1
|
Tulyabaev AR, Khuzin AA, Lukmanov TI, Sabirov DS. Is this how bromine spiropyran salt is converted to merocyanine under UV irradiation? A look through the prism of quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10336-10342. [PMID: 38501209 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The stability of merocyanine forms formed under UV irradiation of a solution of a spiropyran salt, in which an organic part acts as a cation and a compact bromide ion as an anion, their photophysical properties, and the formation mechanism are studied in this work using time-dependent density functional theory. Theoretical calculations show that TTC and CTT are the most stable open forms (the difference in stability energies is 10.5 and 12.0 kcal mol-1 relative to the formation energy of spiropyran, respectively). The simulated absorption bands in the UV spectrum of the merocyanine forms are observed both in the UV region at 308-366 nm and in the visible region at 544-757 nm due to n → π* and π → π* type transitions. We found that the isomerisation mechanism of spiropyran into merocyanine forms includes two key stages: the ring opening to form cisoid merocyanine forms (except unstable TCC) through conical intersection and their subsequent isomerisation to form stable transoid isomers. The length of the Cspiro-O bond is 1.97 Å and the C1'-C2'-C3'-C4' angle is 70° in the structure close to conical intersection. The stage that determines the rate of this process is the isomerisation between transoid forms, as in the case of transformation of open merocyanine forms into spiropyran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Tulyabaev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Artur A Khuzin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Timur I Lukmanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Denis Sh Sabirov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kozlenko AS, Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Lukyanova MB, El-Sewify IM, Lukyanov BS. A Modern Look at Spiropyrans: From Single Molecules to Smart Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:8. [PMID: 36624333 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds of the spiropyran family have two main isomers capable of inter-switching with UV or visible light. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in the synthesis, investigation of properties, and applications of spiropyran derivatives. Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, and mechanical stress. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of molecules, their influence on photochromic properties, and the reactions taking place during isomerization, as the understanding of the structure-property relationships will rationalize the synthesis of compounds with predetermined characteristics. The main prospects for applications of spiropyrans in such fields as smart material production, molecular electronics and nanomachinery, sensing of environmental and biological molecules, and photopharmacology are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Islam M El-Sewify
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The role of intramolecular interactions on the stability of the conformers of a spiropyran derivative. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
4
|
Spiropyran/Merocyanine Amphiphile in Various Solvents: A Joint Experimental–Theoretical Approach to Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911535. [PMID: 36232836 PMCID: PMC9569490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This joint experimental-theoretical work focuses on molecular and photophysical properties of the spiropyran-containing amphiphilic molecule in organic and aqueous solutions. Being dissolved in tested organic solvents, the system demonstrates positive photochromism, i.e., upon UV stimulus the colorless spiropyran form is transformed into colorful merocyanine isomer. However, the aqueous solution of the amphiphile possesses a negative photochromism: the orange-red merocyanine form becomes thermodynamically more stable in water, and both UV and vis stimuli lead to the partial or complete photobleaching of the solution. The explanation of this phenomenon is given on the basis of density functional theory calculations and classical modeling including thermodynamic integration. The simulations reveal that stabilization of merocyanine in water proceeds with the energy of ca. 70 kJ mol−1, and that the Helmholtz free energy of hydration of merocyanine form is 100 kJ mol−1 lower as compared to the behavior of SP isomer in water. The explanation of such a difference lies in the molecular properties of the merocyanine: after ring-opening reaction this molecule transforms into a zwitterionic form, as evidenced by the electrostatic potential plotted around the opened form. The presence of three charged groups on the periphery of a flat conjugated backbone stimulates the self-assembly of merocyanine molecules in water, ending up with the formation of elongated associates with stack-like building blocks, as shown in molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous solution with the concentration above critical micelle concentration. Our quantitative evaluation of the hydrophilicity switching in spiropyran/merocyanine containing surfactants may prompt the search for new systems, including colloidal and polymeric ones, aiming at remote tuning of their morphology, which could give new promising shapes and patterns for the needs of modern nanotechnology.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pardehkhorram R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance by polymer functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5188-5204. [PMID: 35394003 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the design and performance of biological pores, polymer functionalization of nanopores has emerged as an evolving field to advance transport performance within the last few years. This feature article outlines developments in nanopore functionalization and the resulting transport performance including gating based on electrostatic interaction, wettability and ligand binding, gradual transport controlled by polymerization as well as functionalization-based asymmetric nanopore and nanoporous material design going towards the transport direction. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance and thus reducing the performance gap between biological and technological pores is strongly related to advances in polymerization chemistry and their translation into nanopore functionalization. Thereby, the effect of the spatial confinement has to be considered for polymer functionalization as well as for transport regulation, and mechanistic understanding is strongly increased by combining experiment and theory. A full mechanistic understanding together with highly precise nanopore structure design and polymer functionalization is not only expected to improve existing application of nanoporous materials but also opens the door to new technologies. The latter might include out of equilibrium devices, ionic circuits, or machine learning based sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Liu L, Liu Y. An AIE-active dual fluorescent switch with negative photochromism for information display and encryption. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A negative photochromic molecular switch with AIE and two-color fluorescence conversion properties was synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miguez FB, Menzonatto TG, Netto JFZ, Silva IM, Verano-Braga T, Lopes JF, De Sousa FB. Photo-dynamic and fluorescent zinc complex based on spiropyran ligand. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
