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Almeida J, Tomé AC, Rangel M, Silva AMG. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Pyrrolidine-Fused Chlorin Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093833. [PMID: 37175243 PMCID: PMC10179977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we pursued research involving the microwave-assisted N-alkylation of a NH pyrrolidine-fused chlorin with methyl 4-(bromomethyl) benzoate and subsequent ester hydrolysis as a straightforward strategy to obtain carboxylic acid functionality in the pyrrolidine-fused chlorin, as a single reaction product. We studied the reaction's scope by extending the N-alkylation of the free-base chlorin and its corresponding Zn(II) complex to other alkyl halides, including 1,4-diiodobutane, N-(2-bromoethyl)phthalimide, and 2-bromoethanaminium bromide. In addition, two new chlorin-dansyl dyads were synthesized by reacting dansyl chloride with the 2-aminoethyl pyrrolidine-fused chlorin (dyad 6) and NH pyrrolidine-fused chlorin (dyad 7). According to spectral studies, the linker length between the two fluorophores influences the response of the dyads to the solvent polarity. Because of the simplicity of these approaches, we believe it will enable access to a vast library of custom-tailored N-functionalized chlorins while preserving their important absorption and emission spectra as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Lau MHY, Wong CH, Chan HYE, Au-Yeung HY. Development of Fluorescent Turn-On Probes for CAG-RNA Repeats. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1080. [PMID: 36551047 PMCID: PMC9775061 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing of nucleic acids is a highly sensitive and efficient bioanalytical method for their study in cellular processes, detection and diagnosis in related diseases. However, the design of small molecule fluorescent probes for the selective binding and detection of RNA of a specific sequence is very challenging because of their diverse, dynamic, and flexible structures. By modifying a bis(amidinium)-based small molecular binder that is known to selectively target RNA with CAG repeats using an environment-sensitive fluorophore, a turn-on fluorescent probe featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is successfully developed in this proof-of-concept study. The probe (DB-TPE) exhibits a strong, 19-fold fluorescence enhancement upon binding to a short CAG RNA, and the binding and fluorescence response was found to be specific to the overall RNA secondary structure with A·A mismatches. These promising analytical performances suggest that the probe could be applied in pathological studies, disease progression monitoring, as well as diagnosis of related neurodegenerative diseases due to expanded CAG RNA repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho Yan Lau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ho Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Rodin M, Li J, Kuckling D. Dually cross-linked single networks: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8147-8177. [PMID: 34059857 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymers have attracted an immense attention over the years, however, there are many flaws of these systems, e.g. softness and brittleness; such materials possess non-adjustable properties and cannot recover from damage and thus are limited in their practical applications. Supramolecular chemistry offers a variety of dynamic interactions that when integrated into polymeric gels endow the systems with reversibility and responsiveness to external stimuli. A combination of different cross-links in a single gel could be the key to tackle these drawbacks, since covalent or chemical cross-linking serve to maintain the permanent shape of the material and to improve overall mechanical performance, whereas non-covalent cross-links impart dynamicity, reversibility, stimuli-responsiveness and often toughness to the material. In the present review we sought to give a comprehensive overview of the progress in design strategies of different types of dually cross-linked single gels made by researchers over the past decade as well as the successful implementations of these advances in many demanding fields where versatile multifunctional materials are required, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, self-healing and adhesive systems, sensors as well as shape memory materials and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rodin
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Abstract
Two derivatives of dansyl (1-dimethylamino-5-naphthalenesulfonyl) in which the amino group is constrained in a ring are prepared as neopentyl esters. Their photophysical behavior is compared with that of the dansyl ester. The solvatochromism and quantum yields are similar for all three. Since the two constrained derivatives cannot twist about the amino group, they must emit from a planar intramolecular charge-transfer excited state. The similar photophysical behavior suggests that dansyl also emits from a PICT excited state instead of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lum
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Stephanie M Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Christopher J Abelt
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
