1
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Calio PB, Hermes MR, Bao JJ, Galván IF, Lindh R, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Minimum-Energy Conical Intersections by Compressed Multistate Pair-Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1698-1706. [PMID: 38407944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Compressed multistate pair-density functional theory (CMS-PDFT) is a multistate version of multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory that can capture the correct topology of coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs) around conical intersections. In this work, we develop interstate coupling vectors (ISCs) for CMS-PDFT in the OpenMolcas and PySCF/mrh electronic structure packages. Yet, the main focus of this work is using ISCs to calculate minimum-energy conical intersections (MECIs) by CMS-PDFT. This is performed using the projected constrained optimization method in OpenMolcas, which uses ISCs to restrain the iterations to the conical intersection seam. We optimize the S1/S0 MECIs for ethylene, butadiene, and benzene and show that CMS-PDFT gives smooth PESs in the vicinities of the MECIs. Furthermore, the CMS-PDFT MECIs are in good agreement with the MECI calculated by the more expensive XMS-CASPT2 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Calio
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
| | - Matthew R Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
| | - Jie J Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | | | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
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2
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Hatanaka M, Kato H, Sakai M, Kariya K, Nakatani S, Yoshimura T, Inagaki T. Insights into the Luminescence Quantum Yields of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: A Density Functional Theory and Machine Learning Approach. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7630-7637. [PMID: 37651718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been used in various optical materials, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photocatalysts, and a deeper understanding and prediction of their luminescence quantum yields (LQYs) greatly aid in accelerating material design. In this study, we integrated density functional theory (DFT) calculations with machine learning (ML) techniques to extract factors controlling LQY. Although a substantial data set of Ir(III) complexes and their LQYs is indispensable for constructing accurate ML models to predict LQYs, generating this type of data set is challenging due to the complexities associated with ab initio calculations of LQYs. To address this issue, we investigated the nonradiative decay process of nine Ir(III) complexes emitting blue to green, each exhibiting varying experimental LQYs, by using DFT calculations. For all nine complexes, the quenching process was induced by the rotation of the single bond in one of the ligands, which converted the six-coordinate structure to the five-coordinate structure. Since the decay mechanism was common for the nine Ir(III) complexes, parameters correlated with LQYs could be used as objective variables instead of LQYs. Based on this idea, we collected a data set featuring Ir(III) complexes and the energy differences between their six- and five-coordinate triplet structures, which correlated with LQYs. We also constructed ML models using the calculated LQYs as the objective variables with the parameters from the ground-state calculations as explanatory variables. The analyses of the constructed model revealed that the LUMO energy of the ligand made the most significant negative contribution to LQY. This suggests that the potential energy surface of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state, which stabilizes the six-coordinate structure, is reduced by decreasing the energy of the unoccupied orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiromoto Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Minami Sakai
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikokma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kariya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taichi Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Harabuchi Y, Hayashi H, Takano H, Mita T, Maeda S. Oxidation and Reduction Pathways in the Knowles Hydroamination via a Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211936. [PMID: 36336664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systematic reaction path exploration revealed the entire mechanism of Knowles's light-promoted catalytic intramolecular hydroamination. Bond formation/cleavage competes with single electron transfer (SET) between the catalyst and substrate. These processes are described by adiabatic processes through transition states in an electronic state and non-radiative transitions through the seam of crossings (SX) between different electronic states. This study determined the energetically favorable SET path by introducing a practical computational model representing SET as non-adiabatic transitions via SXs between substrate's potential energy surfaces for different charge states adjusted based on the catalyst's redox potential. Calculations showed that the reduction and proton shuttle process proceeded concertedly. Also, the relative importance of SET paths (giving the product and leading back to the reactant) varies depending on the catalyst's redox potential, affecting the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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4