F Reis I, Miguez FB, Vargas CAA, Menzonatto TG, Silva IMS, Verano-Braga T, Lopes JF, Brandão TAS, De Sousa FB. Structural and Electronic Characterization of a Photoresponsive Lanthanum(III) Complex Incorporated into Electrospun Fibers for Phosphate Ester Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28607-28615. [PMID: 32463219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the light-induced synthesis and characterization of a La3+/spiropyran derivative complex (LaMC) and its application as a catalyst when incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers. In addition to experimental methods, computational calculations were also essential to better understand the structure and electronic characteristics of LaMC. The LaMC complex was identified as a 10-coordinated structure with the La3+ ion coordinated by four oxygens from the phenolate and the carbonyl of the carboxyl acid group from both MC ligands and by six oxygens from three nitrate ligands. In addition, LaMC was capable of getting reversibly isomerized by UV or visible light cycling. All PCL fibers were successively obtained, and their morphologies, surface properties, and catalytic behavior were studied. Results showed that PCL/LaMC fibers were capable of catalyzing bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate degradation efficiently. Complete hydrolysis was accomplished in only 1.5 days relative to the half-life time of 35 days for the uncatalyzed hydrolysis at pH 8.1 and 25 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izadora F Reis
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares (LSPS) -Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio B Miguez
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares (LSPS) -Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Amaya Vargas
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago G Menzonatto
- Laboratório de Química Computacional (LaQC)-Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor M S Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fedoce Lopes
- Laboratório de Química Computacional (LaQC)-Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago A S Brandão
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares (LSPS) -Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim D, Zhang Z, Xu K. Spectrally Resolved Super-Resolution Microscopy Unveils Multipath Reaction Pathways of Single Spiropyran Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9447-9450. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doory Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division
of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wolff C, Kind J, Schenderlein H, Bartling H, Feldmeier C, Gschwind RM, Biesalski M, Thiele CM. Studies of a photochromic model system using NMR with ex-situ and in-situ irradiation devices. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:485-491. [PMID: 26891085 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The switching behavior of a photochromic model system was investigated in detail via NMR spectroscopy in order to improve understanding of the compound itself and to provide ways to obtain insights into composition trends of a photo switchable (polymeric) material containing spiropyran/merocyanine units. In addition to the classical irradiation performed outside the magnet (ex-situ), a device for irradiation inside the NMR spectrometer (in-situ) was tested. Both setups are introduced, their advantages and disadvantages as well as their limits are described and the setup for future investigations of photochromic materials is suggested. The influence of different sample concentrations, irradiation procedures, and light intensities on the model system was examined as well as the dependence on solvent, temperature, and irradiation wavelengths. Using the recently published LED illumination device, it was even possible to record two-dimensional spectra on this model system with rather short half-life (7 min in DMSO). This way (13) C chemical shifts of the merocyanine form were obtained, which were unknown before. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Wolff
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Helge Schenderlein
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Bartling
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Feldmeier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Test of Various Partial Atomic Charge Models for Computations on Diheteroaryl Ketones and Thioketones. COMPUTATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/computation4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Singh R, Böhm MC, Balasubramanian G. Energetic and structural properties of different conformations of merocyanine and its protonated forms. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Amos RD, Kobayashi R. Ab initio investigation of the structures and energies of spiropyran and merocyanine isomers. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.1003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Amos
- Australian National University Supercomputer Facility, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- Australian National University Supercomputer Facility, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hammarson M, Nilsson J, Li S, Beke-Somfai T, Andréasson J. Characterization of the thermal and photoinduced reactions of photochromic spiropyrans in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13561-71. [PMID: 24143951 PMCID: PMC3814652 DOI: 10.1021/jp408781p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Six water-soluble spiropyran derivatives have been characterized with respect to the thermal and photoinduced reactions over a broad pH-interval. A comprehensive kinetic model was formulated including the spiro- and the merocyanine isomers, the respective protonated forms, and the hydrolysis products. The experimental studies on the hydrolysis reaction mechanism were supplemented by calculations using quantum mechanical (QM) models employing density functional theory. The results show that (1) the substitution pattern dramatically influences the pKa-values of the protonated forms as well as the rates of the thermal isomerization reactions, (2) water is the nucleophile in the hydrolysis reaction around neutral pH, (3) the phenolate oxygen of the merocyanine form plays a key role in the hydrolysis reaction. Hence, the nonprotonated merocyanine isomer is susceptible to hydrolysis, whereas the corresponding protonated form is stable toward hydrolytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hammarson
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jesper
R. Nilsson
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|