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Muñoz-Castro A. N-Heterocyclic carbene derivatives to modify gold superatom characteristics. Tailorable electronic and optical properties of [Au 11(PPh 3) 7LCl 2] + as a cluster from relativistic DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5965-5973. [PMID: 35195620 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold superatoms are useful building blocks whose properties can be tuned by the proper choice of ligands in the protecting ligand layer. Herein, different N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derivatives of the prototypical [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]+ cluster were evaluated by the replacement of a single ligand, which led to isoelectronic [Au11(PPh3)7(NHC)Cl2]+ species, enabling further understanding of the possible changes in the resulting cluster properties. Our results reveal the great variation in the HOMO-LUMO gap and optical features when going from strong to weak σ-donor NHC ligands. The Au11 core retains similar features throughout the series, and the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) is further stabilized, indicating greater π*-NHC character for the weaker σ-donor ligands, which favors directional core-ligand optical charge transfer to a single ligand. The ligand-tailored behavior of the [Au11(PPh3)7LCl2]+ cluster underlies its tunable characteristics, indicating its potential use in novel devices as building blocks of nanostructured materials, which favors further versatility and applications of superatomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
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Wei J, Kahlal S, Halet JF, Saillard JY, Muñoz-Castro A. Insight Into the Stability and Electronic and Optical Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Halogen/Phosphine-Protected Au 13 Superatomic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:536-545. [PMID: 35044183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) belong to a relevant area offering useful templates with tunable properties toward functional nanostructures. In this work, we explored the feasible incorporation of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), as part of the protecting-ligand shell in AuNCs. Our results, which are based on the substitution of phosphine ligands in experimentally characterized AuNCs by NHCs in various eight-electron superatoms Au13 and M4Au9 (M = Cu, Ag), indicate similar electronic structure and stability but somewhat different optical properties. These findings support the feasible obtention of novel targets for explorative synthetic efforts featuring NHC ligands on medium-sized species based on the recurrent Au13 icosahedral core. The hypothetical species appear to be interesting templates for building blocks in nanostructured materials with tuned properties, which encourage experimental exploration of ligand versatility in homo- and heterometallic superatomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wei
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) - UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) - UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- CNRS-Saint-Gobain-NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) - UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 8910188 Santiago, Chile
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Cui D, Zhao HL, Kou JN, Sun CY, Wang X, Su ZM. Synthesis and multifunctional sensing of axially chiral tetranuclear europium clusters. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01554k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of chiral lanthanide metal clusters has always attracted interest of researchers. Herein, a pair of chlorine anion-induced axially chiral tetranuclear europium clusters, namely, [Eu4Cl2(R-BNP)8(EtOH)8(H2O)4]Cl2▪7H2O (R-4) and [Eu4Cl2(S-BNP)8(EtOH)8(H2O)4]Cl2▪7H2O (S-4)...
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Muñoz-Castro A. On the ligand role in determining the compact or extended metallic core architecture in gold superatoms. Evaluation of electronic and optical properties from relativistic DFT for [Au11(dppp)5]3+ and [Au11(dppe)6]3+ clusters. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wei J, Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Halet JF, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Muñoz-Castro A. On Heteronuclear Isoelectronic Alternatives to [Au13(dppe)5Cl2]3+: Electronic and Optical Properties of the 18-Electron Os@[Au12(dppe)5Cl2] Cluster from Relativistic Density Functional Theory Computations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8173-8180. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wei
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) − UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Peter L. Rodríguez-Kessler
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) − UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) − UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) − UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Domínguez-Castro A, Lien-Medrano CR, Maghrebi K, Messaoudi S, Frauenheim T, Fihey A. Photoinduced charge-transfer in chromophore-labeled gold nanoclusters: quantum evidence of the critical role of ligands and vibronic couplings. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6786-6797. [PMID: 33690747 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electron flow between a metallic aggregate and an organic molecule after excitation with light is a crucial step on which hybrid photovoltaic nanomaterials are based. So far, designing such devices with the help of theoretical approaches has been heavily limited by the computational cost of quantum dynamics models able to track the evolution of the excited states over time. In this article, we present the first application of the time-dependent density functional tight-binding (TD-DFTB) method for an experimental nanometer-sized gold-organic system consisting of a hexyl-protected Au25 cluster labelled with a pyrene fluorophore, in which the fluorescence quenching of the pyrene is attributed to the electron transfer from the metallic cluster to the dye. The full quantum rationalization of the electron transfer is attained through quantum dynamics simulations, highlighting the crucial role of the protecting ligand shell in electron transfer, as well as the coupling with nuclear movement. This work paves the way towards the fast and accurate theoretical design of optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Anumula R, Reber AC, An P, Cui C, Guo M, Wu H, Luo Z, Khanna SN. Ligand accommodation causes the anti-centrosymmetric structure of Au 13Cu 4 clusters with near-infrared emission. