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Abstract
Quantum calculations study the potential of an intramolecular H-bond between the halogen atom (X) of a halobenzene and a substituent placed ortho to it, to amplify the ability of X to engage in a halogen bond (XB) with a Lewis base. H-bonding substituents NH2, CH2CH2OH, CH2OH, OH, and COOH were added to halobenzenes (X = Cl, Br, I). The amino group had little effect, but those containing OH increased the CX···N XB energy to a NH3 nucleophile by about 0.5 kcal/mol; the increment associated with COOH is larger, nearly 2 kcal/mol. These energy increments were approximately doubled if two such H-bonding substituents are present. Combining a pair of ortho COOH groups with an electron-withdrawing NO2 group in the para position has a particularly large effect, raising the XB energy by about 4 kcal/mol, which can amount to as much as a 4-fold magnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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2
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Tabernero V, Teresa Muñoz M, Palenzuela M, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Mosquera MEG. σ-Hole triel bonds in aluminium derivatives. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:551-555. [PMID: 36594397 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports the synthesis and X-ray characterization of a new mononuclear aluminium compound exhibiting an intramolecular σ-hole triel bonding interaction. It is compared with a dinuclear aluminium compound, previously reported by us, where the aluminium atoms participate in two concurrent σ-hole triel bonding interactions. To our knowledge, such behaviour has not been previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tabernero
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Muñoz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palenzuela
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts. De Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crts. De Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Abstract
Quantum calculations study the manner in which the involvement of a halogen atom as a proton acceptor in one or more H bonds (HBs) affects the strength of the halogen bond (XB) it can form with a nucleophile aligned with the X σ-hole. A variety of Lewis acids wherein X = F, Cl, Br, and I are attached to a tetrel atom C or Ge engaged in a XB with nucleophile NH3. One, two, and three HF molecules were positioned perpendicular to the XB axis so that they could form a HB to the X atom. Each such HB strengthened the XB by an increment of 1 kcal/mol or more that does not attenuate as each new HB is added, potentially increasing the interaction energy manyfold. Additionally, the presence of one or more HBs facilitates the formation of a XB by molecules which are reluctant to engage in such a bond in the absence of these auxiliary interactions. Even the F atom, which avoids such a XB, can be coaxed to participate in a XB of moderate strength by one or more of these external HBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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4
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Parra RD. Cooperative strengthening of the halogen bond in cyclic clusters of iodine monofluoride, (IF)n (n = 3–8): From a closed-shell interaction, F-I…F, to a symmetric partly covalent interaction, F…I…F. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Wang X, Li B, Wang H, Song Q, Ni Y, Wang H. Strong σ-hole triel-bond between C5H5Tr (Tr B, Al, Ga) and N‐base (N‐base NCH, NH3, NC−): Cooperativity and solvation effects. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Wysokiński R, Scheiner S. Triel bonds within anion ···anion complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25097-25106. [PMID: 34751289 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04296c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of two anions to interact with one another is tested in the context of pairs of TrX4- homodimers, where Tr represents any of the triel atoms B, Al, Ga, In, or Tl, and X refers to a halogen substituent F, Cl, or Br. None of these pairs engage in a stable complex in the gas phase, but the situation reverses in water where the two monomers are held together by Tr⋯X triel bonds, complemented by stabilizing interactions between X atoms. Some of these bonds are quite strong, notably those involving TrF4-, with interaction energies surpassing 30 kcal mol-1. Others are very much weaker, with scarcely exothermic binding energies. The highly repulsive electrostatic interactions are counteracted by large polarization energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA.
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7
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Tarannam N, Shukla R, Kozuch S. Yet another perspective on hole interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19948-19963. [PMID: 34514473 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hole interactions are known by different names depending on the key atom of the bond (halogen bond, chalcogen bond, hydrogen bond, etc.), and the geometry of the interaction (σ if in line, π if perpendicular to the Lewis acid plane). However, its origin starts with the creation of a Lewis acid by an underlying covalent bond, which forms an electrostatic depletion and a virtual antibonding orbital, which can create non-covalent interactions with Lewis bases. In this (maybe subjective) perspective, we will claim that hole interactions must be defined via the molecular orbital origin of the molecule. Under this premise we can better explore the richness of such bonding patterns. For that, we will study old, recent and new systems, trying to pinpoint some misinterpretations that are often associated with them. We will use as exemplars the triel bonds, a couple of metal complexes, a discussion on convergent σ-holes, and many cases of anti-electrostatic hole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziha Tarannam
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 841051, Israel.
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 841051, Israel.
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 841051, Israel.
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8
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Yang Q, Zhou B, Li Q, Scheiner S. Weak σ‐Hole Triel Bond between C
5
H
5
Tr (Tr=B, Al, Ga) and Haloethyne: Substituent and Cooperativity Effects. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:481-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University 264005 Yantai China
| | - Bohua Zhou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University 264005 Yantai China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University 264005 Yantai China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 84322-0300 Logan UT USA
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9
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Yang Q, Yao X, Yang X. Influence of N-Base and O-Base Hybridization on Triel Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21300-21308. [PMID: 32875266 PMCID: PMC7450710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexes of TrR3 (Tr = B and Al; R = H, F, Cl, and Br) with three N-bases (NH3, CH2NH, and HCN) and three O-bases (CH3OH, H2CO, and CO) are utilized to explore the hybridization effect of N and O atoms on the strength, properties, and nature of the triel bond. The sp-hybridized O and N atoms form the weakest triel bond, followed by the sp2-hybridized O atom or the sp3-hybridized N atom, and the sp3-hybridized O atom or the sp2-hybridized N atom engages in the strongest triel bond. The hybridization effect is also related to the substituent of TrR3. Most complexes are dominated by electrostatic, with increasing polarization contribution from sp to sp2 to sp3. Although the CO oxygen engages in a weaker triel bond, its carbon atom is a better electron donor and the interaction energy even amounts to -37 kcal/mol in the BH3 complex.
