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Echeverri A, Gallegos M, Gómez T, Pendás ÁM, Cárdenas C. Calculation of the ELF in the excited state with single-determinant methods. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887544. [PMID: 37125705 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first definition, back in 1990, the electron localization function (ELF) has settled as one of the most commonly employed techniques to characterize the nature of the chemical bond in real space. Although most of the work using the ELF has focused on the study of ground-state chemical reactivity, a growing interest has blossomed to apply these techniques to the nearly unexplored realm of excited states and photochemistry. Since accurate excited electronic states usually require to account appropriately for electron correlation, the standard single-determinant ELF formulation cannot be blindly applied to them, and it is necessary to turn to correlated ELF descriptions based on the two-particle density matrix (2-PDM). The latter requires costly wavefunction approaches, unaffordable for most of the systems of current photochemical interest. Here, we compare the exact, 2-PDM-based ELF results with those of approximate 2-PDM reconstructions taken from reduced density matrix functional theory. Our approach is put to the test in a wide variety of representative scenarios, such as those provided by the lowest-lying excited electronic states of simple diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Altogether, our results suggest that even approximate 2-PDMs are able to accurately reproduce, on a general basis, the topological and statistical features of the ELF scalar field, paving the way toward the application of cost-effective methodologies, such as time-dependent-Hartree-Fock or time-dependent density functional theory, in the accurate description of the chemical bonding in excited states of photochemical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Echeverri
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Depto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tatiana Gómez
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Center, Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaceaux, 2801 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Depto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
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Guo Q, Ji D, Zhao J. Theoretical insights into photochemical behavior and ESIPT mechanism for 2,6-dimethyl phenyl derivatives. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Varadwaj A, Varadwaj PR, Yamashita K. Hybrid organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3perovskite building blocks: Revealing ultra-strong hydrogen bonding and mulliken inner complexes and their implications in materials design. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2802-2818. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo 7-3-1; Hongo Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
| | - Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo 7-3-1; Hongo Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo 7-3-1; Hongo Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
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Rombouts JA, Ehlers AW, Lammertsma K. A quantitative analysis of light-driven charge transfer processes using voronoi partitioning of time dependent DFT-derived electron densities. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1811-1818. [PMID: 28555891 PMCID: PMC6585665 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method is presented that provides quantitative insight into light-driven electron density rearrangement using the output of standard time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations on molecular compounds. Using final and initial electron densities for photochemical processes, the subtraction of summed electron density in each atom-centered Voronoi polyhedron yields the electronic charge difference, QVECD . This subtractive method can also be used with Bader, Mulliken and Hirshfeld charges. A validation study shows QVECD to have the most consistent performance across basis sets and good conservation of charge between electronic states. Besides vertical transitions, relaxation processes can be investigated as well. Significant electron transfer is computed for isomerization on the excited state energy surface of azobenzene. A number of linear anilinepyridinium donor-bridge-acceptor chromophores was examined using QVECD to unravel the influence of its pi-conjugated bridge on charge separation. Finally, the usefulness of the presented method as a tool in optimizing charge transfer is shown for a homologous series of organometallic pigments. The presented work allows facile calculation of a novel, relevant quantity describing charge transfer processes at the atomic level. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A. Rombouts
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083 & 1085AmsterdamHV1081The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083 & 1085AmsterdamHV1081The Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburgSouth Africa2006
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083 & 1085AmsterdamHV1081The Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburgSouth Africa2006
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Tognetti V, Guégan F, Luneau D, Chermette H, Morell C, Joubert L. Structural effects in octahedral carbonyl complexes: an atoms-in-molecules study. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jara-Cortés J, Guevara-Vela JM, Martín Pendás Á, Hernández-Trujillo J. Chemical bonding in excited states: Energy transfer and charge redistribution from a real space perspective. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:957-970. [PMID: 28266036 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a novel interpretation of elementary processes of photophysical relevance from the standpoint of the electron density using simple model reactions. These include excited states of H2 taken as a prototype for a covalent bond, excimer formation of He2 to analyze non-covalent interactions, charge transfer by an avoided crossing of electronic states in LiF and conical interesections involved in the intramolecular scrambling in C2 H4 . The changes of the atomic and interaction energy components along the potential energy profiles are described by the interacting quantum atoms approach and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Additionally, the topological analysis of one- and two-electron density functions is used to explore basic reaction mechanisms involving excited and degenerate states in connection with the virial theorem. This real space approach allows to describe these processes in a unified way, showing its versatility and utility in the study of chemical systems in excited states. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jara-Cortés
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, UNAM, México City, 04510, México
| | - José Manuel Guevara-Vela
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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Ferro-Costas D, Francisco E, Martín Pendás Á, Mosquera RA. How Electronic Excitation Can be Used to Inhibit Some Mechanisms Associated to Substituent Effects. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2666-71. [PMID: 27197944 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that transferability and chemistry go hand in hand, transferability studies in electronically excited states (EESs) are normally omitted, although these states are becoming extremely important in modern processes and applications. In this work, it is shown that this kind of studies can be used to understand how substituent effects can be modified in EESs. Thus, for example, the analysis of the carbonyl oxygen transferability in different HCO-R molecules allowed us to find that the nO→πCO* excitation can be used to break the π conjugation associated to the resonance substituent effect. Moreover, as a direct consequence, the oxygen transferability is enhanced in the first electronically excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ferro-Costas
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Evelio Francisco
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Química, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Yahia-Ouahmed M, Tognetti V, Joubert L. Intramolecular halogen bonding: an interacting quantum atoms study. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Adamo C, Le Bahers T, Savarese M, Wilbraham L, García G, Fukuda R, Ehara M, Rega N, Ciofini I. Exploring excited states using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory and density-based indexes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Syzgantseva OA, Tognetti V, Boulangé A, Peixoto PA, Leleu S, Franck X, Joubert L. Evaluating Charge Transfer in Epicocconone Analogues: Toward a Targeted Design of Fluorophores. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:757-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410407u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Syzgantseva
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Agathe Boulangé
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Philippe A. Peixoto
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Leleu
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Franck
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Joubert
- Normandy University, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesniére 76821 Mont St Aignan, Cedex, France
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Ferro-Costas D, Pendás ÁM, González L, Mosquera RA. Beyond the molecular orbital conception of electronically excited states through the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9249-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00431k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Application of QTAIM electron density analysis and energy partitioning based on it provide quantitative support for qualitative predictions derived from the MO paradigm, as well as further descriptions for electron density rearrangements in electronically excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ferro-Costas
- Departamento de Química Física
- Universidade de Vigo
- Facultade de Química
- 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo A. Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Física
- Universidade de Vigo
- Facultade de Química
- 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Tognetti V, Morell C, Ayers PW, Joubert L, Chermette H. A proposal for an extended dual descriptor: a possible solution when Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory fails. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14465-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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