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Maeda S, Harabuchi Y. Exploring paths of chemical transformations in molecular and periodic systems: An approach utilizing force. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI‐ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI‐ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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5
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Kinoshita SN, Harabuchi Y, Inokuchi Y, Maeda S, Ehara M, Yamazaki K, Ebata T. Substitution effect on the nonradiative decay and trans → cis photoisomerization route: a guideline to develop efficient cinnamate-based sunscreens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:834-845. [PMID: 33284297 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamate derivatives are very useful as UV protectors in nature and as sunscreen reagents in daily life. They convert harmful UV energy to thermal energy through effective nonradiative decay (NRD) including trans → cis photoisomerization. However, the mechanism is not simple because different photoisomeirzation routes have been observed for different substituted cinnamates. Here, we theoretically examined the substitution effects at the phenyl ring of methylcinnamate (MC), a non-substituted cinnamate, on the electronic structure and the NRD route involving trans → cis isomerization based on time-dependent density functional theory. A systematic reaction pathway search using the single-component artificial force-induced reaction method shows that the very efficient photoisomerization route of MC can be essentially described as "1ππ* (trans) → 1nπ* → T1 (3ππ*) → S0 (trans or cis)". We found that for efficient 1ππ* (trans) → 1nπ* internal conversion (IC), MC should have the substituent at the appropriate position of the phenyl ring to stabilize the highest occupied π orbital. Substitution at the para position of MC slightly lowers the 1ππ* state energy and photoisomerization occurs via a slightly less efficient "1ππ* (trans) → 3nπ* → T1 (3ππ*) → S0 (trans or cis)" pathway. Substitution at the meta or ortho positions of MC significantly lowers the 1ππ* state energy so that the energy barrier of IC (1ππ* → 1nπ*) becomes very high. This substitution leads to a much longer 1ππ* state lifetime than that of MC and para-substituted MC, and a change in the dominant photoisomerization route to "1ππ* (trans) → C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond twisting on 1ππ* → S0 (trans or cis)". As a whole, the "1ππ* → 1nπ*" IC observed in MC is the most important initial step for the rapid change of UV energy to thermal energy. We also found that the stabilization of the π orbital (i) minimizes the energy gap between 1ππ* and 1nπ* at the 1ππ* minimum and (ii) makes the 0-0 level of 1ππ* higher than 1nπ* as observed in MC. These MC-like relationships between the 1ππ* and 1nπ* energies should be ideal to maximize the "1ππ* → 1nπ*" IC rate constant according to Marcus theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Nosuke Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- SOKENDAI, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science, 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ebata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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6
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Park JW. Analytical First-Order Derivatives of Second-Order Extended Multiconfiguration Quasi-Degenerate Perturbation Theory (XMCQDPT2): Implementation and Application. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5562-5571. [PMID: 32786905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analytical gradient theory for the second-order extended multiconfiguration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (XMCQDPT2), which can be regarded as the multistate version of the multireference second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MRMP2), is formulated and implemented. The theory is similar to the previous analytical gradient theory for MCQDPT2, but we take into account the intruder state avoidance (ISA) technique and the "extension" of the MCQDPT2 theory by Granovsky. Although the (X)MCQDPT2 theory is not invariant with respect to rotations among the active orbitals, the resulting analytical gradients are accurate. We demonstrate the utility of the current algorithm in optimizing the minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) of ethylene, butadiene, benzene, the retinal model chromophore PSB3, and the green fluorescent protein model chromophore pHBI. The XMCQDPT2 MECIs are very similar to the XMS-CASPT2 MECIs in terms of molecular conformation and the computed energies. We also discuss possible improvements of the current algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Cheongju 28644, Korea
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7
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Locating conical intersections using the quasidegenerate partially and strongly contracted NEVPT2 methods. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Ikemoto K, Tokuhira T, Uetani A, Harabuchi Y, Sato S, Maeda S, Isobe H. Fluorescence Enhancement of Aromatic Macrocycles by Lowering Excited Singlet State Energies. J Org Chem 2019; 85:150-157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tokuhira
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akari Uetani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Harabuchi Y, Hatanaka M, Maeda S. Exploring approximate geometries of minimum energy conical intersections by TDDFT calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpletx.2019.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Fumanal M, Harabuchi Y, Gindensperger E, Maeda S, Daniel C. Excited‐State Reactivity of [Mn(im)(CO)
3
(phen)]
+
: A Structural Exploration. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:72-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, Strasbourg F‐67008 France
