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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Fan X, Cao L, Geng L, Ma Y, Wei Y, Wang Y. Polysaccharides as separation media for the separation of proteins, peptides and stereoisomers of amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:616-638. [PMID: 34242648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable separation of peptides, amino acids and proteins as accurate as possible with the maximum conformation and biological activity is crucial and essential for drug discovery. Polysaccharide, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers with optical activity on earth, is easy to be functionalized due to lots of hydroxyl groups on glucose units. Over the last few decades, polysaccharide derivatives are gradually employed as effective separation media. The highly-ordered helical structure contributes to complex, diverse molecular recognition ability, allowing polysaccharide derivatives to selectively interact with different analytes. This article reviews the development, application and prospects of polysaccharides as separation media in the separation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in recent years. The chiral molecules mechanism, advantages, limitations, development status and challenges faced by polysaccharides as separation media in molecular recognition are summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of its continued development and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lilong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Linna Geng
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yalu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Native and substituted cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations: Structures, features, application, and molecular modeling. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1676-1708. [PMID: 33956995 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of α-d-glucopyranosyl units linked through 1,4-linkages, which are obtained from enzymatic degradation of starch. The coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same structure makes these macrocycles extremely versatile as complexing host with application in food, cosmetics, environmental, agriculture, textile, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Due to their inherent chirality, CDs have been also successfully used as chiral selectors in enantioseparation science, in particular, for CE enantioseparations. In the last decades, multidisciplinary approaches based on CE, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, microcalorimetry, and molecular modeling have shed light on some aspects of recognition mechanisms underlying enantiodiscrimination. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a useful tool to model at molecular level the dynamics of diastereomeric associate formation to sample low-energy conformations, the binding energies between the enantiomer and the CD, and to profile noncovalent interactions contributing to the stability of CD/enantiomer association. On this basis, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with a critical overview on the applications of CDs in CE. In particular, the contemporary theory of the electrophoretic technique and the main structural features of CDs are described, with a specific focus on techniques, methods, and approaches to model CE enantioseparations promoted by native and substituted CDs. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Dou R, Chen K, Chi G, Luo J, Wong CF, Zhou B. Why heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl)-β-cyclodextrin can separate terbutaline enantiomers better than β-cyclodextrin: nonbonding and hydrophobic interactions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alvira E. Molecular Simulation of the Separation of Some Amino Acid Enantiomers by β-Cyclodextrin in Gas-Phase. Front Chem 2020; 8:823. [PMID: 33102440 PMCID: PMC7505776 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed by β-cyclodextrin and some amino acids (alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in vacuo are studied by molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations. These methods have been improved with respect to our previous studies with amino acids, regarding the determination of molecular structures or initial enantiomer dispositions in the molecular dynamics trajectories. The greatest contribution to the interaction energy is from the van der Waals term, although the discrimination between enantiomers is due mainly to the electrostatic contribution. The lowest energy structures of the complexes obtained from molecular mechanics are inclusion complexes in which the carboxylic end of amino acids is pointing toward the narrow (D-) or wide rim (L-) of β-cyclodextrin. The position probability density provided by molecular dynamics also confirms inclusion complex formation, because the guests spend most time inside the cavity of β-cyclodextrin along its axis, with the carboxylic end pointing toward the narrow rim. The L-amino acids are the first eluted enantiomers in all cases and chiral discrimination increases with the size of guests, except leucine, which has the lowest capacity to discriminate. During the simulation, Ala and Val remain in weakly enantioselective regions, while Leu and Ile stay in zones with great chiral selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alvira
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Alvira E. Molecular Simulation of the Separation of Isoleucine Enantiomers by β-Cyclodextrin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061021. [PMID: 30875754 PMCID: PMC6470920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations were carried out to study the capacity of isoleucine enantiomers to form inclusion complexes with β⁻cyclodextrin, and to be discriminated by this chiral compound, in vacuo and with different solvents. Solvents were characterized not only by the value of dielectric constant ε in the Coulombic interaction energy, but also by the neutral and zwitterion configurations of isoleucine. Whereas the discrimination between the enantiomers for ε ≤ 2 is due to the electrostatic contribution, these differences are mainly due to the Lennard-Jones potential for ε > 2. The most enantioselective regions are located near the cavity walls, independently of the solvent. D-Ile is more stable than L-Ile in broader regions in vacuo, but L-Ile presents more stable locations with water. Isoleucine can form inclusion complexes with β⁻cyclodextrin in vacuo and with different solvents. Two probable configurations are deduced from the molecular dynamics simulation, in which the guest is always inside the cavity and with the carboxylic end of the amino acid oriented towards either rim of β⁻CD. In the simulation, the enantiomers preferentially occupy regions with greater chiral discrimination. The first eluted enantiomer in vacuo and with different solvents is L-Ile, independently of the solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alvira
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, 38202 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Peluso P, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Mamane V, Cossu S. Recent studies of docking and molecular dynamics simulation for liquid-phase enantioseparations. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1881-1896. [PMID: 30710444 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase enantioseparations have been fruitfully applied in several fields of science. Various applications along with technical and theoretical advancements contributed to increase significantly the knowledge in this area. Nowadays, chromatographic techniques, in particular HPLC on chiral stationary phase, are considered as mature technologies. In the last thirty years, CE has been also recognized as one of the most versatile technique for analytical scale separation of enantiomers. Despite the huge number of papers published in these fields, understanding mechanistic details of the stereoselective interaction between selector and selectand is still an open issue, in particular for high-molecular weight chiral selectors like polysaccharide derivatives. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a basic tool in enantioseparation science. In this field, molecular docking and dynamics simulations proved to be extremely adaptable to model and visualize at molecular level the spatial proximity of interacting molecules in order to predict retention, selectivity, enantiomer elution order, and profile noncovalent interaction patterns underlying the recognition process. On this basis, topics and trends in using docking and molecular dynamics as theoretical complement of experimental LC and CE chiral separations are described herein. The basic concepts of these computational strategies and seminal studies performed over time are presented, with a specific focus on literature published between 2015 and November 2018. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR - Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre Venezia, Veneto, Italy
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Chen G, Huang K, Miao M, Feng B, Campanella OH. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Mechanism Elucidation of Food Processing and Safety: State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:243-263. [PMID: 33337012 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a useful technique to study the interaction between molecules and how they are affected by various processes and processing conditions. This review summarizes the application of MD simulations in food processing and safety, with an emphasis on the effects that emerging nonthermal technologies (for example, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field) have on the molecular and structural characteristics of foods and biomaterials. The advances and potential projection of MD simulations in the science and engineering aspects of food materials are discussed and focused on research work conducted to study the effects of emerging technologies on food components. It is expected by showing key case studies that it will stir novel developments as a valuable tool to study the effects of emerging food technologies on biomaterials. This review is useful to food researchers and the food industry, as well as researchers and practitioners working on flavor and nutraceutical encapsulations, dietary carbohydrate product developments, modified starches, protein engineering, and other novel food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Dept. of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ., 745 Agriculture Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47906, U.S.A
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Alvira E. Influence of solvent polarity on the separation of leucine enantiomers by β-cyclodextrin: a molecular mechanics and dynamics simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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