1
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Hutton L, Moreno Carrascosa A, Prentice AW, Simmermacher M, Runeson JE, Paterson MJ, Kirrander A. Using a multistate mapping approach to surface hopping to predict the ultrafast electron diffraction signal of gas-phase cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204307. [PMID: 38814011 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the recently developed multistate mapping approach to surface hopping (multistate MASH) method combined with SA(3)-CASSCF(12,12)/aug-cc-pVDZ electronic structure calculations, the gas-phase isotropic ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) of cyclobutanone is predicted and analyzed. After excitation into the n-3s Rydberg state (S2), cyclobutanone can relax through two S2/S1 conical intersections, one characterized by compression of the CO bond and the other by dissociation of the α-CC bond. Subsequent transfer into the ground state (S0) is then achieved via two additional S1/S0 conical intersections that lead to three reaction pathways: α ring-opening, ethene/ketene production, and CO liberation. The isotropic gas-phase UED signal is predicted from the multistate MASH simulations, allowing for a direct comparison to the experimental data. This work, which is a contribution to the cyclobutanone prediction challenge, facilitates the identification of the main photoproducts in the UED signal and thereby emphasizes the importance of dynamics simulations for the interpretation of ultrafast experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Hutton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Moreno Carrascosa
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Prentice
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mats Simmermacher
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johan E Runeson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kirrander
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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2
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Gabalski I, Sere M, Acheson K, Allum F, Boutet S, Dixit G, Forbes R, Glownia JM, Goff N, Hegazy K, Howard AJ, Liang M, Minitti MP, Minns RS, Natan A, Peard N, Rasmus WO, Sension RJ, Ware MR, Weber PM, Werby N, Wolf TJA, Kirrander A, Bucksbaum PH. Transient vibration and product formation of photoexcited CS 2 measured by time-resolved x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164305. [PMID: 36319419 PMCID: PMC9625835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed details of the internal motion and dissociation channels in photoexcited carbon disulfide (CS2) using time-resolved x-ray scattering (TRXS). Photoexcitation of gas-phase CS2 with a 200 nm laser pulse launches oscillatory bending and stretching motion, leading to dissociation of atomic sulfur in under a picosecond. During the first 300 fs following excitation, we observe significant changes in the vibrational frequency as well as some dissociation of the C-S bond, leading to atomic sulfur in the both 1D and 3P states. Beyond 1400 fs, the dissociation is consistent with primarily 3P atomic sulfur dissociation. This channel-resolved measurement of the dissociation time is based on our analysis of the time-windowed dissociation radial velocity distribution, which is measured using the temporal Fourier transform of the TRXS data aided by a Hough transform that extracts the slopes of linear features in an image. The relative strength of the two dissociation channels reflects both their branching ratio and differences in the spread of their dissociation times. Measuring the time-resolved dissociation radial velocity distribution aids the resolution of discrepancies between models for dissociation proposed by prior photoelectron spectroscopy work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gabalski
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | - Kyle Acheson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gopal Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nathan Goff
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Mengning Liang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael P. Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Russell S. Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nolan Peard
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Weronika O. Rasmus
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew R. Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Kirrander
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Razmus WO, Acheson K, Bucksbaum P, Centurion M, Champenois E, Gabalski I, Hoffman MC, Howard A, Lin MF, Liu Y, Nunes P, Saha S, Shen X, Ware M, Warne EM, Weinacht T, Wilkin K, Yang J, Wolf TJA, Kirrander A, Minns RS, Forbes R. Multichannel photodissociation dynamics in CS 2 studied by ultrafast electron diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15416-15427. [PMID: 35707953 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural dynamics of photoexcited gas-phase carbon disulfide (CS2) molecules are investigated using ultrafast electron diffraction. The dynamics were triggered by excitation of the optically bright 1B2(1Σu+) state by an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse centred at 200 nm. In accordance with previous studies, rapid vibrational motion facilitates a combination of internal conversion and intersystem crossing to lower-lying electronic states. Photodissociation via these electronic manifolds results in the production of CS fragments in the electronic ground state and dissociated singlet and triplet sulphur atoms. The structural dynamics are extracted from the experiment using a trajectory-fitting filtering approach, revealing the main characteristics of the singlet and triplet dissociation pathways. Finally, the effect of the time-resolution on the experimental signal is considered and an outlook to future experiments provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika O Razmus
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Kyle Acheson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Philip Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Elio Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthias C Hoffman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
| | - Andrew Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
| | - Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Pedro Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Sajib Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Emily M Warne
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Kyle Wilkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Russell S Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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4
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Zhao M, Li ZX, Xie T, Chang Y, Wu FY, Wang Q, Chen WT, Wang T, Wang XA, Yuan KJ, Yang XM. Photodissociation dynamics of CS 2 near 204 nm: The S( 3P J)+CS( X1Σ +) channels. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-xing Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fu-yan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Science, Sothern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing-an Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai-jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xue-ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Science, Sothern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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5
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Warne EM, Smith AD, Horke DA, Springate E, Jones AJH, Cacho C, Chapman RT, Minns RS. Time resolved detection of the S(1D) product of the UV induced dissociation of CS2. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0035045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Warne
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D. Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred J. H. Jones
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Cephise Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T. Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Russell S. Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Oliveira AP, Jalbert G, Rocha AB. Generalized oscillator strengths of carbon disulfide calculated by multireference configuration interaction. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174116. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ginette Jalbert
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Instituto de Física, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - A. B. Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
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7
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Imaging the Renner-Teller effect using laser-induced electron diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8173-8177. [PMID: 30952783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817465116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural information on electronically excited neutral molecules can be indirectly retrieved, largely through pump-probe and rotational spectroscopy measurements with the aid of calculations. Here, we demonstrate the direct structural retrieval of neutral carbonyl disulfide (CS2) in the [Formula: see text] excited electronic state using laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED). We unambiguously identify the ultrafast symmetric stretching and bending of the field-dressed neutral CS2 molecule with combined picometer and attosecond resolution using intrapulse pump-probe excitation and measurement. We invoke the Renner-Teller effect to populate the [Formula: see text] excited state in neutral CS2, leading to bending and stretching of the molecule. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of LIED in retrieving the geometric structure of CS2, which is known to appear as a two-center scatterer.
