering structures of the water near the channel surface. We observed that the stability and connectivity of the water channel in the decane phase are remarkably improved both by the high increase of the number of hydrogen bonds in the water channel with increasing ionic concentration, and by the conformational change in water molecules near the water channel surface. Our discovery of a soft nanoscale water channel by molecular simulations implies that there is a potential stable passage for ion transport through liquid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Chengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xi Lu
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute of Sinopec, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute of Sinopec, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bofeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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6
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Morita A, Koizumi A, Hirano T. Recent progress in simulating microscopic ion transport mechanisms at liquid-liquid interfaces. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:080901. [PMID: 33639756 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of ions through liquid-liquid interfaces is of fundamental importance to a wide variety of applications. However, since it is quite challenging for experimentalists to directly and selectively observe molecules at the interfaces, microscopic mechanisms of ion transport have been largely presumed from kinetic information. This Perspective illustrates recent examples that molecular dynamics simulations with proper free energy surfaces clarified mechanistic pictures of ion transport. The key is a proper choice of coordinates and defining/calculating free energy surfaces in multidimensional space. Once the free energy surfaces for realistic systems are available, they naturally provide new insight into the ion transport in unprecedented details, including water finger, transient ion pairing, and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ai Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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7
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Alvarado E, Liu Z, Servis MJ, Krishnamoorthy B, Clark AE. A Geometric Measure Theory Approach to Identify Complex Structural Features on Soft Matter Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4579-4587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alvarado
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Michael J. Servis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Bala Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686, United States
| | - Aurora E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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8
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Wen B, Sun C, Zheng W, Bai B, Lichtfouse E. Evidence for water ridges at oil-water interfaces: implications for ion transport. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:826-832. [PMID: 31840723 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ion transport across interfaces is of fundamental importance in many processes such as liquid-liquid extraction, phase transfer catalysis, enhanced oil recovery and emulsion stabilisation. However, the factors that control ion transport across interfaces are poorly known due to a lack of knowledge of structural changes at interfaces. We studied here the effects of ionic concentration and external force on the transport of ions across the decane-water interface using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the evolution of interfacial structures during ion transfer across the interface is controlled by hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions at the interface. We also identified a new mode of ion transfer across the interface at low ionic concentrations, involving a 'water ridge', rather that the classical 'water finger'. In the water ridge mode, hydrogen bonds are not broken due to low ion levels, and the water ridge induces gradual interface deformation. Whereas, at high ionic concentrations, hydrogen bonds are broken by the strong ion electrostatic repulsion, thus inducing the formation of a water finger. We also found that the variation of the Gibbs free energy during ion transfer is directly relevant to the ionic concentration. The water ridge at low ionic concentrations, which displaces more water molecules towards the decane phase, induces less free energy variation than the water finger at high ionic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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9
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Hull KL, Schipper DE, Oliver AG. Synthesis and structural characterization of CO 2-soluble oxidizers [Bu 4N]BrO 3 and [Bu 4N]ClO 3 and their dissolution in cosolvent-modified CO 2 for reservoir applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44973-44980. [PMID: 35516229 PMCID: PMC9058644 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09563j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 utilization in upsteam oil and gas applications requires CO2-soluble additives such as polymers, surfactants, and other components. Here we report the facile synthesis of CO2-soluble oxidizers composed of judiciously selected organic cations paired with oxidizing anions. [Bu4N]BrO3 and [Bu4N]ClO3 are prepared using a double displacement synthetic strategy, whereby the crystalline product is readily obtained in high yield and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The facility of the approach is demonstrated through the preparation of several additional alkylammonium bromate compounds. Static solubility studies using a high-pressure cell with viewing windows showed that tetrabutylammonium compounds could be solubilized using cosolvent-modified CO2. Using 4 mol% ethanol as cosolvent, >3 mM [Bu4N]BrO3 could be dissolved in CO2, while ∼0.75 mM [Bu4N]ClO3 could be dissolved in the same solvent system. The solubility properties of [Bu4N]BrO3 along with its thermal stability up to ∼200 °C suggest that it is a promising oilfield oxidizer that can be utilized in subterranean CO2 applications. Bromate and chlorate salts were hydrophobically modified with tetrabutylammonium to yield oxidizers that are soluble in CO2-cosolvent mixtures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allen G. Oliver
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- USA
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10
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Servis MJ, Clark AE. Surfactant-enhanced heterogeneity of the aqueous interface drives water extraction into organic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2866-2874. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) is one of the most industrially relevant separations methods. Adsorbed surfactant is demonstrated to enhance interfacial heterogeneity and lead to water protrusions that form the basis for transport into the organic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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11
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Gord JR, Zhao X, Liu E, Bertram TH, Nathanson GM. Control of Interfacial Cl2 and N2O5 Reactivity by a Zwitterionic Phospholipid in Comparison with Ionic and Uncharged Surfactants. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6593-6604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Gord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xianyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Erica Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Khiabani N, Bahramian A, Chen P, Pourafshary P, Goddard W, Ejtehadi M. Calcium chloride adsorption at liquid-liquid interfaces: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Liu L, Shi L, Yi T, Wen Y, Wang J, Liu S. Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase-transfer-catalyst-assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:480-487. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Laping Liu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ludi Shi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Tingquan Yi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Juanli Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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14
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Kikkawa N, Wang L, Morita A. Computational study of effect of water finger on ion transport through water-oil interface. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:014702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Lingjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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15
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Xie Q, Sun D, Han Y, Jia L, Hou B, Liu S, Li D. Determination of total phthalates in edible oils by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:857-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Dekui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Yangying Han
- College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Litao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Bo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Debao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan Shanxi China
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16
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Liu S, Liu L, Han Y, Sun J, Feng J, Wang J, Zhong C. Rapid screening of edible oils for phthalates using phase-transfer catalyst-assisted hydrolysis and liquid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1420:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kikkawa N, Wang L, Morita A. Microscopic Barrier Mechanism of Ion Transport through Liquid–Liquid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8022-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Lingjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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19
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Abstract
The liquid interface is a narrow, highly anisotropic region, characterized by rapidly varying density, polarity, and molecular structure. I review several aspects of interfacial solvation and show how these affect reactivity at liquid/liquid interfaces. I specifically consider ion transfer, electron transfer, and SN2 reactions, showing that solvent effects on these reactions can be understood by examining the unique structure and dynamics of the liquid interface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
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20
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Faust JA, Dempsey LP, Nathanson GM. Surfactant-Promoted Reactions of Cl2 and Br2 with Br– in Glycerol. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:12602-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4079037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Logan P. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
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21
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Benjamin I. Recombination, Dissociation, and Transport of Ion Pairs across the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Implications for Phase Transfer Catalysis. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4325-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306669t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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22
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Mass accommodation mechanism of water through monolayer films at water/vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4740240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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