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Mocanu S, Ionita G, Matei I. Solvatochromic characteristics of dansyl molecular probes bearing alkyl diamine chains. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118413. [PMID: 32380433 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of dansyl-based fluorescent probes bearing linear alkyl-1,n-diamine chains of different length (DA1.n, n = 2-8, 10, 12) was characterized in terms of the absorptive and emissive features in solvents of different polarity and hydrogen bond donor/hydrogen bond acceptor character. The probes show solvent-dependent absorption, a feature that is uncommon among dansyl derivatives. The dual emission of DA1.n probes is strong in non-aqueous solvents and is influenced by the chain length and interactions with the solvent. Solvent effects on the spectral parameters were rationalized on the basis of the Kamlet-Taft and Catalán solvatochromic models, in order to quantify the degree of polarity-driven and hydrogen bonding interactions. A comparative discussion of the results predicted by the two models was made. In ground state, the DA1.n probes act as hydrogen bond acceptors. In excited state, hydrogen bonding is less favoured, the solute-solvent interactions being governed by the increasing polarity of the solvent that results in a large bathochromic shift of the emission. A comparison was made with the spectral features previously reported for the corresponding series of bis-dansyl fluorescent probes (2DA1.n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Mocanu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ionita
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Iulia Matei
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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Pazin WM, Almeida AKA, Manzoni V, Dias JMM, de Abreu ACF, Navarro M, Ito AS, Ribeiro AS, de Oliveira IN. Thermal and solvatochromic effects on the emission properties of a thienyl-based dansyl derivative. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28484-28491. [PMID: 35520094 PMCID: PMC9055963 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions have a profound effect on the photophysical behavior of highly conjugated compounds, which can be exploited in a large variety of applications. In this context, we use a combination of experimental and computational methods to investigate thermal and solvatochromic effects on the fluorescence properties of a dansyl derivative bearing a thienyl substituent, namely 2-(3-thienyl)ethyl dansylglycinate (TEDG). In particular, we analyze how the solvent polarity and temperature affect the ground and excited state energies of TEDG by using time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence techniques. We determine the changes in dipole moment of the TEDG molecule upon photoexcitation, as well as the solvent polarity effects on the excited state lifetime. Besides, we provide theoretical modeling of the HOMO–LUMO orbitals and the vertical absorption and emission energies using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) as well as the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to include the solvent contribution to the absorption and emission energies. Our results show that the emission mechanism of TEDG involves locally excited states derived from hybrid molecular orbitals, accompanied by a moderate variation of the molecular dipole moment upon light excitation. Our findings demonstrate that TEDG exhibits desirable fluorescence properties that make it a promising candidate for use as a photoactive material in electrochromic, optical thermometry, and thermography applications. We use a combination of experimental and computational methods to investigate thermal and solvatochromic effects on the fluorescence properties of a dansyl derivative bearing a thienyl substituent, 2-(3-thienyl)ethyl dansylglycinate (TEDG).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Pazin
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901 Brazil.,Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900 Brazil
| | - A K A Almeida
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió AL 57072-970 Brazil
| | - V Manzoni
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió AL 57072-970 Brazil
| | - J M M Dias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - A C F de Abreu
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió AL 57072-970 Brazil .,Instituto Federal do Piauí, Campus Angical Angical PI 64410-000 Brazil
| | - M Navarro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - A S Ito
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901 Brazil
| | - A S Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió AL 57072-970 Brazil
| | - I N de Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió AL 57072-970 Brazil
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Mocanu S, Matei I, Leonties A, Tecuceanu V, Hanganu A, Minea Z, Stancu A, Popescu EI, Ionita G. New flexible molecular probes bearing dansyl and TEMPO moieties for host–guest interactions in solution and gels. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Host–guest interactions in functionalised alginate gels are evidenced by EPR and fluorescence spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Mocanu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Iulia Matei
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Anca Leonties
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | | | - Anamaria Hanganu
- Organic Chemistry Centre of the Romanian Academy
- 78100 Bucharest
- Romania
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis
- University of Bucharest
| | - Zamfirica Minea
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Alina Stancu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Elena Irina Popescu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
| | - Gabriela Ionita
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy
- Bucharest 060021
- Romania
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