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Takahashi M, Asatani T, Morimoto T, Kamakura Y, Fujii K, Yashima M, Hosokawa N, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Supramolecular multi-electron redox photosensitisers comprising a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex and a polyoxometalate. Chem Sci 2023; 14:691-704. [PMID: 36741525 PMCID: PMC9848162 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox photosensitisers (PSs) play essential roles in various photocatalytic reactions. Herein, we synthesised new redox PSs of 1 : 1 supramolecules that comprise a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex with 4+ charges and a Keggin-type heteropolyoxometalate with 4- charges. These PSs photochemically accumulate multi-electrons in one molecule (three or four electrons) in the presence of an electron donor and can supply electrons with different reduction potentials. PSs were successfully applied in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using catalysts (Ru(ii) and Re(i) complexes) and triethanolamine as a reductant. In photocatalytic reactions, these supramolecular PSs supply a different number of electrons to the catalyst depending on the redox potential of the intermediate, which is made from the one-electron-reduced species of the catalyst and CO2. Based on these data, information on the reduction potentials of the intermediates was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asatani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology1404-1 KatakuraHachiojiTokyo 192-0982Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kamakura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Kotaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Masatomo Yashima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Naoki Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1Meguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University1-3-1 KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739 8526Japan
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Shimoda Y, Miyata K, Funaki M, Ehara T, Morimoto T, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Ishitani O, Onda K. Determining Excited-State Structures and Photophysical Properties in Phenylphosphine Rhenium(I) Diimine Biscarbonyl Complexes Using Time-Resolved Infrared and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7773-7784. [PMID: 33971089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the structural factors on the photophysical properties in two rhenium(I) diimine complexes in acetonitrile solution, cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh2Et)2]+ (Et(2,2)) and cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh3)2]+ ((3,3)) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ph = phenyl, Et = ethyl) using the combination method of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, time-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and quantum chemical calculations. The difference between these complexes is the number of phenyl groups in the phosphine ligand, and this only indirectly affects the central Re(I). Despite this minor difference, the complexes exhibit large differences in emission wavelength and excited-state lifetime. Upon photoexcitation, the bond length of Re-P and angle of P-Re-P are significantly changed in both complexes, while the phenyl groups are largely rotated by ∼20° only in (3,3). In contrast, there is little change in charge distribution on the phenyl groups when Re to dmb charge transfer occurs upon photoexcitation. We concluded that the instability from steric effects of phenyl groups and diimine leads to a smaller Stokes shift of the lowest excited triplet state (T1) in (3,3). The large structural change between the ground and excited states causes the longer lifetime of T1 in (3,3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushi Shimoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masataka Funaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takumi Ehara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Yamazaki Y, Rohacova J, Koike K, Ishitani O. Synthesis and Light-Harvesting Functions of Ring-Shaped Re(I) Trinuclear Complexes Connected with an Emissive Ru(II) Complex. JACS AU 2021; 1:294-307. [PMID: 34467294 PMCID: PMC8395681 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ring-shaped Re(I) multinuclear complexes (Re(I) rings) in which Re(I)-diimine-biscarbonyl complexes are connected to each other through bisphosphine bridging ligands exhibit very suitable photophysical and electrochemical properties as redox photosensitizers. We developed two approaches for synthesizing Re(I) rings connected with a Ru(II) complex: cyclization of a linear Re(I) trinuclear complex connected with a Ru(II) complex and Mizoroki-Heck coupling of a ring-shaped Re(I) trinuclear complex and a Ru(II) complex. Photophysical measurements of these heteromultinuclear complexes and comparisons with their model complexes indicated that they exhibit efficient light-harvesting abilities, where energy transfer from the excited ring-shaped Re(I) trinuclear complex unit to the Ru(II) complex unit proceeds efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Jana Rohacova
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Koike
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Onda K, Ohkubo K, Yamazaki Y, Koike K, Tanaka S, Ishitani O. Direct Measurement of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Series of Artificial Photosynthesis Processes. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920509037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have directly determined the intramolecular electron transfer rate and revealed its mechanism in supramolecular complexes during CO2 photoreduction by time-resolved infrared spectroscopic measurements over a wide temporal range.
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Koike K, Grills DC, Tamaki Y, Fujita E, Okubo K, Yamazaki Y, Saigo M, Mukuta T, Onda K, Ishitani O. Investigation of excited state, reductive quenching, and intramolecular electron transfer of Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction using time-resolved IR measurements. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2961-2974. [PMID: 29719677 PMCID: PMC5897880 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular photocatalysts in which Ru(ii) photosensitizer and Re(i) catalyst units are connected to each other by an ethylene linker are among the best known, most effective and durable photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction. In this paper we report, for the first time, time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectra of three of these binuclear complexes to uncover why the catalysts function so efficiently. Selective excitation of the Ru unit with a 532 nm laser pulse induces slow intramolecular electron transfer from the 3MLCT excited state of the Ru unit to the Re unit, with rate constants of (1.0-1.1) × 104 s-1 as a major component and (3.5-4.3) × 106 s-1 as a minor component, in acetonitrile. The produced charge-separated state has a long lifetime, with charge recombination rate constants of only (6.5-8.4) × 104 s-1. Thus, although it has a large driving force (-ΔG0CR ∼ 2.6 eV), this process is in the Marcus inverted region. On the other hand, in the presence of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), reductive quenching of the excited Ru unit proceeds much faster (kq[BNAH (0.2 M)] = (3.5-3.8) × 106 s-1) than the abovementioned intramolecular oxidative quenching, producing the one-electron-reduced species (OERS) of the Ru unit. Nanosecond TRIR data clearly show that intramolecular electron transfer from the OERS of the Ru unit to the Re unit (kET > 2 × 107 s-1) is much faster than from the excited state of the Ru unit, and that it is also faster than the reductive quenching process of the excited Ru unit by BNAH. To measure the exact value of kET, picosecond TRIR spectroscopy and a stronger reductant were used. Thus, in the case of the binuclear complex with tri(p-fluorophenyl)phosphine ligands (RuRe(FPh)), for which intramolecular electron transfer is expected to be the fastest among the three binuclear complexes, in the presence of 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH), kET was measured as kET = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 109 s-1. This clearly shows that intramolecular electron transfer in these RuRe binuclear supramolecular photocatalysts is not the rate-determining process in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, which is one of the main reasons why they work so efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Koike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 16-1 Onogawa , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8569 , Japan .
