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Zhang P, Hoang VH, Wang C, Luu TT, Svoboda V, Le AT, Wörner HJ. Effects of Autoionizing Resonances on Wave-Packet Dynamics Studied by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153201. [PMID: 37115860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the effect of autoionizing resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The coherent excitation of N_{2} by ∼14.15 eV extreme-ultraviolet photons prepares a superposition of three dominant adjacent vibrational levels (v^{'}=14-16) in the valence b^{'} ^{1}Σ_{u}^{+} state, which are probed by the absorption of two or three near-infrared photons (800 nm). The superposition manifests itself as coherent oscillations in the measured photoelectron spectra. A quantum-mechanical simulation confirms that two autoionizing Rydberg states converging to the excited A ^{2}Π_{u} and B ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} N_{2}^{+} cores are accessed by the resonant absorption of near-infrared photons. We show that these resonances apply different filters to the observation of the vibrational wave packet, which results in different phases and amplitudes of the oscillating photoelectron signal depending on the nature of the autoionizing resonance. This work clarifies the importance of resonances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and particularly reveals the phase of vibrational quantum beats as a powerful observable for characterizing the properties of such resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Van-Hung Hoang
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, SAR Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vít Svoboda
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 196A Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Nisoli M. Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:066401. [PMID: 35294930 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Multiphoton Resonance in Attosecond Transient Absorption. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present the theory and simulation of attosecond transient absorption in helium atoms under the single-active-electron approximation. This study investigates the attosecond dynamics of intrinsic atomic states that interact with a field comprising vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) fields. The absorption spectrum of the helium atom is obtained from the response function, which is constructed by numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We observe a fine structure near the intrinsic atomic level, which is modulated with a 0.2 fs period. Based on high-order time-dependent perturbation theory, the frequency-dependent phase of the dipole response induced by the VUV and XUV fields is analytically obtained, and the fine structure is well explained by the phase difference. In addition, the absorption fringes are dependent on the chirp of the VUV field. This study investigates the features of the attosecond transient absorption in the VUV region, which may have valuable applications in the study of ultrafast phenomena in atoms, molecules, and solids.
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4
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Komarova K, Remacle F, Levine RD. The density matrix via few dominant observables: The quantum interference in the isotope effect for atto-pumped N 2. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024109. [PMID: 34266251 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atto- and sub-femto-photochemistry enables preparation of molecules in a coherent superposition of several electronic states. Recently [Ajay et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, 5890-5895 (2018)], we examined an effect of the nuclear mass during the non-adiabatic transfer between strongly coupled Rydberg and valence electronic states in N2 excited by an ultrafast pulse. Here, we develop and analyze an algebraic description for the density matrix and its logarithm, the surprisal, in such a superposition of states with a focus on the essentially quantum effect of mass. This allows for the identification of a few observables that accurately characterize the density matrix of the system with several coupled electron-nuclear states. We compact the time evolution in terms of time-dependent coefficients of these observables. Using the few observables, we derive an analytical expression for the time-dependent surprisal. This provides a mass-dependent phase factor only in the observables off-diagonal in the electronic index. The isotope effect is shown to be explicitly driven by the shift in the equilibrium position of the valence state potential. It is analytically given as a time-dependent phase factor describing the interference in the overlap of the two wave packets on the coupled electronic states. This phase factorizes as a product of classical and quantal contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komarova
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - F Remacle
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - R D Levine
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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5
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Lin YC, Fidler AP, Sandhu A, Lucchese RR, McCurdy CW, Leone SR, Neumark DM. Coupled nuclear-electronic decay dynamics of O 2 inner valence excited states revealed by attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:537-554. [PMID: 33595034 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Rydberg series converging to the O2+c4Σ-u state, accessed by 20-25 eV extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light, serve as important model systems for the competition between nuclear dissociation and electronic autoionization. The dynamics of the lowest member of these series, the 3sσg state around 21 eV, has been challenging to study owing to its ultra-short lifetime (<10 fs). Here, we apply transient wave-mixing spectroscopy with an attosecond XUV pulse to investigate the decay dynamics of this electronic state. Lifetimes of 5.8 ± 0.5 fs and 4.5 ± 0.7 fs at 95% confidence intervals are obtained for v = 0 and v = 1 vibrational levels of the 3s Rydberg state, respectively. A theoretical treatment of predissociation and electronic autoionization finds that these lifetimes are dominated by electronic autoionization. The strong dependence of the electronic autoionization rate on the internuclear distance because of two ionic decay channels that cross the 3s Rydberg state results in the different lifetimes of the two vibrational levels. The calculated lifetimes are highly sensitive to the location of the 3s potential with respect to the decay channels; by slight adjustment of the location, values of 6.2 and 5.0 fs are obtained computationally for the v = 0 and v = 1 levels, respectively, in good agreement with experiment. Overall, an intriguing picture of the coupled nuclear-electronic dynamics is revealed by attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopy, indicating that the decay dynamics are not a simple competition between isolated autoionization and predissociation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Cheng Lin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ashley P Fidler
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Arvinder Sandhu
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Robert R Lucchese
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - C William McCurdy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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6
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Symmetry of molecular Rydberg states revealed by XUV transient absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5269. [PMID: 31754226 PMCID: PMC6872753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption spectroscopy is utilized extensively for measurements of bound- and quasibound-state dynamics of atoms and molecules. The extension of this technique into the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region with attosecond pulses has the potential to attain unprecedented time resolution. Here we apply this technique to aligned-in-space molecules. The XUV pulses are much shorter than the time during which the molecules remain aligned, typically \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$<$$\end{document}<100 fs. However, transient absorption is not an instantaneous probe, because long-lived coherences re-emit for picoseconds to nanoseconds. Due to dephasing of the rotational wavepacket, it is not clear if these coherences will be evident in the absorption spectrum, and whether the properties of the initial excitations will be preserved. We studied Rydberg states of N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2 and O\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2 from 12 to 23 eV. We were able to determine the polarization direction of the electronic transitions, and hence identify the symmetry of the final states. Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to identify the structural characteristics of the atoms and molecules. Here the authors used extreme ultraviolet transient absorption spectroscopy to identify the Rydberg state symmetry of aligned molecules.