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8
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Bellshaw D, Minns RS, Kirrander A. Correspondence between electronic structure calculations and simulations: nonadiabatic dynamics in CS2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14226-14237. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice of ab initio electronic structure method is an important factor in determining the fidelity of nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Bellshaw
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Russell S. Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
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9
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Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Nonadiabatic dynamics: The SHARC approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018; 8:e1370. [PMID: 30450129 PMCID: PMC6220962 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the Surface Hopping including ARbitrary Couplings (SHARC) approach for excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. As a generalization of the popular surface hopping method, SHARC allows simulating the full-dimensional dynamics of molecules including any type of coupling terms beyond nonadiabatic couplings. Examples of these arbitrary couplings include spin-orbit couplings or dipole moment-laser field couplings, such that SHARC can describe ultrafast internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and radiative processes. The key step of the SHARC approach consists of a diagonalization of the Hamiltonian including these couplings, such that the nuclear dynamics is carried out on potential energy surfaces including the effects of the couplings-this is critical in any applications considering, for example, transition metal complexes or strong laser fields. We also give an overview over the new SHARC2.0 dynamics software package, released under the GNU General Public License, which implements the SHARC approach and several analysis tools. The review closes with a brief survey of applications where SHARC was employed to study the nonadiabatic dynamics of a wide range of molecular systems. This article is categorized under: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and KineticsSoftware > Simulation MethodsSoftware > Quantum Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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10
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Mai S, Plasser F, Pabst M, Neese F, Köhn A, González L. Surface hopping dynamics including intersystem crossing using the algebraic diagrammatic construction method. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:184109. [PMID: 29141436 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an implementation for employing the algebraic diagrammatic construction to second order [ADC(2)] ab initio electronic structure level of theory in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in the framework of the SHARC (surface hopping including arbitrary couplings) dynamics method. The implementation is intended to enable computationally efficient, reliable, and easy-to-use nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of intersystem crossing in organic molecules. The methodology is evaluated for the 2-thiouracil molecule. It is shown that ADC(2) yields reliable excited-state energies, wave functions, and spin-orbit coupling terms for this molecule. Dynamics simulations are compared to previously reported results using high-level multi-state complete active space perturbation theory, showing favorable agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Pabst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Stankus B, Zotev N, Rogers DM, Gao Y, Odate A, Kirrander A, Weber PM. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of 1,4-diiodobenzene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Stankus
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Nikola Zotev
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Asami Odate
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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12
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Smith AD, Warne EM, Bellshaw D, Horke DA, Tudorovskya M, Springate E, Jones AJH, Cacho C, Chapman RT, Kirrander A, Minns RS. Mapping the Complete Reaction Path of a Complex Photochemical Reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183003. [PMID: 29775354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the dynamics of dissociating CS_{2} molecules across the entire reaction pathway upon excitation. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements using laboratory-generated femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses monitor the competing dissociation, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing dynamics. Dissociation occurs either in the initially excited singlet manifold or, via intersystem crossing, in the triplet manifold. Both product channels are monitored and show that, despite being more rapid, the singlet dissociation is the minor product and that triplet state products dominate the final yield. We explain this by a consideration of accurate potential energy curves for both the singlet and triplet states. We propose that rapid internal conversion stabilizes the singlet population dynamically, allowing for singlet-triplet relaxation via intersystem crossing and the efficient formation of spin-forbidden dissociation products on longer timescales. The study demonstrates the importance of measuring the full reaction pathway for defining accurate reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Smith
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M Warne
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Bellshaw
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Tudorovskya
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred J H Jones
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Cephise Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Russell S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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13
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Fundamental Limits on Spatial Resolution in Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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