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Das S, Pandey D, Thomas J, Roy T. The Role of Graphene and Other 2D Materials in Solar Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802722. [PMID: 30187972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have attracted considerable attention due to their exciting optical and electronic properties, and demonstrate immense potential for next-generation solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. With the scaling trends in photovoltaics moving toward thinner active materials, the atomically thin bodies and high flexibility of 2D materials make them the obvious choice for integration with future-generation photovoltaic technology. Not only can graphene, with its high transparency and conductivity, be used as the electrodes in solar cells, but also its ambipolar electrical transport enables it to serve as both the anode and the cathode. 2D materials beyond graphene, such as transition-metal dichalcogenides, are direct-bandgap semiconductors at the monolayer level, and they can be used as the active layer in ultrathin flexible solar cells. However, since no 2D material has been featured in the roadmap of standard photovoltaic technologies, a proper synergy is still lacking between the recently growing 2D community and the conventional solar community. A comprehensive review on the current state-of-the-art of 2D-materials-based solar photovoltaics is presented here so that the recent advances of 2D materials for solar cells can be employed for formulating the future roadmap of various photovoltaic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Das
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Deepak Pandey
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jayan Thomas
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Tania Roy
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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Yang J, Yuan Z, Liu X, Braun S, Li Y, Tang J, Gao F, Duan C, Fahlman M, Bao Q. Oxygen- and Water-Induced Energetics Degradation in Organometal Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16225-16230. [PMID: 29649870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites are under rapid development, and significant focus has been placed on their stability that currently presents a major obstacle for practical application. Energetics plays a vital role in charge injection/extraction and transport properties in devices. Here, we in situ investigate oxygen- and water-induced energetics degradation in organometal halide perovskite films. Oxygen gas induces an upward shift of the vacuum level of the perovskite films because of the formation of an oxygen-induced surface dipole, water vapor causes a significant vacuum-level downshift, and the valence band binding energy referenced to the Fermi level simultaneously increases so as to keep the ionization potential of the perovskite films unchanged. Moreover, the chemical compositions, crystalline structures, surface morphologies, and dynamical properties also are monitored and analyzed in detail. These results are indispensable to understand the degradation mechanisms and to perform the optimizations of stable materials and devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education , East China Normal University , 200241 Shanghai , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Yanqing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P.R. China
| | | | - Chungang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education , East China Normal University , 200241 Shanghai , P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030006 , P.R. China
| | | | - Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education , East China Normal University , 200241 Shanghai , P.R. China
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