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10
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Dong TG, Peng H, He XF, Wang X, Gao J. Hybrid Molecular Dynamics for Elucidating Cooperativity Between Halogen Bond and Water Molecules During the Interaction of p53-Y220C and the PhiKan5196 Complex. Front Chem 2020; 8:344. [PMID: 32457871 PMCID: PMC7221198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperativity between hydrogen and halogen bonds plays an important role in rational drug design. However, mimicking the dynamic cooperation between these bonds is a challenging issue, which has impeded the development of the halogen bond force field. In this study, the Y220C–PhiKan5196 complex of p53 protein was adopted as a model, and the functions of three water molecules that formed hydrogen bonds with halogen atoms were analyzed by the simulation method governed by the hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics. A comparison with the water-free model revealed that the strength of the halogen bond in the complex was consistently stronger. This confirmed that the water molecules formed weak hydrogen bonds with the halogen atom and cooperated with the halogen atom to enhance the halogen bond. Further, it was discovered that the roles of the three water molecules were not the same. Therefore, the results obtained herein can facilitate a rational drug design. Further, this work emphasizes on the fact that, in addition to protein pockets and ligands, the role of voids should also be considered with regard to the water molecules surrounding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ge Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Feng He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Ciancaleoni G, Nunzi F, Belpassi L. Charge Displacement Analysis-A Tool to Theoretically Characterize the Charge Transfer Contribution of Halogen Bonds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020300. [PMID: 31940866 PMCID: PMC7024339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical bonding analysis is of prime importance for the deep understanding of the various chemical interactions, covalent or not. Among the various methods that have been developed in the last decades, the analysis of the Charge Displacement function (CD) demonstrated to be useful to reveal the charge transfer effects in many contexts, from weak hydrogen bonds, to the characterization of σ hole interactions, as halogen, chalcogen and pnictogen bonding or even in the decomposition of the metal-ligand bond. Quite often, the CD analysis has also been coupled with experimental techniques, in order to give a complete description of the system under study. In this review, we focus on the use of CD analysis on halogen bonded systems, describing the most relevant literature examples about gas phase and condensed phase systems. Chemical insights will be drawn about the nature of halogen bond, its cooperativity and its influence on metal-ligand bond components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-9351
| | - Francesca Nunzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” del CNR (SCITEC-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” del CNR (SCITEC-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
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12
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McDowell SAC, Dong W, Wang Y, Li Q. Noncovalent Interactions in Complexes Involving the Cyclic C
2
H
2
X (X=O, S, Se) Molecules and the Lewis Acids YF (Y=F, Cl, Br, H). ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesThe University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus Barbados
| | - Wenbo Dong
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005, P. R. China
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13
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Comparison of halogen with proton transfer. Symmetric and asymmetric systems. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Zhou T, Liu S, Yu D, Zhao D, Rong C, Liu S. On the negative cooperativity of argon clusters containing one lithium cation or fluorine anion. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Ciancaleoni G. Cooperativity between hydrogen- and halogen bonds: the case of selenourea. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental/theoretical investigation on the cooperativity between hydrogen- and halogen bonds is presented. In this study, it is shown that selenourea can interact at the same time with a benzoate anion and a polarized iodine, with the two interactions influencing and enhancing each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Università degli Studi di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- 13-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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16
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McDowell SAC. The effect of anions on noncovalent interactions in model clusters of chalcogen-containing (CH3)2X (X = O, S, Se) molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18420-18428. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of F−⋯(CH3)2O⋯CH3F with F− bound to the protons of the two methyl groups, found significant enhancement of the O⋯C interaction relative to the neutral (CH3)2O⋯CH3F dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- The University of the West Indies
- Barbados
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17
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Zhang J, Li W, Cheng J, Liu Z, Li Q. Cooperative effects between π-hole triel and π-hole chalcogen bonds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26580-26588. [PMID: 35541088 PMCID: PMC9083131 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations have been performed on π-hole triel- and chalcogen-bonded complexes involving a heteroaromatic compound. These complexes are very stable with large interaction energy up to −47 kcal mol−1. The sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom engages in a stronger π-hole bond than the sp-hybridized species although the former has smaller negative electrostatic potential. The sp2-hybridized oxygen atom in 1,4-benzoquinone is a weaker electron donor in the π-hole bond than the sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom. The π-hole triel bond is stronger than the π-hole chalcogen bond. A clear structural deformation is found for the triel or chalcogen donor molecule in these π-hole-bonded complexes. The triel bond exhibits partially covalent interaction, whereas the chalcogen bond exhibits covalent interaction in the SO3 complexes of pyrazine and pyridine derivatives with a sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom. Intermolecular charge transfer (>0.2e) occurs to a considerable extent in these complexes. In ternary complexes involving an aromatic compound, wherein a triel bond and a chalcogen bond coexist, both the interactions are weakened or strengthened when the central aromatic molecule acts as a double Lewis base or plays a dual role of both a base and an acid. Both electrostatic and charge transfer effects have important contributions toward changes in the strength of both interactions. MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations have been performed on π-hole triel- and chalcogen-bonded complexes involving a heteroaromatic compound. Both interactions exhibit cooperative/diminutive effect, depending on the role of the central heteroaromatic compound.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzuo Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- People's Republic of China
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