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐0810 Japan
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, Strasbourg F‐67008 France
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐0810 Japan
- CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo 102‐8666 Japan
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, Strasbourg F‐67008 France
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Saita K, Takagi M, Harabuchi Y, Okada H, Maeda S. Exploring potential crossing seams in periodic systems: Intersystem crossing pathways in the benzene crystal. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:072329. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5025023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Haruki Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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12
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Kinoshita SN, Miyazaki Y, Sumida M, Onitsuka Y, Kohguchi H, Inokuchi Y, Akai N, Shiraogawa T, Ehara M, Yamazaki K, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Ebata T. Different photoisomerization routes found in the structural isomers of hydroxy methylcinnamate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17583-17598. [PMID: 29693100 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An experimental and theoretical study has been carried out to elucidate the nonradiative decay (NRD) and trans(E) → cis(Z) isomerization from the S1 (1ππ*) state of structural isomers of hydroxy methylcinnamate (HMC); ortho-, meta- and para-HMC (o-, m- and p-HMC). A low temperature matrix-isolation Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study revealed that all the HMCs are cis-isomerized upon UV irradiation. A variety of laser spectroscopic methods have been utilized for jet-cooled gas phase molecules to investigate the vibronic structure and lifetimes of the S1 state, and to detect the transient state appearing in the NRD process. In p-HMC, the zero-point level of the S1 state decays as quickly as 9 ps. A transient electronic state reported by Tan et al. (Faraday Discuss. 2013, 163, 321-340) was reinvestigated by nanosecond UV-tunable deep UV pump-probe spectroscopy and was assigned to the T1 state. For m- and o-HMC, the lifetime at the zero-point energy level of S1 is 10 ns and 6 ns, respectively, but it becomes substantially shorter at an excess energy higher than 1000 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, respectively, indicating the onset of NRD. Different from p-HMC, no transient state (T1) was observed in m- nor o-HMC. These experimental results are interpreted with the aid of TDDFT calculations by considering the excited-state reaction pathways and the radiative/nonradiative rate constants. It is concluded that in p-HMC, the trans → cis isomerization proceeds via a [trans-S1 → 1nπ* → T1 → cis-S0] scheme. On the other hand, in o- and m-HMC, the isomerization proceeds via a [trans-S1 → twisting along the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond by 90° on S1 → cis-S0] scheme. The calculated barrier height along the twisting coordinate agrees well with the observed onset of the NRD channel for both o- and m-HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Nosuke Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Harabuchi Y, Saita K, Maeda S. Exploring radiative and nonradiative decay paths in indole, isoindole, quinoline, and isoquinoline. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:315-322. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00385d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiative and nonradiative decay paths from the first excited singlet electronic state (S1) in four heteroaromatics, indole, isoindole, quinoline, and isoquinoline, were systematically explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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14
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Maeda S, Harabuchi Y, Takagi M, Saita K, Suzuki K, Ichino T, Sumiya Y, Sugiyama K, Ono Y. Implementation and performance of the artificial force induced reaction method in the GRRM17 program. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:233-251. [PMID: 29135034 PMCID: PMC5765425 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article reports implementation and performance of the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method in the upcoming 2017 version of GRRM program (GRRM17). The AFIR method, which is one of automated reaction path search methods, induces geometrical deformations in a system by pushing or pulling fragments defined in the system by an artificial force. In GRRM17, three different algorithms, that is, multicomponent algorithm (MC-AFIR), single-component algorithm (SC-AFIR), and double-sphere algorithm (DS-AFIR), are available, where the MC-AFIR was the only algorithm which has been available in the previous 2014 version. The MC-AFIR does automated sampling of reaction pathways between two or more reactant molecules. The SC-AFIR performs automated generation of global or semiglobal reaction path network. The DS-AFIR finds a single path between given two structures. Exploration of minimum energy structures within the hypersurface in which two different electronic states degenerate, and an interface with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method, are also described. A code termed SAFIRE will also be available, as a visualization software for complicated reaction path networks. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kimichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ichino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sumiya
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kanami Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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