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY 11973-5000 , USA .
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY 11973-5000 , USA .
| | - Kei Okubo
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Masaki Saigo
- Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan .
| | - Tatsuhiko Mukuta
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan .
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1, E1-9 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
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Morimoto T, Ishitani O. Modulation of the Photophysical, Photochemical, and Electrochemical Properties of Re(I) Diimine Complexes by Interligand Interactions. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2673-2683. [PMID: 28994292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes have attracted considerable attention because of their recent applications as photocatalysts in artificial photosynthesis and organic synthesis, as light emitters in electroluminescent (EL) devices, and as dyes in solar cells. The general control methods cannot be always used to obtain transition metal complexes with photochemical properties that are suitable for the above-mentioned applications. In the fields of solar energy conversion, strong metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption of redox photosensitizers and/or photocatalysts in the visible region with long wavelength is essential. However, the usual methods, i.e., introduction of electron-withdrawing groups into the electron-accepting ligand and/or weak-field ligands into the central metal, have several drawbacks, including shorter excited-state lifetime, lower emission efficiency, and lower oxidation and reduction power. Herein we describe a new method to control the photophysical, photochemical, and electrochemical properties of Re(I) diimine carbonyl complexes that have been widely used in various fields such as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and emitters in EL devices and sensors. This method involves the introduction of interligand interactions (π-π and CH-π interactions) into the Re(I) complexes; the aromatic diimine ligand coordinating to the Re center approaches the aryl groups on the phosphine ligand or ligands at the cis position, which "compulsorily" induces a weak interaction between these aromatic groups. As a result of this interligand interaction, the Re complexes with the aromatic diimine ligand and the arylphosphine ligand(s) exhibit red-shifted 1MLCT absorption but afford blue-shifted emission from the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) excited state. This increases the oxidation power and lifetime of the 3MLCT excited state. These unique property changes are favorable, particularly for redox photosensitizers. The interligand interaction is strongly expressed by the ring-shaped multinuclear Re(I) complexes (Re-rings). In the case of Re-rings with high steric hindrance due to a small inner cavity, the lifetime of the 3MLCT excited state is up to 8 μs and the emission quantum yield is up to 70%. These properties cannot be obtained by the corresponding mononuclear Re(I) complexes, which generally exhibit shorter lifetimes (<1 μs) and lower emission quantum yields (<10%). Some of the Re-rings could be successfully applied as efficient photosensitizers in photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction; the highest quantum yields for CO2 reduction were achieved by using photocatalytic systems composed of Re-rings as the photosensitizers and Re(I) (82%), Ru(II) (58%), and Mn(I) (48%) complexes as catalysts. This interligand interaction potentially provides unique and useful methods for controlling the photophysical, photochemical, and electrochemical functions of various metal complexes, paving the way to create new functions for metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Morimoto
- School
of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Mukuta T, Simpson PV, Vaughan JG, Skelton BW, Stagni S, Massi M, Koike K, Ishitani O, Onda K. Photochemical Processes in a Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Studied by Time-Resolved Measurements. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3404-3413. [PMID: 28240873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We carried out time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) and emission lifetime measurements on a Re(I) carbonyl complex having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, namely, fac-[Re(CO)3(PyImPh)Br], under photochemically reactive (in solution in acetonitrile) and nonreactive (in solution in dichloromethane) conditions to investigate the mechanism of photochemical ligand substitution reactions. The TR-IR measurements revealed that no reaction occurs on a picosecond time scale and the cationic product, namely, fac-[Re(CO)3(PyImPh)(MeCN)]+, is produced on a nanosecond time scale only in solution in acetonitrile, which indicates that the reaction proceeds thermally from the excited state. Because no other products were observed by TR-IR, we concluded that this cationic product is an intermediate species for further reactions. The measurements of the temperature-dependent emission lifetime and analysis using transition-state theory revealed that the photochemical substitution reaction proceeds from a metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state, the structure of which allows the potential coordination of a solvent molecule. Thus, the coordinating capacity of the solvent determines whether the reaction proceeds or not. This mechanism is different from those of photochemical reactions of other types of Re(I) carbonyl complexes owing to the unique characteristics of the carbene ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Mukuta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jamila G Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian W Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia , Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari," University of Bologna , viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University , Kent Street, Bentley, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kazuhide Koike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Interactive Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Rohacova J, Ishitani O. Photofunctional multinuclear rhenium(i) diimine carbonyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8899-8919. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the synthesis, photophysical properties and applications of a wide variety of multinuclear complexes consisting of Re(i)-diimine-carbonyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rohacova
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo
- Japan
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