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14801-14807. [PMID: 32627782 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized an [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ nanocluster co-capped by phosphine and thiolate ligands. Interestingly, this Au13Cu4 cluster corresponds to an anti-centrosymmetric structure with the four copper atoms coordinated to the mixed ligands on the same side of the Au13 icosahedron, which is in sharp contrast to the [Au13Cu4(PPh2Py)4(SPhtBu)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ clusters which possess highly symmetric structures with well-separated Cu adatoms. Both [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ clusters correspond to 8 valence electron superatoms with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, respectively. The difference in structure is rooted in the nature of the mixed ligands, with the bidentate SPy binding strongly to Cu on both binding sites (-N-Cu and Au-SR-Cu) leading to the co-linking of adjacent Cu atoms, while the bidentate PPh2Py binds Cu on one site and Au on the other giving rise to a separation of the Cu atoms even in the presence of relatively higher monomer concentration. Both [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ display emissions in the near-IR regions. TD-DFT calculations reproduce the spectroscopic results with specified excited states, shedding light on the geometric and electronic behaviors of the ligand-protected Au13Mx clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Anumula
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, and Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
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Machado ES, Rodrigues NM, Costa Júnior NB, Felicíssimo VC. DFT/TDDFT investigation on the structural and optical properties of Au13L clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang X, Yang Z, Tang F, Xu J, Zhang M, Choi MMF. Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:955-966. [PMID: 31165022 PMCID: PMC6541327 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polydisperse water-soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) protected by penicillamine have been synthesized in this work. The sequential size-selective precipitation (SSSP) technique has been applied for the size fractionation and purification of the monolayer-protected AuNCs. Through continuously adding acetone to a crude AuNC aqueous solution and controlling the volume percentage of acetone, we successfully separated the polydisperse AuNCs with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 5.4 nm into four different fractions sequentially. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that the four fractions are well-dispersed spherical particles of diameter 3.0 ± 0.6, 2.3 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.4, and 1.2 ± 0.4 nm. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that disulfide, excess ligands and gold(I) complexes were removed from the AuNCs fractions. These results demonstrate the considerable potential of the SSSP technique for size-based separation and purification of AuNCs, achieving not only the isolation of larger nanoclusters (NCs) from small NCs in a continuous fashion, but also for the removal of small-molecule impurities. Based on the results from the mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis, the average composition of the four fractions can be represented by Au38(SR)18, Au28(SR)15, Au18(SR)12, and Au11(SR)8, respectively. This indicates that the SSSP separation is mainly dependent on the core size and the ratio of Au atoms to ligands of AuNCs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has also been applied to observe the molecular dependence on the gold and sulfur chemical state of organosulfur monolayers of the fractions. The photoluminescence spectra of these AuNCs in the range of 900-790 nm was investigated at room temperature. The results show that the peak emission energy of the size-selected AuNCs undergoes a blue shift when the size is decreased, which can be attributed to the quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Zhengli Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Fenglin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Maoxue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Muñoz-Castro A. Potential of N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives from Au13(dppe)5Cl2gold superatoms. Evaluation of electronic, optical and chiroptical properties from relativistic DFT. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00513g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) introduction into well-defined atomically precise gold superatoms allows efficient control of structural, optical, chiroptical and emission features of the Au13Cl2core, related to the classical chiral [Au13Cl2(dppe)5]3+nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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Nasaruddin RR, Chen T, Yan N, Xie J. Roles of thiolate ligands in the synthesis, properties and catalytic application of gold nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guo Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Dai M. Ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized by mercaptan and acetylene derivatives with supercapacitor application. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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