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Komarova KG, Remacle F, Levine RD. Time resolved mechanism of the isotope selectivity in the ultrafast light induced dissociation in N2. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia G. Komarova
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Francoise Remacle
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MolSys B6c, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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8
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Yuan G, Jiang S, Wang Z, Hua W, Yu C, Jin C, Lu R. The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:054102. [PMID: 31649962 PMCID: PMC6796354 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on a multilevel model considering enough bound electronic states of atoms, we theoretically study the role of the transition dipole phase (TDP) in the attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectrum of helium in intense laser fields. By solving the stationary Schrödinger equation with B-spline basis sets, we first calculate the transition dipole moments with well-defined phases between the bound states. Using the modified multilevel model, we reveal that the TDP plays an important role in determining the spectral structures if two or more paths populate the excited states from the ground state. Our multilevel model with the accurate TDP is convenient to address the origin of atomic ATA spectral structures by freely removing or adding specific electronic states and has been justified by comparing with the ATA spectra via directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Hopefully, further incorporating macroscopic propagation into the model will provide indepth physical insights into experimental ATA spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Hua
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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9
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Drescher L, Reitsma G, Witting T, Patchkovskii S, Mikosch J, Vrakking MJJ. State-Resolved Probing of Attosecond Timescale Molecular Dipoles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:265-269. [PMID: 30547594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of iodomethane attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) in the region of iodine 4d core-to-valence/Rydberg excitation. Similar to previous atomic experiments, extreme ultraviolet near-infrared (XUV-NIR) delay-dependent absorbance changes reflect a light-induced phase due to an NIR-field driven AC Stark shift of the excited states, as well as pathway interferences arising from couplings between neighboring states. As a novel aspect of molecular ATAS, we observe pronounced differences between the ATAS signatures of valence and Rydberg states. While the core-to-valence transitions carry the majority of the XUV oscillator strength, the core-to-Rydberg transitions are dominantly affected by a moderately strong, nonionizing NIR field. Our experimental findings are corroborated by ab initio calculations and ATAS simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Drescher
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - G Reitsma
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - T Witting
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - S Patchkovskii
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - J Mikosch
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - M J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2A , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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10
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Marroux HJB, Fidler AP, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Multidimensional spectroscopy with attosecond extreme ultraviolet and shaped near-infrared pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau3783. [PMID: 30276268 PMCID: PMC6162074 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics following excitation with attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses arise from enormous numbers of accessible excited states, complicating the retrieval of state-specific time evolutions. We develop attosecond XUV multidimensional spectroscopy here to separate interfering pathways on a near-infrared (NIR) energy axis, retrieving single state dynamics in argon atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) XUV-NIR spectrum. In this experiment, we measure four-wave mixing signal arising from the interaction of XUV attosecond pulses centered around 15 eV with two few-cycle NIR pulses. The 2D spectrum is created by measuring the emitted XUV signal field spectrum while applying narrowband amplitude and phase modulations to one of the NIR pulses. Application of such a technique to systems of high dimensionality will provide for the observation of state-resolved pure electronic dynamics, in direct analogy to phenomena unraveled by multidimensional spectroscopies at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J. B. Marroux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ashley P. Fidler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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12
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Harkema N, Bækhøj JE, Liao CT, Gaarde MB, Schafer KJ, Sandhu A. Controlling attosecond transient absorption with tunable, non-commensurate light fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3357-3360. [PMID: 30004505 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a transient absorption scheme that uses a fixed-spectrum attosecond pulse train in conjunction with a tunable probe laser to access a wide range of nonlinear light-atom interactions. We exhibit control over the time-dependent Autler-Townes splitting of the 1s4p absorption line in helium, and study its evolution from a resonant doublet to a light-induced sideband with changing probe wavelength. The non-commensurate probe also allows for the background-free study of two-infrared-photon emission processes in a collinear geometry. Using this capability, we observe two different emission pathways with non-trivial delay dependencies, one prompt and the other delayed. We identify the nonlinear processes underlying these emissions by comparing the experimental results to calculations based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
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13
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Bækhøj JE, Lévêque C, Madsen LB. Signatures of a Conical Intersection in Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:023203. [PMID: 30085699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.023203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We characterize attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) in molecules with coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics in the vicinity of a conical intersection between adiabatic potential energy surfaces. With respect to ATAS, the nonadiabatic vibronic coupling strength can be divided into weak, intermediate, and strong, and the characteristics of spectra belonging to each of these domains are discussed. The results can guide the analysis of ATAS experiments in molecules with conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E Bækhøj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Camille Lévêque
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Warrick ER, Fidler AP, Cao W, Bloch E, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Multiple pulse coherent dynamics and wave packet control of the N2 a′′ 1Σ+g dark state by attosecond four-wave mixing. Faraday Discuss 2018; 212:157-174. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dark states of molecular nitrogen in the XUV region are spectroscopically investigated using few-femtosecond dynamic wave packet control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R. Warrick
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ashley P. Fidler
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Etienne Bloch
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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